Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 04-15-2003-6aORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT Meeting Date: April 15, 2003 Action Agenda Item No. ~-p SUBJECT: Final Report from the Human Services Advisory Commission on the Human Services Issues Forum 2002 DEPARTMENT: County Manager PUBLIC HEARING: (YIN) No ATTACHMENT(S): Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County: A Discussion of Ways To Address Abuse of Children, Teens, INFORMATION CONTACT: Gwen Harvey, 245-2300 Rosetta Wash, Chair, Human Services Advisory Commission Elders, and Partners TELEPHONE NUMBERS: Hillsborough 732-8181 Chapel Hill 968-4501 Durham 688-7331 Mebane 336-227-2031 PURPOSE: To present to the BOCC the final report prepared by the Human Services Advisory Commission on the proceedings of its Human Services Issues Forum for 2002. BACKGROUND: The Human Services Advisory Commission (HSAC) is responsible for making recommendations to the. BOCC on issues concerning human services programs. Its membership consists of representatives from a wide array of County agencies and community partners. Each fall, it hosts an issues forum that brings administrators, advocates, consumers, and educators together to discuss human service needs facing the County. The forum held on September 10, 2002 attracted nearly100 participants who examined, through panel discussions and interactive sessions, ways the community might address issues of abuse affecting children, teens, elders, and partners. Over a series of meetings, the HSAC has reviewed the proceedings of the 2002 Forum and prepared a report that summarizes the outgrowth of recommended strategies. These strategies fall into four major categories, as shown below: Public Awareness, Information, and Advocacy ^ Develop/support an update of the Orange County Orange Book. ^ Increase awareness of abuse and neglect for families, general public and other agencies. ^ Address issues of violence in TV, radio, and on the Internet. (Sponsor a "turn off the TV" day.) ^ Explore tax relief incentive for elder caregivers. Develop a model that goes beyond the state statute for the definition of abuse and neglect of the elderly. Promote public service announcements about domestic violence. Increase controls over access to weapons. Training and Education ^ Implement acommunity-based outreach program via trained lay health advisers. ^ Utilize present successful programs for education and guidance of parents. ^ Integrate education about abuse in life-skills classes in school (i.e.; conflict resolution, date abuse, good parenting skill). ^ Provide classes on healthy relationships and conflictlanger management in schools. ^ Improve police department training about domestic violence so prosecution can occur without the victim's cooperation. Direct Service ^ Provide parental support groups that are consistently available for parents that address teen issues. ^ Institute amulti-disciplinary team for in-home evaluation and home service division for the elderly. ^ Enhance elderly community watch. ^ Provide local rehabilitation resources for abusers and families, including follow up. System Integration and Communication ^ Commit to interagency communication and mechanisms for free exchange of information (e.g.; common intake and release forms, including list of involved services). ^ Provide consistent funds for system support. ^ Involve youth in community decisions that impact youth (i.e.; new program planning). The HSAC intends these collected strategies to serve as useful context and important feedback to the BOCC and the community at large on strengthening the Countywide response to issues of abuse. A copy of the report will be shared with all Forum participants and other human service interest and advocacy groups. FINANCIAL IMPACT: Acceptance of the report as information involves no commitment of County finances. RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board accept the report from the Human Services Advisory Commission on Forum 2002. 3 ~ ~ ..,~ d . _ ...~ A DISCUSSION OF WAYS TO ADDRESS ABUSE OF CHILDREN, TEENS, ELDERS AND PARTNERS ~"''~~.~ SERV{CES AL7'VlS®~~ ~C, _~` ~~v{ISSiC~I~J ~ ~1+, ~'~,Nt ~E c ~t~t "~Tl' ~~~„~ NORTH CAROLINA ~, i kt~rr.iz;+.t-p.r. z,,.:; y~ ,,~.... 4 BAGKGROI.II~tI? The Human Services Advisory Commission (HSAC) invited a spectrum of representatives from human services agencies, county departments, and other local groups to consider the topic of the 2002 Orange County Human Services Forum, "Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County A Discussion of Ways to Address Abuse of Children, Teens, Elders and Partners." The gathering that took place on Tuesday, September 10, 2002 gave the human services community a chance to network, brainstorm and provide ideas and feedback to help the Orange County Board of Commissioners and county departments make planning decisions. A number of high-profile domestic abuse cases in North Carolina hit the news in 2002, including the murders of four women in Fort Bragg. The topic of this forum was chosen in part to devise strategies to help keep such tragedies from happening in Orange County. Q~~RV~E~ BREAKDOWN OF 2002 HSAC FORUM PARTICIPANTS HSAC co-chair Rosetta Wash opened 2 BOCC the forum with comments about the seriousness of abuse and neglect in our El Pueblo 1 community and by introducing Orange HSAC 11 County Commissioner Barry Jacobs. Inter Faith Council 16 After acknowledgements, he discussed Manager's Office 5 how the forum of late has tended to fall JOCCA 3 during times of difficulty -the 2001 O.C. Alternative Sentencing 2 forum took place the day after the O.C. Child Support 2 September 11 terrorist attacks, and O.C. Dept. on Aging 4 another fell during the midst of a O.C. DSS 18 hurricane a few years ago. However, O.C. Dispute Settlement 3 despite the