HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 10-03-2005-5mORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT
Meeting Date: October 3, 2005
Action Agenda
Item No. .Cj -,~y~
SUBJECT: Consultant Services -Ten (10) Year Plan to End Homelessness
DEPARTMENT: Housing and Community
Development
PUBLIC HEARING: (Y/N) No
ATTACHMENT(S):
Proposal Summary
Corpus Christi, Texas Seven Year Plan
(under separate cover)
INFORMATION CONTACT:
Tara L. Fikes, 245-2490
PURPOSE: To consider awarding a contract for consulting services to J-Quad and Associates,
LLC far the development of a Ten Year Plan to End Homelessness in Orange County and
authorize the Chair to sign the document contingent upon final review by the County Attorney,
BACKGROUND: In March 2005, the Orange County Partnership to End Homelessness
(Partnership) was formed to institute a countywide effort that will culminate in the development
and implementation of a Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness in Orange County. Membership
includes Orange County; the Towns of Chapel Hill, Garrboro and Hillsborough; Triangle United
Way, Orange Congregations in Mission; the Inter-Faith Council; OPC Area Program; the
Hillsborough Chamber of Commerce; and UNC,
In the intervening months, the Partnership identified the proposed components and developed
an estimated budget and timeline for developing the local Plan within a year or by October 31,
2006. Financial support was solicited and received from the following entities to finance project
administration for this effort,
Orange County
Town of Chapel Hill
Town of Carrbaro
Town of Hillsborough
Triangle United Way
TOTAL
$18,000
$18,450
$ 6,300
$ 2,250
$10,000
$55,000
In the process of allocating the above funds for the 2005-2006 fiscal year, the Towns and the
Triangle United Way agreed that Orange County would serve as the lead entity and administer
this project budget. Therefore, no additional action is required by these respective governing
boards.
In July 2005, Orange County, on behalf of the Partnership, issued a Request for Proposals
(RFP) from qualified housing consultants to provide project administration services far the Ten
Year Plan development process. Three (3) proposals were received on August 19, 2005. The
respondents were:
1. J-Quad and Associates, LLC
2. Starfire Consulting & Ananse Consulting (partnership)
3. All American Associates
Upon receipt of proposals, members of a subcommittee of the Partnership reviewed the
proposals based on the following evaluation criteria.
• Demonstrated prior experience authoring housing plans, particularly multi-jurisdiction
consortium plans.
• Strong background in current conditions data analysis.
• Experience meeting with and working with a variety of constituencies, agencies, non-
profits, and governmental bodies.
• Thorough understanding of procedures as outlined in this request for proposals.
• Reasonableness of projected expenses and allocated time.
• Financial capability to carry out the work program.
Based on this evaluation criterion, as well as discussions with firm principals regarding the
ability to meet the partnership's expectation that the firm ensure extensive community
involvement in the planning process, the Partnership recommends contracting with J-Quad and
Associates, LLG at a cost of $51,270. The consultant agrees to complete the Ten Year Plan to
End Homelessness by October 31, 2006.
As additional information, J-Quad has worked with numerous communities across the country in
the development of housing strategies including homeless strategies. Most recently, J-Quad
has developed a Seven Year Plan to End Homelessness for the City of Corpus Christi and
Nueces County, Texas. That plan is attached to this abstract and is also available at
www.cctexas.com on the Internet.
The scope of work for the Orange County Ten Year Plan is more fully described in the attached
proposal summary.
FINANCIAL IMPACT: The contract cost totals $51,270. As part of the fiscal year 2005-06
budget, Commissioners approved an appropriation of $18,000 for Orange County's contribution
to the Partnership to End Homelessness Initiative. At the September 7, 2005 meeting, the
Board accepted the receipt of additional funds totaling $32,000 from our project partners (Town
of Chapel Hill [$18,450], Town of Garrboro [$6,300], Town of Hillsborough [$2,250], and
Triangle United Way [$5,000]) bringing the total initiative budget to $50,000. Since that time,
Triangle united Way has agreed to contribute an additional $5,000 towards this initiative. The
receipt of these funds will be included on a budget amendment that is planned for the October
18, 2005 BOCC meeting. With the additional funding from Triangle United Way, the initiative
budget totals $55,000. Funds remaining after the contract is paid would be used for additional
project expenses.
RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board award a contract for
consulting services to J-Quad and Associates, LLC for the development of a Ten Year Plan to
End Homelessness in Orange County and authorize the Chair to sign the document contingent
upon final review by the County Attorney.
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Proposal for the Preparation of the Orange County 10-Year Plan to End
Homelessness
Submitted by
J-Quad & Associates, LLC.
I. Introductory Section
Primary Contact and Contract Nesotiator
J-QUAD & Associates, LLC
14755 Preston Road, Suite 620
Dallas, Texas 75254
Contact Person:.James Gilleylen, Managing Partner
Phone: (972) .386-6553
Fax: (972)386-6554
Email: gilleylenj(ci)jquad.com
A Brief History of J-Ouad:
J-QUAD and Associates, LLC is a 100% African-American owned Minority Business Enterprise,
established under Texas law as a limited liability company in 1992, with a branch office in
Bethesda, Maryland. J-QUAD is certified by the State of Texas as a Historically Underutilized
Business (HUB) and Catalog Information Systems Vendor.. Additionally, the Houston Minority
Business Council (HMBC), the South Central Texas Regional Certification Agency (SCTRCA)
and the North Central Texas Regional Certification Agency (NCTRCA) certify J-QUAD as a
Minority Business Enterprise (MBE). Federally, J-QUAD is a Small Business Administration
(SBA) 8(a) certified company and is approved by the General Services Administration (GSA) to
provide Management, Organizational and Business Improvement Services (MOBIS) for Federal
Supply Group 874 under Corporate Contract #GS-OOF-0046N and Information Technology
Services through the 8(a) Streamlined Teclmology Acquisition Resources (STARS) GWAC
under Contract #GS-06F-0.3742.
J-QUAD & Associates, LLC currently employs a staff of 17, seven of which comprise the Policy
and Planning Division that will be completing the work for Orange County, J-QUAD was
founded with a Planning and Policy Division partnered with an Information Technology Division
and Management Consulting Division, This unique combination gives us the ability to offer
private, municipal, state, and federal clients customized service solutions that utilize the
technology standards of the 21st century in the development of analysis and planning studies.
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II. J-Quad's Qualifications and Experience
The J-QUAD team ofprofessionals has worleed with numerous communities in the development
of Neighborhood Revitalization, and Homeless and Housing Strategies, designed to stabilize and
revitalize neighborhoods that are experiencing decline and to provide improved access to
housing and homeless services to all segments of the population, Each of these studies combine
the use of GIS technology and demographic reseazch with detailed housing condition and land
use surveys, community pazticipation, and strategic planning, to solve community development
issues, The studies are generally commissioned by individual and multi-jurisdictional
governmental bodies, nonprofits or financial institutions and most often involve collaborations
between the three, Implementation is generally supported by public/private partnerships
involving these types of entities as well and the use of federal, state and local financial subsidies,
Our prior experience includes a recently developed 10-year plan to End Homelessness
commissioned by the City of Corpus Christi and Nueces County, Texas, completed in August,
2004. Strategies included responses to the physical housing and supportive care needs of
homeless persons and families, including policies/model programs for centralized intake, service
plans, and case management; client discharge procedures and transition programs; and homeless
prevention and intervention efforts.. We have developed Super NOFA applications and
Continuum of Care plans for Dallas County, the City of Dallas, Texas and a regional consortium
of service providers' submission to HUD. This included a "Point in Time" census of the
homeless population in and outside of shelters and surveys of their service needs. We have also
developed funding programs and project applications for HOPWA, SRO's, and various other
group housing and care facilities, Our studies continue to guide public policy decisions and are to
be used by,jurisdictions as a data source for their development of the Housing Needs Assessment
and Housing Revitalization Plans which are incorporated into their Consolidated Plan.
Our team of consultants is well versed in community development finance program tools and
related planning and administration responsibilities, gained from hands-on program
administration experience while working for municipal government and federally funded
programs. Finally, we have considerable experience as staff and consultants to municipalities
and nonprofit organizations so we understand the political realities of such an effort and the need
to focus the recommendations in ways that they can be implemented,
In addition to our homeless policy, neighborhood revitalization and community planning
experience, J-QUAD has considerable experience and expertise in all aspects of developing
federal grant planning studies. We have conducted over 30 Fair Housing Impediment Analyses
across the nation in cities, counties and statewide throughout the states of Texas, Louisiana, Iowa,
South Carolina, Georgia, Arkansas, Vermont, Virginia, Florida and Illinois. Statewide, our
experience includes an Analysis of Impediment for' the State of Arkansas and a Fair Housing
Analysis and Fair Housing Training Program for the State of Florida. We are currently
completing a statewide effort for the State of Vermont, and a multi jurisdictional study for' the
cities of Moline and Rock Island, Illinois and Davenport, Iowa..
We have completed Consolidated Planning and Housing Market Analysis efforts for the State of
Arkansas, the Cities of Montgomery, Alabama and Alexandria, Louisiana in 2005; the
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Consolidated Plan and Impediment Analysis for Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas, and
Prince William County, Virginia in 2004-2005; Dayton, Ohio 2005 -present, Corpus Christi,
Texas, and Shreveport, Louisiana in 2003-2004; and Housing Strategic Master Plan, Housing
Market Analysis and Housing Summit for San Antonio, Texas in 2002. We also conducted the
Housing Market Analysis component of the Consolidated Plans for the City of Columbia,
Missouri, completed February 2004 and Richland County, South Carolina completed March
2004.,
Associated Personnel
I-Quad's Project Director for this engagement will be James Gilleylen, 7-Quad's Managing
Partner. He will be assisted by Dr. Douglas Frederick, who will serve as Project Manager and
Principal Investigator and Senior Analysts Luis Tamayo and Derek Hull. The following provides
a brief summary of their background.
Program Director
James Gilleylen
Mr. Gilleylen has served as Managing Partner for J-QUAD & Associates, LLC since 1994.
As Managing Partner, he is responsible for the overall management and operations of 7-QUAD's
three business divisions, Planning and Policy Consulting, Management Consulting and
Information Technology Consulting. Prior government experience include Director of the
Department of Housing and Neighborhood Services (Dallas, TX), Deputy Director of Plazming
and Development (Washington, D. C.), and Assistant Director ofPlanning and Development and
Transportation Planning (Dallas, TX). Consulting project experience has included the Client
Information System Development for U.S. Depaztment of Housing & Llrban Development;
Super NOFA applications and Continuum of Care Plans for Dallas, Texas; Housing Market
Study for the City of Columbia, Missouri, Housing Programs Performance Evaluation and
Housing Strategic Master Plan for San Antonio, Texas; Housing Programs Performance
Evaluation and Neighborhood Needs Assessment for Shreveport, Louisiana.
Project Manager/Principal Investigator
Douglas Frederick, Ph. D.
Dr, Frederick serves as Project Manager and Principal Investigator for J-QUAD. He has
responsibilities for project supervision, research design, and data analysis. Dr. Frederick has
directed the Fair Housing Analysis, Consolidated Planning and Fair Housing Training efforts for
over 40 jurisdictions, He designed the Continuum of Care and Super NOFA Application, a
consolidated grant application for the Homeless Assistance Programs, resulting in a $5,3 million
grant to the City of Dallas and nonprofit organizations. Dr. Frederick served as the Project
Manager and Principal Investigator for the ] 0-Year Plan to End Chronic Homelessness for
Corpus Christi and Nueces County.
Senior Analysts
Derek Hull
Mr. Hull serves as Project Manager and Senior Analyst. Mr. Hull has experience as an
innovative, knowledgeable, and diverse Economic Development and housing professional,
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specializing in Policy Implementation, Business Attraction, Marketing, Planning, and grant
administration for large and suburban municipalities.. Mr, Hull has served as the Project Manager
for a number of Fair Housing Impediment Analysis and has also served as the Project Manager for
a Community Planning engagement for the Buckeye and Fairwood neighborhoods of Cleveland,
Ohio.
Luis Tamayo
Mr. Tamayo serves as Project Manager and Senior Analyst. He has responsibilities for
research design, planning, and data analysis for various projects.. Mr. Tamayo has a broad
planning education and background, balancing GIS, research methods, land development, and
comprehensive planning, He has strong research, information management and analysis skills
with experience in database design, and statistical analysis software. Mr, Tamayo served as
Lead Reseazch Analyst for documentation of the Capital Fund Formula for the Department of
HUD.
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III. PROJECT APPROACH, PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY
1. Research and Review of Ten Year Plans from similar communities
Ten-Year Plans to Eliminate Homelessness developed for comparable communities
would be selected based on the demographics and characteristics of the homeless
population.. The Homeless Action Plans for counties comparable to Orange County and
town/cities comparable to the Towns of Carrboro, Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough would
be reviewed. The review would also extend to homelessness in North Carolina and the
U,S. The review of the documents would focus on:
a, Nature of homelessness.
b. Extent of homelessness.
c, Reasons for homelessness.
d, Factors contributing to homelessness.
e. Cost of homelessness.
f. Inventory and gaps in homeless services.
g. Steps involved in ending homelessness.
h, Implementation and accomplishments.
2. Process Design Work Sessions and Interviews
Process Design Work Sessions would be held to formulate and refine the methodology to
conduct the study. The work sessions acquire input from key stakeholders in the
community. Community leaders, members of homeless service organizations, Orange
County staff, and staff from the Towns of Carrboro, Chapel Hill and Hillsborough, and
other key persons from within the county would be interviewed to gather input into the
process design, The following are the tasks that would be accomplished in this phase:
a. Meet with County and City staff to initiate the project.
b. Refine the methodology and public participation process with staff.
c, Identify key stakeholders.
d, Identify available data sources within the county and the cities.
e, Collect and review existing plans and reports.
f Hold a Process Design Work Session with City and County staff and key
stakeholders to refine the methodology
g. Develop strategies for an area-wide survey and data collection effort.
h. Develop a timeline associated with the tasks.
3. Development of Process Design
From the initial work sessions involving the key stakeholders, a detailed process design
would be generated to develop aTen-Year Plan to End Homelessness and a Marketing
and Implementation Strategy. The Process Design would be distributed to various
shelters, homeless service providers, and key members of the conununity to educate and
inform the community regarding the process. The Process Design would be distributed
through County and Town websites and news papers.. The process design would reflect
the basic elements of a plan to end homelessness provided by the National Alliance to
End Homelessness (NAEH) as listed below:
Step I. Plan for Outcomes
• Collect much better data at the local level and
Create a planning process that focuses on the outcome of ending chronic
homelessness,
Step II. Close the Front Door
• To end chronic homelessness, mainstream programs must prevent people from
becoming homeless,
• Discharge Planning should be improved, and
• The flow of incentives should favor helping people with the most complex
problems.
Step III.Open the Back Door
• An adequate supply of appropriate housing should be developed and subsidized,
• Quickly re-house homeless persons, and
• Specifically address the needs of the chronically homeless, transitionally
homeless, and episodically homeless,
Step IV. Build the Infrastructure
• Increase the supply of affordable housing,
• Increase incomes to pay for basic needs, and
• Build appropriate services,
4. Research Input
Seven (7) areas of research would be conducted. These include a review of previous
studies; analysis of the current homeless population; analysis of the supply of'services;
analysis of the current ability ofprovider agencies to expand services; analysis of service
levels mandated by government entities; cost analysis of homelessness; and analysis of
potential funding sources.
(i) Review of Previous Studies
The Continuum of Care Reports and previous Homeless Action Plans for Orange
County and the Towns of Carrboro, Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough, would be
reviewed to understand the issues, strategies, and actions the community has
implemented and projects that are underway to alleviate homelessness. Other
relevant documents including current and prior Consolidated Plans, CAPERs, and
PHA Plans of the County and the three towns would be reviewed to gain insight
into the changes occurring in homeless population, affordable housing goals and
strategies that were implemented in the previous ten years and the proposed goals
and strategies that would affect the homeless population in the community in the
corning five to ten years. Review of the documents would focus on:
a, Nature and extent of Homelessness in Orange County and the Towns of
Carrboro, Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough.
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b. Reasons for homelessness in Orange County and the Towns of Carrboro,
Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough.
a Factors contributing to homelessness in Orange County and the Towns of
Carrboro, Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough.
d. The design of the existing Continuum of Care system and evaluation of
service systems.
e, Inventory of emergency shelter, transitional housing, and permanent
supportive housing for individuals and families experiencing
homelessness.
f. Service coordination and data collection systems,
g, Community goals and implementation plans to resolve service issues.
h, Public/private partnerships in order to support community goals,
(ii) Analysis of the Current Homeless Population
For this analysis the data would be reviewed from the following two sources:
Gaps Analysis
Various sources including Continuum of Care reports from Orange
County and the Towns of Carrboro, Chapel Hill, and Hillsborough would
be used to develop the Gaps Analysis chart which compares existing
services and beds to homeless population need. Any data that is required
to complete the Gaps Analysis would be gathered from the service
providers, shelters, and respective agencies.
Homeless Census and Point-in-Tiure sarvey
If the county or the three towns have conducted a homeless census or
point-in-time survey, the data would be obtained to assess the current
homeless population.. If adequate data are available, the counts would be
projected to five to ten years to assess the projected needs for various
homeless services.
(iii) Analysis of the Supply of Services
An inventory of homeless residential programs and support services would be
obtained from the Continuum of Care, Data would be gathered pertaining to the
services including emergency shelters, transitional housing, and permanent
supportive housing for homeless and special needs populations, The availability
of various services including counseling, substance abuse treatment, HN/AIDS,
services for physically and mentally disabled, youth services,,job training, and
outreach would be enumerated to assess the supply of services in the community,
(iv) Analysis of the Current Ability of Provider Agencies to Expand Services
Service providers in the community would be interviewed or would be engaged in
work groups to evaluate their service capacity and changes occurring in service
levels as a result of funding cut-backs. The capacity of service providers to
improve or increase the services would be assessed.
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(v) Analysis of Service Levels Mandated by Government Entities
A review of service levels mandated by goverrunent entities would be conducted.
Data would be obtained pertaining to the service levels for programs assisting
persons experiencing homelessness that are mandated at the local, regional, or
state level. Discharge planning practices at the state and local levels would be
examined to assess the needs of discharge management practices in the county
and the three towns.
(vi) Cost Analysis of Flomelessness
Costs associated with the provision of housing and/or services for the homeless
population would be calculated based on various studies conducted at national,
regional, or state levels. These housing and service costs will be compared to
services utilized by unsheltered homeless persons or unsheltered homeless
persons with a special needs. From the above analysis the additional cost per
person to provide shelter and services would be calculated to assess the costs of
intervention.
(vii) Analysis of Potential Funding Sources
A survey of various community-based organizations would be conducted to
estimate the current level of funding to the homeless for Orange County and for
the three towns by income source, Based on the existing funding and need for
funding, potential funding sources would be identified to address the needs of
homeless populations.
5. Identification of Recurring Service Themes
Based on the research and interviews "recurring service themes" affecting the lives of
persons experiencing homelessness are identified. These recurring themes are the
services that are in high usage by the homeless population and the various subpopulations
in the conununity. These recurring themes also represent those services which address the
needs of homeless populations in five to ten years. Examples of service themes could
include supportive housing services and facilities, outreach, substance abuse treatment
services, prevention and intervention or early intervention.
6. Plan and Convene Public Forums and Worlc Groups
Based on the identified recurring themes, focus group participants would be clustered
into three or more work groups, Public forums or focus groups would be conducted for
each of the work areas. Each work group in the respective focus group session would
brainstorm and discuss service needs, funding, and public policies that are directly or
indirectly effecting the services. These work group sessions would propose and
recommend goals, strategies, and actions that may enhance or improve the services
pertaining to their work area.
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7. Identification of Broad Factors of Homelessness
From each work group a summary report would be produced which would directly
address the issues relevant to each significant issue related to homelessness in the
community. For example, the factors the work groups identify may include inadequate
service capacity or may point out some public policies that may impede the reasonable
development of services. These reports would also include actions proposed by each
work group pertaining to each work area.
8. Action Plan and Recommendations
A draft and final report would be developed which includes the process summary, reports
from work groups, and seven sections that result from the research input, as described in
the Research Input section. Goals, strategies, and actions including the source of funding
and timelines, would be provided for the following Strategy .Areas:
• Prevention Strategies
• Outreach/Intake/Assessment Strategies
• Emergency Shelter Strategies
• Transitional Housing Strategies
• Permanent Supportive Housing Strategies
• Supportive Services Strategies
• Permanent Affordable Housing Strategies
• Continuum of Care Systems Strategies
9. Development of a Marketing and Implementation Strategy
Based on the Action Plan recommendations, aMarketing and Implementation Strategy
would be created addressing threats and opportunities in meeting the goals listed in the
Action Plan..l-QUAD would act as the point of contact to coordinate various
development activities. The implementation strategy would outline the outreach activities,
Recommendations will be made in the areas of operations, marketing and advertising,
staffing and training, and budgeting.
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TIMELINE
Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness Timeline Total Hours
Research /Revie+v Sinvlar Communides'Plans ' 10/03-10/10/2DOS 40
nmer G,lleylur
Dar lar Fre,lerirk
Derck Hull
Ashram Cn/Amel!
Process Desl t4~ork Sessions and Intentiews 10/24 -YI/Il/2005 GO
Don lar Fmrle,irk
amen Gilleylen
Derek Hal!
Develo menrofProcessDesi 11/07-11/25/2005 40
amer Glllrylen_
Denk 1-lull
Lria Tnmayo
Yslanla orkrar
Research In ur 11/28-12/16/2005 60
Don lnr Frerluirk
Omer G/lle (err
Durk Hrdl
Liir Tamrrya
Autnnm Cnldmell
Prnln Mmnl aka
] olnnda ackran
IdentiLcadan olRecurtin Service Themes :70/03/2005-
>.01/06/2006
40
Dwi lnr FreAenrk
Omer Gil/ey/ur
Durk Fln!!