different kinds of O.C. Family Violence 4 distractions faced by participants, he O.C. Health Dept 6 said that the forum remains committed OPC 3 to serving the needs of people in O.C. Recreation & Parks 3 Orange County. He spoke about how Retirement homes 2 the quote, "The price of liberty is 7 eternal vigilance," would be an Variety of schools important theme of the September 11 commemorations, but also how `vigilance' has great relevance to the subject of abuse. Jacobs mentio ned that there has been an increase in the cases of substantiated child abuse - 2002 HSAC Forum S however, that increase may result in part from greater awareness by county residents and staff in the health and social services departments in combination with increased efforts by county staff to follow-up and substantiate reports. These efforts can be considered `vigilance.' Forum moderator Mel Hurston presented the morning's panelists Dr. Margaret Hudson, consultant on elder abuse and neglect; Hudson Fuller, associate director with the UNC School of Law, Melissa Radcliff, community services coordinator for the Family Violence Prevention Center of Orange County; Joyce Moore, child medical evaluation program coordinator in the N.C. office of the Chief Medical Examiner; and Darrell Renfroe> health department supervisor for Family Home Services . Elder abuse. Dr. Margaret Hudson's first remarks were concerned with differentiating between elder abuse and elder neglect. Elder abuse involves the use of different types of force whereas elder neglect occurs when something that should be done to help an elder meet basic needs is not being done. Elder mistreatment is typically hidden because elders are often not in contact with the outside world. Elders may also hide abuse out of a fear of retaliation. Dr. Hudson also endeavored to answer the question, "So, how do you recognize mistreatment and neglect?" Many of the signs of abuse are prematurely excused based on the normal results of aging. These include weight loss, poor appetite, and changes in behavior, especially in the presence of caregivers or family members. She said that clinicians must show cultural sensitivity to the elders being served - it is important to listen and to establish trust and not conclusions. Abuse of the disabled. Ms. Iludson Fuller has found that persons with disabilities are at an increased risk of family violence. In fact, about 80% of those she served were exposed to some form of family violence. She said that about 43 million Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities (speaking outside of the narrow, legal definition of disability). According to Ms. Fuller, crimes against the disabled are often under reported and under prosecuted. Victims may be dependent on the perpetrator or may not understand that the act is a crime. They may have communications or mobility issues that prevent them from reporting the crime or from making a good showing on a witness stand. Reporting agencies may not understand that follow-up efforts (such as letters) must match the abilities of the client (i.e., literacy). 2 "Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County" 6 FIVE MOST COMMON FACTORS IN ABUSE OF THE DISABLED 1. Inadequate knowledge of the healthcare needs of the disabled adult 2. Substance abuse by the caretaker 3. Mental and emotional impairment of the caretaker 4. Inadequate financial resources for the family 5. Lack of support for the caretaker *Informal findings of the Adult Protective Services agency In summary, Ms. Fuller believed that certain things must occur to truly address the needs of disabled adults ^ The community needs more awareness; ^ Service providers need the training to assist victims with disabilities; ^ Services for disabled adults should be bolstered and made available in every North Carolina community; ^ Respite care for primary care providers should be made a priority. Domestic abuse. Ms. Radcliffe spoke about the experiences of the year-old Family Violence Prevention Center of Orange County. She encouraged forum participants to get the word out about the agency and its services, including a 24-hour crisis line staffed by volunteers who have prepared via an intensive forty-hour program. Support groups are available in both English and Spanish and the agency includes a bilingual staff member. The Center urges agencies, the community, and individuals to get involved - it cannot do it alone. Ms. Radcliffe also spoke about a stumbling block she has run up against in the last year the pervasive belief that domestic violence does not exist in Orange County. Discussions of family violence should occur before deaths occur and bring the issue to the forefront. She concluded, "A message needs to be sent to survivors, victims and batterers alike from the community that this is not acceptable behavior, you don't deserve this, you deserve better, there is help available for you and we are available for you." Child abuse. Ms. Moore began by stating that 102,000 cases of abuse or neglect were reported last year in North Carolina. Orange County saw 1,027 (FY02) cases. The majority of the substantiated cases (85 percent) were for neglect. These reports come primarily from human services providers, law enforcement and the courts, and the school system. Orange County's Community Child Protection Team, as reported by Denise Shaffer, has found that issues common to child abuse include substance abuse, family illness, 3 2002 HSAC Forum family violence, unemployment and lack of parenting skills. The team recommends close coordination between law enforcement and the Department of Social Services as well as enhanced collaboration and information sharing between agencies. Ms. Moore said that the abuse and neglect of developing children could lead to permanent changes to the brain in the areas of learning and