]'slmrln /arkran
Plan/Convene Public Forums and Work Gmu s ' 07/09-01/20/2006 60
Don lar Fn,lc,irk
anrer Gill lea
Lrir Tamnpa
IdentiLcadon ofBroadFacrors 07/23-07/27/2006 ' 27
Prat tl4andn aka
Ys/onAa nrkrwr
15
Autnnm Cn/Amrll
Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness(Cont'd) Timeline Total Hours
Action Plan andRecommendatians 0]/30-2/24/2006 90
amer Grl/e7Jen
Derck I-Lrl!
Lrrr T'nmmro
Yalnedn aekron
DCYCIO M.zrkedn /Im IemenrationSvate 02/73-3/73/2006 40
amer Gil! len
Derek Hnll
1`a/nndn nuUon
TOTAL 457
PROPOSED FEE $51,270
CHRONIC HOMELESSNESS
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Table of Executive Summary ................................................................................i
Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................1
1.1. Need for a Plan to End Chronic Homelessness
1,2, Definitions of homelessness ...................................................... .......2
1.3, Nature of Chronic Homelessness ..........................._,..,..,..,.,,.,, .......3
^ Nature of Chronic Homelessness in U.S ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,3
^ Nature of Chronic Homelessness in Texas ......................... .......4
^ Nature of Chronic Homelessness in Corpus Christi,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,5
1.4. Reasons for Homelessness ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,10
1.5. Factors Contributing to Homelessness ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,19
1,6. Cost of Homelessness ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,21
1.7. Steps Involved in Ending Chronic Homelessness ...................... .....25
2. Planning Process ........................................................................ .....30
2.1.Accomplishments ....................................................................... .....30
2,2, Survey and Focus Group ........................................................... .....33
3. Analysis of Chronic Homeless Services ................................... .....37
3.1. Chronic Homeless Services in Corpus Christi by Type of Service .37
3.2. Description of Chronic Homeless Services ................................ .....39
3.3. Inventory of Emergency, Transitional Shelters and Permanent
Supportive housing ................................................................... .....42
3.4, Gaps Analysis ............................................................................. ....45
4. Recommendations and Action Steps .............................................46
Homelessness According to the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, a
~ Chrome person is considered homeless who lacks a fixed, regular, and
Homelessness adequate night-time residence, or has a primary night-time residence
that is a shelter, an institution, or a place not ordinarily used for
sleeping. A chronically homelessness person, as defined by the
Department of Housing and Urban Development, is an
unaccompanied homeless individual with a disabling condition who
had been either continuously homeless for more than one year or
has had at least four episodes of homelessness in the past three
years,
Nature of According to the results of a survey conducted by National Survey of
Homelessness Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC) in 1996, 68
percent of the homeless population in U.S. were men. Homeless
clients were equal proportions of non-Hispanic whites and blacks.
About half of the people who experienced homelessness over the
course of a year were single adults and 38 percent of homeless
clients had less than high school education.
According to the results of a survey conducted by the Texas
Interagency Council for the Homeless in 1999, the number of
homeless in Texas was estimated to he about 200,000 people (1%
of the total population). About 1.5 percent reported being homeless
five years or longer (chronically homeless). Fifty-nine percent of the
sample were single men, Whites made up 48 percent of the
homeless population, with Hispanics at 26 percent, and African-
Americans at 21 percent, Of the homeless respondents, 46 percent
had less than a high school education, 25 percent had received
psychiatric treatment, and 28 percent had received substance abuse
treatment. The cause of homelessness was reported to be
unemployment by 19 percent of the homeless and 16 percent cited
an inability to pay rent or a mortgage.
Of the 260 homeless participants in a survey conducted by the
Homeless issues Partnership of Corpus Christi in 2003, nearly 39
percent were homeless for more than one year (chronically
homeless), Nearly 67 percent of the homeless were single adults, 68
percent were White, nearly 32 percent were Hispanic, and about 12
percent were African-American, Almost 80 percent of the homeless
were unemployed and almost 67 percent hatl less than a high school
education. About 23 percent of the homeless in the survey reported
having a physical disability, over 22 percent had a mental disability,
nearly 25 percent were alcohol abusers, and over 17 percent were
drug abusers. Over 55 percent of the homeless in the survey
reported needing far housing assistance, while .50 percent reported
needing employment.
Reasons of Lack of Affordable Housing- Typically, lower income groups are
Chronic much more likely to be financially burdened with their rent payments,
Homelessness
According to 2000 Census, over 65 percent of those earning less
than $10,000 per year paid more than 30 percent of their income on
housing in Corpus Christi. In the group earning $10,000 to $19,999
per year, more than 72 percent were in 30 percent cost burden. Of
those earning from $20,000 to $34,999 per year, over 31 percent of
households paid a high percentage of their income for housing
expenses.
Insufficient Income- According to 2000 Census, over 12 percent of
the households in Corpus Christi reported an income less than
$10,000, nearly 15 percent reported an income from $15,000 to
$25,000, and over 13 percent reported an income between $25,000
and $3.5,000. As reported by 2000 Census, the unemployment rate
in Corpus Christi was 7.19 percent.
Inadequate Services- According to 2000 Census, there were nearly
97,100 (35%) disabled people in Corpus Christi. Of them, over
23,560 persons had physical disability and nearly 14,160 had mental
disability. The 2000 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy
(CHAS) data reported that there were nearly 2,740 very low-income
elderly renters and 3,760 elderly owners in Corpus Christi. Lack of
adequate services and trained staff, in shelters and supportive
hcusing, force these individuals into institutions.
Factors Inadequate Discharge Planning- According to 2000 U.S. Census,
Contrbutit~ to in Corpus Christi, 1,287 people were in correctional institutions,
Chronic 1,702 were in nursing homes, and 14,156 were mentally disabled.
Homelessness
According to the data provided by the Urban Institute, among the
adults using homeless services, 31 percent reported a combination
of mental health and substance abuse problems (alcohol and/or
drugs) in 2003. According to the data provided by the Family
Qutreach Corpus Christi (FOCC), there were 1,261 confirmed cases
of child abuse and neglect, A large percentage of this population,
without an adequate housing or support, is likely to become
homeless.
Migration- In addition to native homeless persons, Corpus Christi
witnesses a migration of homeless persons from northern cities
during winter months,
Gost 01 Chronic According to the results of the research conducted by the Center for
Ha1nB18SSn83S Mental Health Policy and Services Research at University of
Pennsylvania in 2001, the service reductions resulting from
supportive housing were reported to save the public $12,145
annually, for each individual placed. About 95 percent of the cost
reductions are associated with reductions in healthcare and shelter
services.
Stops involved Step 1. Plan for Outcomes
in Endng - Collect much better data at the local level and
Chronic - Create a planning process that focuses on the outcome of
Homelessness
ending chronic homelessness,
Step 2. Close the Front Door
- To end chronic homelessness, mainstream programs must
prevent people from becoming homeless,
iv
- Discharge Planning should be improved, and
- The flow of incentives should favor helping people with the
most complex problems.
Step 3.Open the Back Door
- An adequate supply of appropriate housing should be
developed and subsidized,
- Quickly re-house homeless persons, and
- Specifically address the needs of the chronically homeless,
transitionally homeless, and episodically homeless.
Step 4. Build the Infrastructure
- Increase the supply of affordable housing,
- Increase incomes to pay for basic needs, and
- Build appropriate services,
Plannglg Homeless Issues Partnership Inc. (HIP) is the local homeless
PPOCBSS coalition in Corpus Christi and Nueces County. HIP facilitates the
Continuum of Care planning process, Corpus Christi recently passed
a 1/8-cent sales tax, which is estimated to generate $500,000 for
affordable housing developments for low-income residents. Over the
last three years, Corpus Christi has added 183 affordable homes, 30
are under construction by the Corpus Christi Housing Authority, and
30 new homes were completed by the Nueces County Community
Action Agency. Providers in the area have increased their
transitional housing bed-capacity by 13 beds. HIP conducted a
homeless survey involving 374 total participants in 2003. NIP and
United Way of the Coastal Bend conducted a Focus group forum on
,lune 10, 2003 involving more than 300 interested agencies,
v
brainstorming on various topics including: emergency prevention,
systems prevention, outreach, shorten homelessness, rapid re-
housing, services,
permanent housing, and income.
Analysis of An inventory of homeless service organizations in Corpus Christi is
Chronic provided in Section 3. As reported in the 2003 Continuum of Care,
HOmaIaSS there were a total of 523 beds in emergency shelters, 265 beds in
Services
transitional housing, and 90 beds in permanent supportive housing in
Corpus Christi, There was an unmet need of 1,222 beds in 2003,
Recommendations Table (i), on the following pages, shows the summary of goals,
~ Action Steps action steps, implementation timeline, and the participating agencies.
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.1. As reported by the Texas Interagency Council for the Homeless
Need for a Plan (TICH), there were 200,000 homeless people in Texas in 1999 (1% of
to End Chronic
HOInoI8SSI18SS the total population), According to the results of a homeless survey by
TICH in 2000, 15 percent of the survey participants were homeless for
more than five years. Texas had the third largest homeless population,
according to the 2000 Census, with 7,608 persons in emergency and
transitional shelters, behind New York (31,586) and California (27,701)
Corpus Christi reflects the complex characteristics and special needs of
all homeless people elsewhere in Texas. In 2004, 39 percent of the
participants in a homeless survey in Corpus Christi were chronically
homeless. The inability to provide for their own basic needs (housing,
food, clothing, medical care) is common to all chronic homeless people,
Some homeless people require limited assistance in order to regain
permanent housing and self-sufficiency, Others, especially people with
physical or mental disabilities, require extensive and long-term support.
Chronic homelessness is a complicated problem rising from the
changing social, economic, political, and cultural conditions of the past
20 to 25 years. This plan is an effort to make systemic changes and
integrate to the homeless services system in order to end chronic
homelessness in seven years, Following the initiative of the National
Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH), homeless service providers in
Carpus Christi have stepped forward in making the homeless assistance
system more outcome-driven by tailoring solution-oriented approaches
more directly to the needs of the various sub-populations of the
homeless.
1.G. Homelessness- According to the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless
Defm11;l0eS Of Assistance Act, a person is considered homeless who:
Homelessness
~ Chronic Lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence; or
Homelessness Has a primary night-time residency that is:
o A supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed
to provide temporary living accommodations;
o An institution that provides temporary residence for
individuals intended to be institutionalized; or,
o A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used
as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.
Chronically Homelessness- Chronic homelessness, as defined by the
Department of Housing and Urban Development, is an unaccompanied
homeless individual with a disabling condition who has been either
continuously homeless for more than one year or has had at least four
episodes of homelessness in the past three years.
The definition most commonly applied in determining whether someone
is homeless is the lack of "regular and customary access to a
conventional dwelling unit" (National Coalition for the Homeless, 1989).
Because of the cyclical nature of homelessness for many, the National
Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty has suggested athree-part
definition for homelessness:
2
Chronically homeless- An average of two episodes, lasting a total of
650 days (National l-aw Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 2001).
Episodically homeless- Four to five episodes of homelessness lasting
a total of 265 days.
Transitionally homeless- A single episode of homelessness lasting an
average of 58 days.
1.3. In order to end chronic homelessness, it is necessary to understand the
Nature of needs and characteristics of the sub-populations of this large group. The
Chronic most significant sub-groups are people who experience chronic
Hom®lassnass homelessness as part of a family group and those who are single adults.
Nature of Chronic Homelessness in U.S- According to the results of a
survey conducted by National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers
and Glients (NSHAPG) in 1996;
o Sixty-eight percent of the homeless population in IJ.S. were men,
o Among the homeless population in families, 84 percent were
women,
o Homeless clients are roughly equal proportions of non-Hispanic
whites and blacks (41 and 40 percent, respectively), with 11
percent Hispanic, eight percent Native Americans, and one
percent "other",
o Twenty-four percent of the homeless population and 46 percent
of the clients in homeless facilities were married or separated.
About half of the people who experienced homelessness over the
course of a year were single adults, and
3
^ Thirty-eight percent of homeless clients have dropped out of high
school, while a high school diploma is the highest level of
completed education for 34 percent.
Nature of Chronic Homelessness in Texas- According to the results
of a survey conducted by the Texas Interagency Council for the
Homeless in 1999:
^ The number of homeless in Texas was estimated to be about
200,000 people, or about one percent of the state's population,
^ Forty-eight percent of the sample reported being homeless for six
months or less, but 15 percent reported being homeless five
years or longer (chronically homeless),
^ Men made up 65 percent of the sample. Fifty-nine percent of the
sample were single men, 18 percent were single women, and 23
percent were families,
^ Whites made up 48 percent, Hispanic 26 percent, African-
American 21 percent, American Indian three percent, "other"
two percent, and Asian one percent,
^ Forty-six percent of the respondents had less than a high school
education,
^ Forty-one percent of the homeless surveyed reported being
employed and, of those unemployed, 44 percent had only been
without a job for six months or less,
^ Veterans comprised of 24 percent of the homeless
population,
4
^ Twenty-five percent of the homeless population had
received psychiatric treatment and 28 percent had
received substance abuse treatment,
^ Fifteen percent of the homeless population had been in foster
care as a child, and
^ The cause of homelessness was reported to be unemployment
by 19 percent of the homeless, 16 percent cited an inability to
pay rent or a mortgage, and 10 percent of the sample cited
domestic violence as the reason (88 percent of those were
women).
Nature of Chronic Homelessness in Corpus Christi- A homeless
survey conducted by the Homeless Issues Partnership in 2003 included
374 participants, of wham 260 were self-described as homeless. The
percentages shown in the results pertain to only the homeless
population in the survey. Due to the methodology used to conduct the
survey, the results of the survey may not be generalized to the total
homeless population of the city. But the figures should certainly give an
idea of the nature of homelessness in Corpus Christi. The following are
the results of the survey:
^ Nearly 39 percent were homeless for more than one year
(chronically homeless),
^ Over 72 percent of the homeless population were men and 24.56
percent of were women,
^ Nearly 67 percent of the homeless were single adults,
^ Sixty-eight percent of the homeless were White, nearly 32
percent were Hispanic, and 11.9 percent were African-American,
5
^ Nearly 80 percent of the homeless population were unemployed,
^ Over seven percent of the homeless were in foster care as a
child,
^ Nearly 67 percent of the homeless had less than a high school
education,
^ Nearly 13 percent of the homeless had at least four episodes of
homelessness,
^ Nearly 23 percent of the homeless in the survey reported having
a physical disability, over 22 percent had a mental disability,
nearly 25 percent were alcohol abusers, over 17 percent were
drug abusers, and NIV and domestic violence cases accounted
for three percent each, and
^ Over 55 percent of the homeless in the survey reported the need
for housing assistance, nearly .50 percent reported the need for
employment, over 47 percent reported the need for
transportation, nearly 38 percent reported the need for
healthcare, nearly 25 percent reported the need for shelter, over
18 percent needed assistance with legal services, nearly 18
percent reported the need for mental health services, nearly 12
percent needed case management, over five percent needed
childcare services, and nearly five percent needed other
services.
Charts 1 through 7, on the following pages, provide the facts and
figures of the survey.
6
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 1: Homelessness by Age Range in Adults,
Corpus Christi, 2003
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 2: Homelessness by Family Size, Corpus Christi, 2003
7
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 3: Homelessness by Education Level. Corpus Christi. 2003
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 4: Frequency of Homelessness, Corpus Christi, 2003
s
<1
48 and more 14.07%
20.00%
36-07 1-2
_
1.48% \ 8.52%
26-34
~'
4.44%~ " ~ ;r,.,
13-24 3-6
14 45% 22 96%
7-12
14.07%
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 5: Duration of Homelessness (in months), Corpus Christi, 2003
-
° --
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----
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Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 6: Special Needs, Corpus Christi, 2003
9
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Need for Assistance
Source: Homeless Issues Partnership
Chart 7: Need for Assistance, Corpus Christi, 2003
According to the 2000 U.S Census, 272 people were in emergency and
transitional shelters in the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Qf that number 24 (8.8%) were under 18 years of age. Comparing to
national figures, 43,887 (25.7°/D) of the population in the U.S, in
emergency antl transitional shelters were under 18 years of age. A total
of 170,706 people were in emergency antl transitional shelters in US in
2000,
1'4' Lack of Affordable Housing- Most chronic homeless persons da
Reasons of not earn enough to cover the basic needs of living, such as food and
Chronic
Nom®lessness clothing, while others have very-low incomes, just enough to sustain
themselves. Paying mortgage or market rate rent would be
impossible in their economic condition.
Table 1, an the following page, provides details on rents paid by income
group. As logic would indicate, lower income groups are much more
10
likely to be financially burdened with their rent payments, As shown in
the table, over 65 percent of those earning less than $10,000 per year
paid more than 30 percent of their income on housing. The next income
group up, $10,000 to $19,999 per year, show an even higher cost
burden. ~f this category, more than 72 percent pay more than 30
percent of their income on housing expenses. In the next income
category, $20,000 to $34,999 per year, over 31 percent of households
paid a high percentage of their income for housing expenses. Qnly the
in upper income levels (household incomes over $75,000) did no
households exceed the 30 percent level in housing expenses.
Less than $10K' 7,687 100,0% $20K to $34 999 10,051 100.0% $50K to $74 999 4,718 100.0% $100K or more `907 100.0%
Less than 20% 538 7.U% Less than 20% 2,038 20.3% less than 20% 3,677 77 9% Less than 20% 812 89 5%
20 to 24°/a 352 4 6% 2010 24% 2,290 22 8% 20 to 24% 631 13A% 20 t0 24% 24 2.6%
25 to 29% 394 51 % 2510 29% 2,083 20 7% 25 to 29% 136 2 9% 25 to 29% 0 0.U%
3010 34% 322 4 2% 30 to 34% 1,417 14.1% 30 fo 34% i6 0.3% 30 to 34% 0 0 0°/a
35%ormore 4,692 61.0% 35%ormore 1,743 17.3% 35%ormore 35 0.7% 35%ormore 0 0.0%
Not com uted 1,389 16.1% Not com uted 480 4.8% Not com uted 223 4.7% Not com uted 71 7.8%
$10K to $19,999" 8,868 100.0% $35K to $49,999 8,266 100.0% $75K to $99 999 1,335 900.0% All Inc. Grou s ' 39,852 100.0%
Less than 20% 801 9 0% Less than 20% 3,214 51.3% less than 20% 1,175 88 0% Less than 20% 12,255 30.8%
20 to 24% 536 61 % 20 to 24% 1,827 29..2% 20 to 24% 49 3 7% 20 to 24% 5,711 14,3%
25 to 29% 746 8 4% 25 to 29% 593 9 5% 25 to 29% 27 2.U% 25 to 29% 3,981 10.0%
30 to 34% 927 10 4% 3010 34% 191 3-0% 30 to 34% U 0.U% 30 to 34% 2,873 7 2%
35% or more 5,486 61.7% 35% or more 168 2.7% 35% or more 0 0 0% 35% or more 12,124 30 4%
Not com uted 388 4.4% Not com uted 273 4.4% Not com uted 84 6.3% Not com uted 2,908 7.3%
Source: 2000 U.S. Census
Table 1: Percent of Household Income for Rent by Income Group (data from sample)
Insufficient Income- The mast significant factor facing households
when considering housing affordability and availability is income. The
median household income (MHI) for residents of Corpus Christi, as
11
reported in the 2000 U.S, Census, was $36,414, In 2000, over 12
percent of the households in Corpus Christi reported an income less
than $10,000, nearly 15 percent reported an income from $15,000 to
$25,000, and over 13 percent reported an income between $25,000 and
$35,000.
Just aver 33 percent of African-American households reported an
income below $15,000 in 2000, compared to over 13 percent of White
households and 24 percent for Hispanic households, Over 31 percent of
the total African-American population lived in poverty in 2000, compared
to only 8.99 percent of the White population and 22.89 percent of the
Hispanic population. Over 40 percent of African-American children
below the age of 5 and 30.3 percent of Hispanic children below the age
of 5 lived in poverty, compared to 9.1 percent of White children.
Nearly 50 percent of the homeless population in the survey reported a
need for employment assistance in Corpus Christi. Overall,
unemployment in Corpus Christi stood at 7,2 percent in 2000,
As Table 2, on the following page, illustrates, the White non-Hispanic
unemployment rate was 4.6 percent, while Hispanics reported a nine
percent rate and African-Americans a 12,7 percent rate.
12
# Unem to ed Unem io moot Rate
Corpus Christi 9.379 7.79%
White 2.582 4.60%
Hispanic 5,858 896°
Black 697 12.65°
Source: 2000 U.S Census
Table 2: Unemployment
Maps 1,2, antl 3, an the following pages, show the median household
income, cost burden, and rent burden in Corpus Christi by census tract.
13
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Inadequate Services- Chronic homeless people often have to deal with
physical or mental disabilities, physical or mental illness, alcohol and
drug abuse, or domestic violence. According to 2000 Census, over
23,560 persons (8.5%) in Corpus Christi had a physical disability, over
21,670 (7.8%) had a work disability, nearly 14,160 (5.1%) had a mental
disability, over 10,750 (3.9%) had a sensory disability, and nearly 7,890
(2.8%) had aself-care disability. There were nearly 97,100 (35%)
disabled people in the city in 2000. People with chronic disabilities
usually have greater service and support needs compared to people
with physical, mental, or addiction disorders. Some of the local shelters
in Carpus Christi are not accessible (eg: Metro Ministries Shelter for
Women) or the staff at local shelters are not trained to work with
disabled persons. Hence, homeless people with disabilities are forced
needlessly into institutions to access services, when they could live in
the community with appropriate services and support.
According to the U.S. Census, from 1970 to 1980, the population age 60
to 64 in Corpus Christi grew by over 1,250, compared to an increase of
over 6,500 for the population group 65 years and over. This compares to
increases of 1,692 and 6,826 from 1980 to 1990, respectively, for the
same population groups. From 1990 to 2000, the age 60 to 64
population dropped by 481, compared to an increase of over 5,130 for
the population group 65 years and over. It is anticipated that supportive
services for the elderly would increase locally, as well as nationwide, as
the "baby boomer" generation approaches retirement age. Table 3, on
the following page, shows the number of households by income group
for the lower-income elderly population.
17
-Low- Moderate
Ve Lowlncome Income Income
Elderly Renters and ' 0 to 50% ' b to 30% ' 31 to 50% 51 to 80% 81 to 95% Total
Owners MFI 'MFI "MFI 'MFI MFI Households
Renters 1 8 2 member
households 2,736 1,627 1,109 847 4,932 11,251
Owners 3,759 1,942 1,817 2,499 14,548 24,565
Source: The Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) 2000 data
Table 3: Number of Elderly by income group
Nearly 35 percent of the city's population had a drinking problem in
2000, The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimates
the number of adult men with a drinking problem at 15 percent antl that
of adult women at 6 percent. These percentages, applied to Corpus
Christi, would yield a population total of 28,858 persons. From the data
provided to Hl1D as a part of Supportive Housing Program grant
application, shown in Table 4,
from 2003 Continuum of Care
data, a total of 44 persons
reported chronic homelessness,
of which 20 homeless people
were unsheltered, 52 homeless
persons were seriotasly mentally
ill, 86 homeless persons had
chronic substance abtase
Sheltered
.hronic Homelessness 24'
eriously Mentally III 62
hronic Substance Abuse 86
eterans 67
Persons with HIV/AIDS 9
ictims of Domestic Violence 22
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
"Twenty more were reported to be
unsheltered chronic homeless
problems, 22 persons reported Table 4: Homeless
domestic violence, antl nine Subpopulation
homeless persons reported
having HIV/AIDS.
18
1.5. Inadequate Discharge Planning- When people are released from
Factors public institutions or public systems of care without adequate discharge
Contributing to punning, they are more likely to become homeless, The populations
Chronic included in this category would be people discharged out of correctional
Nomelessnoss
institutions, hospitals, mental health institutions, and children aging out
of foster care,
Prisons- According to the Justice Policy Institute, which supports
alternatives to prison, the annual growth rate of Texas' prison population
was 11,8 percent during the 1990s, representing one in every five
inmates added to the nation's prisons, Texas' prison population of
163,190 had surpassed California's, 163,067. California's population of
32 million is almost twice that of Texas. According to the statistics from
the Urban Institute, anon-partisan economic and social policy research
organization, 58,949 prisoners were released from Texas prisons in
2002, nearly six times the number of prisoners released in 1980
(10,636).
According to the results of Census Bureau National Survey of Homeless
Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC) conducted in 1996, among
2,938 homeless clients in the survey, 49 percent reported having spent
five or more days in jail, 18 percent spent time in state or federal prison,
and 16 percent spent time in juvenile detention before 18 years of age.
In Texas, the population in correctional institutions increased from
94,257 to 244,363, an increase of over 159 percent. According to 2000
U,S. Census, the population in correctional institutions in Corpus Christi
19
was 1,287. A large percentage of this population, without adequate
housing supply or support services, are likely to become homeless,
Hospitals- According to the US Census, the number of people in
nursing homes in Corpus Christi decreased between 1990 and 2000
from 1,856 to 1,702, a drop of 8,3 percent, According to Census,
nationally, 46 percent of homeless persons have one or more chronic
health problems and 26 percent have at least one acute infectious
condition, Homeless persons are likely to have longer length of stay at
hospitals and nursing homes and repeated visits to emergency rooms.
Mental Health Institutions- Nueces County uses 30 to 31 beds at the
San Antonio State Hospital daily. According to 2000 Census, 14,156 or
5.6 percent of the population in Corpus Christi were mentally disabled.
Of 7,750 mentally disabled persons between the ages 16 to 64, nearly
7.5 percent were not employed. According to the statistics provided by
the Texas Alliance for Human Needs, Nueces County MHMR's ratio is
10 beds/100,000 population, According to the data provided by the
Urban Institute, 46 percent reported chronic physical conditions, Among
adults using homeless services, 31 percent reported a combination of
mental health and substance abuse problems (alcohol and/or drugs)
within the past year. Furthermore, 15 percent reported only mental
health problems.
Foster Care- According to data provided by Family Outreach Corpus
Christi (FOCC), there were 4,997 alleged victims of child abuse and
neglect and 291 children were removed from their homes in Nueces
20
County in 2001, There were 1,261 confirmed cases of child abuse and
neglect,
Migration- Corpus Christi is the largest city in Nueces County,
containing over 88 percent of the total county population, according to
the 2000 Census. The rural areas of the county (outside Corpus Christi)
showed a population decline from 1980, indicating migration from the
smaller communities into Corpus Christi, This pattern of migration into
larger urban areas in search of better employment opportunities and
public assistance is typical statewide. In addition to native homeless
persons, Corpus Christi witnesses a migration of homeless persons from
northern cities during winter months. Southern cities typically experience
an increase in demand at homeless facilities during the winter as
individuals and families escape the rigors of northern winters.. This
increase adds to the local burden of addressing chronic homelessness
as the responsibility shifts south,
1.6. Since chronically homeless persons have no regular place to stay, they
Cost iof Chrome use a variety of public systems in an inefficient and costly way, The cast
NOIn81835n8SS of chronic homelessness can be quite high, particularly for those with
long-term illnesses. The following are same of the costs of chronic
homelessness.
Table 5, on the following page, shows the average cost per person
involved in the consumption of public services by the homeless
population according to a study conducted by the Center for Mental
Health Policy and Services Research at the University of Pennsylvania,
21
Service Provider Mean `
Da s Used Per Diem
' 1999$ Cost '
2 Yrs Cost Per'
Year
Dept. of Homeless Services 137 $68 $9,316 $4,658
Ofrice Mental Heallh 57.3 $437 $25,040 $12,520
Health and Hosp Corp. 16.5 $755 $12,458 $6,229
Medicaid-Inpatient 35.3 $657 $23,192 $11,596
Medicaid-Outpatient 62.2 $84 $5,225 $2,612
Veterans Administration 78 $467 $3,643 $1,821
Dept. of Corrections (State) 9.3 $79 $735 $367
De t. of Cortections Ci 10 $129 $1,290 $645
Total ` $8D,898 $40,449
Source: "The Impact of Supportive Housing for Homeless People with Severe Mental
Illness on the Utilization of the Public Health, Corrections, and Emergency Shelter
Systems: The New York•New York Initiative", Dennis P Cuihane, Stephen
Metraux, and Trevor Hadley, Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research,
University of Pennsylvania, May 2001
Table 5: Cost of Services Used by the Chronically
Homeless Population Prior to Housing Placement
According to the research, the savings from service use reductions and
the costs of creating supportive housing showed a significant savings.
The service reductions resulting from supportive housing were reported
tD save the public $12,145 annually for each individual placed.
22
Table 6, below, summarizes estimates of Gost reductions in service
utilization, based on prelpost placement comparisons, and as adjusted
by case-control regression analyses. Results indicate that placement in
supportive housing is associated with a $12,145 net reduction in health,
corrections, and shelter service use annually per person, over each of
the first two years of the intervention. About 95 percent of the cost
reductions are associated with reductions in health and shelter services.
Criminal justice system casts account for the remaining 4.5 percent of
the total cost reductions associated with a supportive housing
placement.
Service Provider
Days Saved
2 Years Cost
Reduction
95%
Per Diem
$ Cost
Reduction
2 Years Annual '
Cost
reduction
Dept of Homeless Services 82.9 77 4-88 5 $68 $5,637 $2,819
Office of Mental Health 28.2 20 8-35 6 $437 $12,323 $6,162
Health and Hosp Corp 3.5 2-5 $755 $2,643 $1,321
Medicaid-Inpatient 8 6 4 2-13 $657 $5,650 $2,825
Medicaid-Outpatient (visits) -072 -29.8 $84 -$3,965 -$1,982
Veterans Administration t 9 0 7-3 $467 $887 $444
Dept of Corrections (State) 7 9 4 8-11 $79 $624 $312
Dept. of Gorrections (City) 3 8 1.8-5 8 $129 $490 $245
Total $24,290 $12,145
Source: "The Impact of Supportive Housing for Homeless People v6th Severe Mental Illness on the
Utilization of fhe Public Health, Corrections, and Emergency Shelter Systems: The New York-New
York Initiative", Dennis P Culhane, Stephen McUaux, and Trevor Hadley, Center for Mental Health
Policy and Services Research, University of Pennsylvania, May 2001
Table 6: Cost Reductions Associated with Reductions in Service Use
Attributed to Supportive Housing
23
Lost Opportunity- Perhaps the most difficult cost to quantify is the loss
of future productivity. Decreased health and more time spent in jails or
prisons means that homeless people have more obstacles to
contributing to society through their work and creativity. Homeless
children also face barriers with respect to education. Because many
homeless children have such poor educational experiences, their future
productivity and career prospects may suffer. This makes the effects of
chronic homelessness much longer lasting than just the time spent in
shelters.
Since the demographics of chronic homelessness, and therefore its
solutions, vary in every locality, ending chronic homelessness requires
the development of local plans to systematically and quickly re-house
those who lose their housing. Replacement housing should be
permanent -- having no artificial limits on how long a person can stay. If
an individual or family requires some type of temporary housing such as
residential treatment (for illness) or residential separation (for victims of
domestic violence, for chronically homeless people, for people in
recovery), such interim housing should be firmly linked to eventual
placement in permanent housing.
24
1.7. Strategies listed in NAEH's Report "A Plan Not a Dream. How to
Stops involved in End Chronic Homelessness in 10 Years"
Entling Chronic
Homelessness To end chronic homelessness in ten years, the fallowing four steps
should betaken, simultaneously.
Step 1. Plan for outcomes
- Col/ecf much betfer data of the local level- Build up solid
information regarding the needs and characteristics of chronic
homelessness, causes of chronic homelessness, mainstream
assistance they receive, antl the effectiveness of assistance on a
program-by-program basis. This information helps to assess the gap
between the assistance available and the need.
- Create a planning process that focuses on fhe outcome of
ending chronic homelessness- Planning efforts should be
extended to create afull-spectrum, chronic homeless assistance
system, which manages people's experience with chronic
homelessness. Development of long-term plans is essential to re-
house chronically homeless persons involving agencies and
programs far beyond the scope of the homeless assistance
providers,
Step 2. Close the Front Door
- To end chronic homelessness, mainstream programs must
prevent people from becoming homeless- The homeless
assistance system ends homelessness for several people every day,
25
but they are quickly replaced by others, Chronic homelessness can
be prevented by making mainstream poverty programs mare
accountable for the outcomes experienced by their most vulnerable
clients and wards, Chronic homelessness can be ended by working
to prevent people from becoming homeless, by closing the front
door.
- Discharge Planning should be improved- People who become
homeless are almost always clients of public systems of care and
assistance. These include the mental health system, the public
health system, the welfare system, and the veterans system, as well
as the criminal justice and child protective service systems (including
foster care).
- The flow of incentives should favor helping the people with the
mosf complex problems- As in many other social areas,
investment in prevention holds the promise of saving money on
expensive systems of remedial care, Support should be extended to
low-income families who are "at risk", preventing children from
ending up in foster care, providing critical services and treatment for
those with substance abuse problems and mental illness,
Step 3.Opan the Back Door
- An adequate supply of appropriate housing should be
developed and subsidized- Where chronic homeless people
faced with a shortage of affordable housing, new development
should be facilitated and accelerated. Where there is no housing, an
26
adequate supply of appropriate housing should be developed and
subsidized,
- Quickly re-house homeless- A key step in ending chronic
homelessness is to quickly re-house everyone who becomes
homeless -open the back door out of homelessness. Different
subpopulations of chronic homeless people require different housing
strategies. The two major groups to consider are homeless families
and homeless single adults. Both groups face system-based barriers
to "getting out the back door"
- Specifically address the needs of the chronically homeless,
transitionally homeless, and episodically homeless-
Permanent supportive housing and housing with appropriate and
available services and supports for chronically homeless persons.
The chronically homeless represent 10 percent of the single
adult homeless population, which itself represents
approximately 5Q percent of homeless people, over time, Few
people in this chronic group are likely to ever generate
significant earnings through wages. The chronically homeless
require long term subsidization of both housing and services
because of their disabilities. Permanent supportive housing and
housing with appropriate and available services and supports
are highly successful in stabilizing this population.
A flexible strategy to address housing needs and treatment needs for
the episodically homeless.
27
The people who use homeless shelters, repeatedly, often
called the episodically homeless group, constitute
approximately 9 percent of the homeless single adult
population in the US, This group has a high public cost when
housed in a shelter because its members seem to interact
frequently with other very costly public systems. Many are
active users of substances, They are typically young, relative to
the chronically homeless group. This group requires a flexible
strategy that addresses bath their housing needs (both when in
treatment and in relapse) and their need for treatment.
"Housing Firsf"Approach for fhe fransitional(y homeless,
Those who have relatively short stays in the homeless
assistance system, exit it and return infrequently, are called the
"transitionally" homeless. The majority of families and single
adults who become homeless fall into this category, They have
had a housing crisis that has resulted in their homelessness,
The Alliance recommends a "dousing First" approach for most
families, The strategies to end transitional homelessness
should primarily focus on housing services, to clear barriers
such as poor tenant history, poor credit history, etc, Secondly,
case management should be provided to ensure that families
are receiving public benefits, to identify service needs, and to
connect tenants with community-based services, Finally, follow-
up actions need to be provided to work with tenants after they
are in housing to avert crises that threaten housing stability and
to problem-solve.
zs
Step 4. Build the Infrastructure
Though various systems have been improved that prevent
homelessness, the root causes of the crisis lies in three facts,
- Increase the supply of affordable housing.
People become chronically homeless because of the lack of
affordable housing. The supply of housing that is affordable and
available to low-income people should be increased. In addition,
subsidies that allow people to achieve stability in decent housing
should be regarded as goad investments in a productive society,
- Increase in incomes to pay for basic needs.
Low-Income groups are at a large disadvantage in the recent
downturn of economy, Most importantly, any benefit they may
experience is not adequate to meet the increasing cost of housing.
There is a surging need for efforts to create a wage and benefits that
allow households to pay for basic expenses, including housing, food,
and health care.
- Building appropriate services.
Those with the lowest incomes rely on public systems to supply
medical care, job training, education, mental health treatment,
childcare, substance abuse treatment, transportation, and many
other services. Those systems are almost uniformly overburdened
and in many cases are not keeping up with new demands. These
public systems require realistic funding and good policies to address
new challenges.
29
2.1- Homeless Issues Partnership Inc, (NIP) is the local homeless coalition in
Accompiishm®~rts Corpus Christi and Nueces County, HIP facilitates the Continuum of Care
planning process. As per 2003 Continuum of Care, the following are
specific actions that the community has taken over the past year to end
chronic homelessness:
Using HUD funds to leverage additional funds:
Carpus Christi passed a 1/8 cents sales tax, which is estimated to
generate $500,000 for affordable housing developments for low-income
residents.
Create a housing fund that would allow local agencies to access and
secure permanent housing:
Final decision is still pending from Corpus Christi Business and Job
Development Corporation Board,
Build permanent housing:
Qver the last three years Corpus Christi has added 183 affordable
homes, 30 are under construction by the Corpus Christi Housing
Authority, and 30 new homes were completed by the Nueces County
Community Action Agency. The Carpus Christi Housing Authority has
purchased land to construct 230 affordable rental units.
Increase housing knowledge and capacity among community-based
mental health service providers:
30
Plans to provide training by July 2005.
Develop 250 new fully case-managed transitional housing beds:
Providers in the area have increased their bed-capacity by 13 beds.
Develop 63 new units of permanent supportive housing by 2013:
little headway has been made; new ad-hoc group emerged with a goal
of developing permanent housing for Veterans in Corpus Christi.
Table 7, on the following page, shows the agencies participating in the
Continuum of Care System by service activity.
31
ty Assistance
;es County Community Action Agency-Tract 16
:es County Department of Human Services
Women's Shelter of South Texas
stal Bend of Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Center
olic Social Services
m's Ministries
incept de Paul
taUMortgage Assistance
Women's Shelter of South Texas
stal Bend of Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Center
ius Christi Metro Ministries
:es Couni Department of Human Services
:es County Community Action Agency
irgency Assistance
ws Christi McVo Ministries
Salvation Army
m's Ministries
.s for Success
dwill Industries of South Texas
d Samariton Rescue Mission
ion 911
Food Bank of Corpus Christi
colic Social Services
Ark for youth
house
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Women's Shelter of South Texas
stal Bend Aids Foundation
American Red Cross
ley Community Center
as Department of Human Services
;y Family Foundation (FJ~ for Youth)
eran Social Services (F1~ for Youth)
~R of Nueces County
Council on Alcoholand Drug Abuse-Coastal Bend
Salvation Army
sy Family Services
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
ARK Assessment Center
d Veterans Administration
Women's Shelter of South Texas
Su ortServices __
Consumer Credit Counseling Services of South Texas
rue's Place
slat Bend of Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Center
Council on Alcoholand Drug Abuse-Coastal Bend
h Texas Substance Abuse Recovery Services
dR of Nueces County
slat Plains MHMR
in Memorial Psych Triage Unit
slat Bend of Aids Foundation
ley Community Center
Workforce network
dwill Industries of South Texas
as Workforce Commission
stal bend Workfome Center
3s Rehab Commission
rus Christi Metro Ministries
d Samariton Rescue Mission
/ Mc Leod Bethone Day nursary
copal Transportation Authority
3s Rural legal Aid
ie Victim Services
Soume: 2003 Continuum of care
Table 7: Service Activity by Fundamental Components of CoC System
32
2.[. Corpus Christi conducted a homeless survey involving 374 total
Survey and participants of whom 260 persons self described as homeless. The
Focus Group results of the survey were described in Section 1.3 of the report.
According to the HIP Point-in-Time survey conducted on January 29,
2003, 44 of the 281 individuals were chronically homeless. HIP and
United Way of the Coastal Bend conducted a Focus group forum on
June 10, 2003 involving more than 300 interested agencies. Forty-three
participants were divided into eight groups, which brainstormed to
outline strategies to address chronic homelessness. Each group focused
on a single area, including:
i) Emergency Prevention,
ii) Systems Prevention,
iii) Outreach,
iv) Shorten Homelessness,
v) Rapid Re-Housing,
vi) Services,
vii) Permanent Housing, and
viii) Income.
i) Emergency Prevention
This group suggested that HIP, United Way, and Caller Times should
work on developing a resource list consisting of agencies that assist with
rental, mortgage, and/or utility payments. The list should be made
available to the community by June 2004. A central tracking system
needs to be developed by HIP, the City, and the County, which can track
clients for services, by June 2004.
33
ii) System Prevenfion
Participants of this group indicated that HIP, along with the City and the
County, should assess the problem and population initiating a citywide
effort with the media, police, and hospitals. A 24-hour real time
information line and web site needs to be developed for information
dissemination by the United Way Info Line, Grunwald, the media, social
service agencies, and the City by May 2004. An assessment team
involving members from jail, police, hospitals, judicial services,
community services, and shelters needs to estimate the population who
reject help and adequate case management services needs to be
planned by May 2004. The group also suggested that the City should
work with local contractors and Builder's Association to provide
affordable and accessible rental housing.
iii) Outreach
The main concern of this group was the lack of etluration among the
homeless about specific community resources. The solution suggested
was dissemination of information through brochures, outreach by
caseworkers, and by establishing aone-stop referral site. HIP should
offer incentives to gain participation in the continuum of care process.
HIP should implement and maintain the Homeless Management
Information System (HMIs) for universal intake and referral by 2004.
HIP should work with the local contractors and various agencies for
appropriate referrals having a Housing First case management
approach.
34
iv) Shorten Homelessness
This group pointed out that HIP should identify and secure landlords
willing to participate in the development of scattered site transitional
housing by April 2006. HIP should also focus on improving the homelike
setting within the shelter system by conducting a survey among the
shelter residents and networking with all shelters and various agencies.
v) Rapid Rehousing
Participants of this group suggested that all agencies present in the
focus group need to collaborate in improving 24-hour services, better
transportation, and agency communications. Catholic Charities should
provide education on responsible tenant practices by providing quarterly
training sessions and one-on-one appointments. Ongoing counseling
sessions should be conducted by Consumer Credit Counseling.
vi) Services
The group suggested that HIP should take the lead in collaborating and
partnering case management services. MHMR, Catholic Charities, AA
Council on A&D, and various other agencies should provide counseling
and group support. Within one-year Goodwill industries, Workforce
(TWC), Consumer Credit Counseling, and Delmar should provide
various employment and educational services which fosterjob retention.
vii) Permanent Housing
Provision of affordable, accessible, and fair housing was the major
suggestion by this group. This group also suggested that a law should
35
be passed and enforced for mandatory rehabilitation within two to four
years.
viii) Income
Participants of this group suggested that there should be an ongoing
effort to link the chronically homeless with benefits and/or employment.
HIP should work with Goodwill, Workforce, and TSA to enhance the
collaborative referral system between agencies. Also, it was suggested
that all service providing agencies should educate former clients towards
available education programs, job opportunities, and increasing job skills
in two years. All the above services should be provided through a
network within five to seven years.
36
3.1. Job Skills Training and Employment Child Care
Chronic
Nomeless
Sorvioes n
Corpus Christi
6y Type of
Service
Nueces County MHMR
Goodv~ill Industries of South Texas
Texas Workforce Commission
Coastal Bend Workforce Center
Texas Rehab Commission
Corpus Christi Metro Ministdes
Good Samaritan Rescue Mission
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Nueces County Community Action Agency
Wesley Community Center
Mary McLeod Bethune Day Nursery
Advocacy
Nueces County MHMR
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Nueces County Community Action Agency
The Women's Shelter
Texas Rural legal Aid
Accessible Communities, inc. Coastal Bend
Center for Independent Living
Accessible Communities, inc. Coastal
Bend Center for Independent Living
Youth Services
Nueces County MHMR
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Nueces County Community Action Agency
The Women's Shelter
Counseling
Nueces County MHMR
GuIF Coast Council of La Raza
Nueces County Community Action Agency
The Women's Shelter
Consumer credit Counseling Services of South
Texas
Crime Victim services
Accessible Communities, inc Coastal Bend
Center for Independent Living
Transportation
The Regional Transportation Authority
37
Education
Wesley Community Center
Adult Learning Center
The Texas Workforce Commission
The Workforce Network
Food
The Women's Shelter
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries
Nueces County Community Action Agency
The Women's Shelter
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries
Chronic
Nomoloss
Servic®s ~
Corpus Christi
6y Typo of
Service
[Cont'd]
Utility Assistance
Nueces County Community Action Agency
The Women's Shelter of South Texas
Coastal Bend of Alcohol and Dmg
Catholic Social Services
Timon's Ministries
St Vincent de Paul
RentallMortgage Assistance
The Women's Shelter of South Texas
Coastal Bend of Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation
Center
Corpus Christi Metro Ministdes
Nueces County Department of Human Services
Nueces County Community Acton Agency
Catholic Social Services
Outreach
MHMR of Nueces County
The Council on Alcohol and Drug Abuse-Coastal
Bend
The Salvation Army
Casey Family Services
The Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
The ARK Assessment Center
Local Veterans Administration
The Women's Shelter of South Texas
HIPDdscoll Children's Hospital
38
Health Services
Nueces County MHMR
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Nueces County Community Aclion Agency
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries
Coastal Bend AIDS Foundation
Coastal Plains MHMR
Spohn Memorial Psych Tdage Unit
Clothing
The Women's Shelter
The Salvation Army
Timon's Ministries
Dress for Success
DruglAlcohol Detox
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Charlie's Place
Coastal Bend Alcohol and Drug
Rehabilitation Center
South Texas Substance Abuse Recovery
Services
3.2. Salvation Army: Nueces County
Dosoription Salvation Army; Nueces County offers shelter for women or survivors of
of Chronic domestic violence, mentally ill, veterans, elderly families, parolees / ex-
Homoinss
Sorvicos n convicts, children, unaccompanied youth, and substance abuse adults.
Corpus Ch'isti The organization has about 90 beds.
Dos Mundos Day School
Dos Mundos Day School offers transitional housing, The center has a
current enrollment of about 108 children, from infants to age 12. About 30
percent of the children are homeless and 60 percent are low-income.
The ARK Assessment Center & Emergency Shelter for Youth
The ARK provides services for 13 children and youth. The focus of this
organization is to serve children and youth in Corpus Christi and the
Coastal Bend Area, The ARK offers home-style emergency shelter for 30
days and assessment services within 4.5 days, When deemed necessary,
the stay can be extended an additional 60 days.
Coastal Bend AIDS Foundation
Coastal Bend AIDS Foundation offers both shelter and transitional
housing.
39
Coastal Bend Alcohol & Drug Rehabilitation Center
Coastal Bend Alcohol & Drug Rehabilitation Center organizes various
programs for children, youth, and substance abusers. The programs
include adult participatory recreation.
Accessible Communities, Inc., Coastal Bend Center for Independent
Living
ACI-CECIL has been relocating people from nursing homes to the
communities since 1999. The organization assists the persons with
disabilities in Coastal Bend offering the following services: access
information and referral advocacy, independent living skills training, peer
counseling, accessible housing resources, CLASS program case
management ,mobility planning services, Resource Guide for Persons
with Disabilities of All Ages, Advocacy Development Training classes, and
community education and technical assistance.
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries offers both shelter and transitional housing
for women or survivors of domestic violence, mentally ill, veterans, elderly,
families children, adults, antl parolees / ex-convicts. Guided transitional
shelter is provided for these same populations for free. Other services
include meals, case management, clothing, job placement, medical clinic,
childcare, and neighborhood elementary school.
Nueces County MHMR
Nueces County MHMR provides facilities for children ages birth to three
years with developmental disabilities, youth, ages 3-17, with severe
40
emotional disturbance, individuals with mental retardation, autism or
pervasive developmental disorder, and individuals with severe and
persistent mental illness. Services include assertive community treatment,
rehabilitation treatment, service coordination, adult services, medication
clinic, skills training, employment, and supportive housing.
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza
Gulf Coast Council of La Raza provides transitional, day shelter, and night
shelter for families, children, unaccompanied youth, and persons with
substance abuse problems. The organization has a capacity of 16 beds.
La Raza Runaway Shelter
La Raza Runaway Shelter offers temporary, day shelter, and night shelter
services,
Nueces County Community Action Agency
Nueces County Community Action Agency manages Head Start and Early
Head Start Programs. The Head Start Program is designed to foster the
healthy development of three, four, and five year-old children from low-
income families. Early Head Start is a developmentally appropriate
program that has culturally sensitive services for infantsltoddlers and their
families, Community services encompasses several other programs which
include Weatherization, Energy Assistance, Emergency Footl and Shelter,
HOME Rental Housing, Homebuyers Assistance, Information and
Referral, and Neighbor-to-Neighbor.
41
The Women's Shelter
3.3.
Inventory of
Emergency.
Transit~nal
Sholtors, and
Permanmlt
Supportive
Housing
The Women's Shelter offers emergency shelter for women and survivors
of domestic violence or sexual assault and their children. Services
include counselingledtication, case management, youth services, and
legal advocacy. The organization has a capacity of 60 beds.
Tables 8, below, and Tables 9 and 10, on the following page, show the
current inventory of emergency shelter, transitional housing, and
permanent supportive housing in Corpus Christi as reported in the 2003
Continuum of Care. Chart 8, on page 44, shows the structure and
workflow of continuum of care in Carpus Christi.
me enc Shelters 2003 BedCa aci
Target - Families with
Provider Name Facili Name Po alation individuals Children"
Gulf Coast Council of
Gulf Coast Council of la Raza La Raza YMF 16 0
Hope House Faith Home SF 2 17
Mission 911 Rescue Shelter Mission 911 SM 20 0
The Salvation Army Emergency Shelter SFM FC 36 12
The Women's Shelter of The Women's Shelter
South Texas of Soulh Texas FC 0 65
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries Rainbow House SFIFC 5 0
Corpus Christi Metro Ministries Rustic House SM 3 0
Good Samaritan Rescue
Mission Emergency Shelter SFM FC 297 0
The Adc Assessment Center Emergency Shelter YMF 37 0
Search for Truth Emer enc Shelter SM 30 0
Total 446 94
Under Develo ment 0 0
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 8: Inventory of Emergency Shelters in 2003
42
ransitional Housin 2003 ' !aed Ca aci
Target Families with
Provider Name '- Facili Name Po ulation 'individuals ''Children "
anon Recovery House
uprise Recovery House
oastal Bend Alcohol and Dmg reatment Services Casa
Rehabilitation Center a Familias SM 14 30
Rustic House and
orpus Christi Metro Ministries Rainbow House SM SF FC 16 27
Hope House Birth Haven FC i4
Project Bridge for Singles
nd Project Bridge for
he Salvation Army Families SMF FC 28 42
outh Texas Homeless Healthcare for Homeless
Healthcare eterans SMF 12
Mission 91 i Mission 911 SMF 18
Mission 911 Mission 911 FC 18
New Life Fellowshi Shelter ransitional Housin SMF 50
otal 138 131
Under Develo ment 0 0
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 9: Inventory of Emergency Shelters in 2003
PermanentSdortiveHousih 20D3 'BedCa aci
Provider Name !
Facili Name
Individuals Families with ''
Children
MHMR of Nueces Coun u er NOFA Housin 15 0
MHMR of Nueces Coun u oried Housin 57 0
Hen Harbour Hen Harbour 18 0
otal 90 0
Under Develo ment 0 0
ommunity volunteers, Mayors Veterans Committee, Lodgistics, Inc and local VA staN are
are cunenily developing permanent supportive housing for 12 Veterans. The project is not
et funded.
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 10: Inventory of Permanent Supportive Housing in 2003
43
Emergency Shelters
Outreach and Roferrels
A total of 540 beds for 446 homeless
MHMR or Nueces County intlividuals and 94 homeless /amities
The Ceuntil on Alcohol antl
Gulf Coast Countil of to Rata
Drug Abuse-Coastal Bend Faith Home by Hope House
The Salvation Artny Mission 911 Rescue Shelter
Casey Family Services Emergency Shelter by The Salvation Anny
The Gulf Coast Countil of La The Women's Shelter of South Texas
Raza
The ARK Assessment Carder Emergency Shelter by Coryus Christi Mefm
Local Veterans Administretion Mlnlstnes
The Women's Shelter of South Emergency Shelter by Good Samadmn
Texas Rescue Mission
HIP Ddswli Children's Hospital Emergency Shelter byThe Ark Assessment
Center
Emergenry Sheller by Searoh for Truth
Trensldonal Housing
A total of 269 beds, 136 for homeless individuals and 131 for
homeless families vnN children C.
Canon Recovery Housa SUndse RemveryHouse Tmafinerd
Services.Casa de Familias by Coastal Bend Aicaholand Drug ,'
Rehahilitatioa Center
Rustic House and Ralnbmv House by Coryus Chnstl Metro
Ministdes '.
Birth Haven by Hope House
PmJect Bridge for Singles and Project Bridge for Families by
The Salvatidn Artny
Healthcaretor Homeless Veterans by South Texas Homeless.
Healthcare
Missioa911
Transitlbnal Housing by Ner. Life Fellowship Sheller
Chart 8: Continuum of Care Structure in Corpus Christi
44
3.4.
baps
Analysis
Tables 11, 12, and 13, below, show the Housing Gaps Analysis
duplicated from the 2003 Continuum of Care Report.
Number of Beds Current
l Inventory
2003
Unmet NeedlGa
Emergency Shelter 446 714
ransi0onal Housing 138 490
Permanent Supportive
Housing 90 18
otal 674 1,222
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 11: Housing Gaps Analysis (Individuals)
:Current
Inventory 'Unmet
Number of Beds 20D3 +NeedlGa
Emergency Sheltor 77 597
ransitional Housing 127 237
Permanent Su ortive Housin 0 66
otal 204 900
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 12: Housing Gaps Analysis (Persons in
Families and children)
Sheltered
Emer en Transitional Unsheltered 'Total
Homeless Individuals 56 44 76 178
Homeless Families v~ith Children 19 13 25 57
otal 75 57 103 235
Source: 2003 Continuum of Care
Table 13: Housing Gaps Analysis
45
ISSU81: Inadequate data to estimate and plan the chronic homeless programs.
Goad 1: Create and improve data on homeless population and services with a
special emphasis on chronic homelessness,
Recommendations:
Implement a homeless survey project to collect and report homeless data
of Corpus Christi. Data on chronic, episodic and transitional homeless
populations (with special emphasis on chronic homelessness) need to be
collected and should be comprised of:
o Characteristics and of needs each category of homeless
population,
o Duration of homelessness for each group,
o Causes of homelessness,
o Interaction of homeless people with the public systems, and
o Support extended to each group in homelessness and the
effectiveness of that support.
Action Steps:
o Contluct point-in-time surveys and focus groups on homeless
population to improve the local data, including the populations
in various public service systems (HIP, United Way, Caller
Times in year one and update the data annually),
46
a Formulate a list of public service agencies which provide housing
related assistance, healthcare, counseling, and educational
services, and make the list available to the community (HIP, United
Way, Caller Times in year one and update the list every two years),
o Measure the effectiveness of the each homeless and supportive
housing program by collecting data from various agencies and
formulating a methodology to rate the effectiveness and outcomes
(City of Corpus Christi, HIP, United Way, in two years and assess
the effectiveness every five years),
o Make a directory of agencies providing monetary assistance and
other services and make the directory available to the community
by website and toll-free number (HIP, United Way, Caller Times in
two years and update the directory every two years), and
o Create a Homelessness Management Information System (HMIs)
using the administrative data collected from various programs and
add features to the system that would enable future homeless data
collection to be automated (City of Corpus Christi, HIP, and
Nueces County within five years and an ongoing maintenance).
ISSUE 2: Though the homeless assistance system ends homelessness for some
people, others quickly replace them.
GOal2: Establish Prevention Programs to stop chronic homelessness.
47
Recommendations:
^ Adequate discharge management planning,
o Improve emergency assistance services,
^ Provision of adequate facilities for the treatment of mentally ill
persons, those with chronic health problems, and substance
abusers,
o Prevent children from ending up in foster care, and
^ Prevent homelessness among youth.
Action Steps:
^ Identify the current practices used in discharging inmates,
patients, and clients and assess the post-discharge needs of
the individual (public institutions, and public systems of care
including Jail, Police, hospitals, shelters, and foster care etc.,
and HIP in year one and re-evaluate every five years),
^ Development of Discharge Plan and review of the plan with the
individual (public institutions, public systems of care, and HIP
within two years and an ongoing effort),
^ A notice to the planned housing service provider to confirm the
accommodation for the discharged individual (landlords,
shelters, public institutions, and public systems of care within
two years and an ongoing effort),
^ Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of Post-
Discharge Plan, coordinating with various public service
providers to follow up services, treatment and care (various
48
public service providers, public institutions, public systems of
care, and HIP within five years and ongoing effort),
^ Enhancing coordination among the emergency assistance
programs like rent, mortgage, and utility assistance (Current
shelters, NIP, United Way, social service agencies, builders,
apartment managers within four years and an ongoing effort),
^ Combining emergency assistance with either time limited or
ongoing case management to reduce the future risk of
homelessness (Current shelters, MHMR, Catholic Charities,
AA, Council on A & D, PDAP within five years and an ongoing
effort),
^ Provide case management support for young families and
ensure an adequate supply of affordable housing for families
with children (Current shelters, HIP, and other social service
agencies, within four years and an ongoing effort),
^ Use supportive housing to provide for individuals who are
resistant to treatment and are not in recovery, but are still
substance abusers. (Current shelters, AA, Council on A & D,
PDAP within two years and an ongoing effort),
o Prevent evictions through alandlord/tenant mediation program
(Landlord and Tenants Associations Corpus Christi, judicial
services within two to four years and an ongoing effort), and
^ Provide 10Q additional beds in transitional shelters for youth
coming out of foster care (Current Shelters, builders, landlords,
and HIP in four years and update the goal depending on the
gap)
49
Lack of awareness of the homeless assistance system among the
ISSUE 3: homeless population and reluctance to participate in treatment
programs among the homeless with substance abuse problems and
mental illness.
60313: Provide outreach programs to educate homeless people of available
resources and services.
Recommendations:
Outreach that provides low-demand housing without mandating treatment.
When people feel safe and secure, they are more likely to participate in
treatment.
Action Steps:
^ Provide outreach to persons with substance abuse to encourage them
into treatment programs (HIP, Unitetl Way-Info Line, Spohn Memorial,
various social service agencies within two years and an ongoing
effort),
^ Establish substance abuse treatment shelters at strategic locations, to
ensuring adequate staff and allowing an "open door" policy (Current
shelters, AA, Council on A & D, PDAP within three years and an
ongoing effort), and
^ "Wrap around" services addressing all needs of the client (HIP and
various social service agencies involving MHMR, AA, Council an A &
D, PDAP, Catholic Charities, etc. within six years and an ongoing
effort).
50
15SU8 4: Homeless population visiting the shelters repeatedly without ever
approaching the goal of permanent housing.
60x1 ~: Decrease the duration of homelessness.
Recommendations:
o The organization of a shelter or transitional system in the
community should be oriented to reduce the duration of stay,
o The repetition of homelessness also should he addressed
simultaneously, and
o A "Housing First Approach" should be taken to assist the homeless
with finding permanent housing.
Action Steps:
o Complete 300 permanent supportive housing units (City, Builders'
Association, local contractors within four years and update the goal
depending on the gap),
o Provide home-based case management to address the service
needs of families to get stabilized in permanent housing (NIP,
Spohn Memorial, MHMR, AA, Council on A & D, various social
service agencies within six years and an ongoing effort), and
o Shelters and other homeless services providers should have
access to and incentive to use prevention resources, to move
people out of homelessness, and into stable permanent housing as
quickly as possible. (Current Shelters, City within five years and an
ongoing effort),
51
ISSI10 5: Lack of immediate services for populations approaching homelessness,
which may consume fewer resources than after becoming homeless.
60x1 ~: Re-housing homeless persons.
Recommendations:
o Housing search and placement services should be developed for
homeless persons or people on the verge of homelessness, who
are looking for affordable housing, and
o Effective supportive services are needed after the homeless are re-
housed to sustain their improvement.
Action Steps:
o Qutreach to landlords using skilled housing search staff, (United
Way Info-line, landlords and tenant agencies within two years and
an ongoing effort),
o Incentives for landlords to rent to homeless households and
assurance to resolve the landlord/tenant problems by housing
services agency, (landlords and tenant agencies and judiciary
services within four years, evaluate and modify the incentives), and
o Services to address credit problems and access to subsidies for
households with extremely low incomes (Consumer Credit
Counseling, Catholic Charities year one and an ongoing effort),
ISSUE 6: Assisted populations becoming homeless again.
52
GOai 6: Sustain the condition of persons and families placed in permanent
housing.
Recommendations:
^ Provide treatment and other supportive services for those in
permanent housing, and
^ Ensure sufficient incomes to pay for housing.
Action Steps:
^ Coordination with service providers to ensure that a homeless
person's service needs are met after the placement into permanent
housing, (City, HIP various social service organizations within five
years and an ongoing effort),
^ For disabled homeless placed in permanent housing, services can
be funded through Medicaid or funds through federal mental health
and substance abuse block grants, depending on their eligibility,
^ Transitional services can be funded through different mainstream
funding sources including, Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families, the Community Services Block Grant, the Social Services
Block Grant, and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration block grant programs, and
^ The City should continue to work to expand job opportunities
through the recruitment of corporate relocations, the provision of
incentives for local corporations seeking expansion opportunities,
assistance with the preparation of small business loan applications,
and other activities whose aim is to reduce unemployment and
53
expand the base of higher income jobs. (City, Goodwill Industries,
TWC, Coastal Bend Workforce Center within two years and an
ongoing effort).
ISSUE 7: Lack of adequate affordable housing.
6081 /: Increase affordable housing supply.
Recommendations:
o City should take the initiative in affordable housing development,
providing various incentives and regulations,
o Provide Single Room Occupancy (SRO) units, and
o Leverage federal funds with private resources for housing.
Action Steps:
o Use of tools like voluntary inclusionary zoning programs,
encouraging developers to include affordable housing units when
building new developments (City, Builders' and Landlords'
Associations within five years, evaluate and modify the programs
and tools),
o City must work to expand the impact of the federal funding
available by increased leveraging of resources from lending
institutions, developers, corporate entities, and other sources (City,
developers, Builders' and Landlords' Associations, lending
institutions, within five years and an ongoing effort),
o Developers should be encouraged to construct SRO housing (City,
Builders' Associations and developers within five years and
54
an ongoing effort).
ISSOB ~: Lack of adequate accessible shelters and insufficient trained staff to work
with disabled, forcing the disabled to needlessly enter into institutions.
gpa~ $; Improve the accessibility of shelters and train the staff in shelters
to work with disabled.
Recommendations:
o Current shelters should be modified to improve the accessibility
and to meet the accessibility standards, and
o Training should be provided to the staff members to work with the
disabled.
Action Steps:
o Assessment of accessibility of current shelters antl identify the
barriers for people with disabilities in accessing the current shelters
(current shelters, Accessible Communities inc. Center for
Independent living, antl HIP within one year, re-evaluate every
three years),
a Develop standards antl guidelines for accessible shelters
(Accessible communities inc. Center for Independent Living, City,
antl current shelters and HIP within three years),
Modifications to the current shelters in conformance with the
accessibility guidelines (City, current shelters, Accessible
communities inc. Center for Independent Living, NIP within five
years and an ongoing maintenance), and
55
^ Conduct training programs for shelter staff to work with disabled
(current shelters, Accessible communities inc. Center for
Independent Living, HIP, City within five years and training
programs for new staff every year).
ISSUE ~: Lack of appropriate housing for MHMR clients.
GOaI ~: Increase the supply of housing available to MHMR clients.
Recommendations:
Reopen housing facility lost to funding cuts.
Action Steps:
^ Work with MHMR and landlord to determine requirements for
reopening facility (City, HIP, MHMR, landlord within five years),
and
^ Identify funding opportunities to support MHMR housing program
(City, HIP, and MHMR in year one and an ongoing effort).
(SSU810: InsufFcient income to meet basic living and housing needs.
6Ual ~~: Improve income levels so that people can afford housing and provide
better support services for economically disadvantaged and disabled
people.
56
Recommendations:
o Increase job-training programs that provide skills to earn a livable
age,
o Increase the participation in the employment programs and health
programs, and
o Support programs that provide health care and counseling services
to low- income groups.
Action Steps:
o Qffer work support programs such as job skills training, childcare,
health care, and transportation (Adult Learning Center, Goodwill,
Del Mar, T'SA etc, within two years and an ongoing effort),
o Ensure the participation by adequate outreach and access to
employment initiatives through the Department of Labor,
Department of Human Services, and the Work Force Investment
Act (NIP, United Way Info line within two years and an ongoing
effort),
o Encourage employers to start creative programs for their
employees including housing allowances and community
investment, (various industries and City within five years and an
ongoing effort), and
o Develop job opportunities for the people with work related
disabilities, offering some flexible employment opportunities
(Goodwill, Adult Learning Center, Del Mar, various industries and
employers within four years and an ongoing effort).
57