assigning emotional significance to acts around them. These scars can never heal. She said, "Primary prevention goes back to home visitation." Programs like the Hillsborough Exchange Club Family Center can help teach families skills for organization, budgeting, discipline and nurturing. Adolescent abuse. Mr. Renfroe has encountered two basic kinds of adolescent abuse. The first is abuse by a parent or guardian. The second is the growing trend towards domestic violence among dating teens. Signs from the first kind of abuse often reflect blows to the face such as visible bruises, black eyes and split lips. Teens are often faced with higher rates of sexual abuse as they begin to move into maturity. These teens vary in their reactions some become .withdrawn and shy, covered in layers of clothing, while others run away from home, `act out' or become sexually promiscuous. CHARACTERISTICS OF TEEN ABUSERS ^ History of family abuse ^ Jealous ^ Charming ^ Quick-tempered ^ Hurtful ^ Blaming others ^ Prone to addiction ^ Cheating ^ Controlling CHARACTERISTICS OF TEEN VICTIMS ^ History of family abuse ^ Attempt suicide more often ^ More likely. to engage in sexually risky behavior ^ More likely to ride with drunk drivers This information was taken from Darrell Renfroe's talk. Mr. Renfroe said that teens experiencing all the kinds of abuse are more likely to have suicidal thoughts, eating disorders and alcohol and drug issues. They may be truant or show signs of depression, anxiety and destructive, 7 "Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County" 8 inconsistent and impulsive behavior, including self-mutilation. As a group, according to a Duke University study, the teens show signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, social problems and social withdrawal. Abuse at home can lead to dating abuse. According to Mr. Renfroe, teens may not be able to distinguish between loving and abusive behavior if they grow up in an abusive household. Up to a third of teens experience violence in dating and 50% of all rapes are of adolescents. Teens have fewer options than adults, but otherwise, teen date violence can be similar to adult domestic violence. t~uESTtoNS ANQ AN~wERs The morning session concluded with an audience question-and-answer session. Various panelists weighed in on each question. Q: WHAT IS YOUR PERSPECTIVE REGARDING NORTH CAROLINA LAWS? DO THEY NEED TO BE CHANGED? A~ The laws are there -North Carolina does not need to have new laws written by legislature. It is difficult to prosecute due to the nature of crime: victims recant and the burden of proof (beyond a reasonable doubt) is difficult to achieve. Prosecutions would benefit if they could proceed without victim testimony (which is now done in murder cases). Another solution is better and more consistent enforcement of penalties. A~ It is hard to legislate morality -how people treat each other and whether we respect each other as human beings. The laws need to be there but as a society we have committed major neglect - we have not taught the people skills, dating/parenting skills. If we offered more resources to help people learn skills we could do better with prevention. We do not have to accept the behavior but accept people and understand their circumstances. Then we can approach the problem of violence more proactively so the legal system will not become so overwhelmed with volume when primary prevention measures are in place. Q: HAS THERE EVER BEEN ANYONE IN ORANGE COUNTY PROSECUTED FOR DATING ABUSE? A~ There actually have been people in Orange County who have been prosecuted however, it posed a logistical problem. The issue was violence between two people in school and in this case, some of the usual remedies like restraining orders etc. could not be enforced -both needed to continue to go to school. Community resource officers were very helpful to keep victims safe while in school and to mobilize the resources needed. What was not forgotten was that this is learned behavior and there was a need for serious intervention. Q: HOW DO WE DO THIS TOGETHER IN TERMS OF TEACHING PEOPLE HOW TO TREAT ONE ANOTHER AND REACHING OUT TO THE PERPETRATORS KNOWING THEY ARE VICTIMS THEMSELVES? A~ Start with young adolescents and prepare them for eventual parenthood. Start talking to our children in our schools. For example, the tragedy of shaken baby syndrome occurs because the parents are often young, stressed, unprepared adolescents with very little support who just lost it. They need help to understand what parenting is all about. A~ Become an agency that invites itself to groups, educating and seeking every opportunity to go out into the community to speak with groups/university/faith organizations. Recognize that abuse exists, and it's ok to reach out, provide education about options, and refocus that life is not like the media. Point out options when it seems like there are no options. 5 2002 HSAC Forum A~ Establish and promote a community standard. We learn our parenting skills from our parents. It's difficult to stop cycle of whipping with an oak tree branch if that is what your parents did, even if you are educated. Behavioral change is difficult and learning new parenting techniques take time. Behavioral change is a process, doesn't occur overnight, and requires diligently working with others so that they can be different than their own parents. A~ Behavioral change and the recognition of the need to change -make an individual stop and examine his or her behavior. Someone needs to care enough to intervene. We need to be accountable for each other - as individuals, as friends, as a community, as agencies and this requires a supportive and caring environment. This approach should not be discounted as an effective preventative and educational method. Society has changed so that we interact less with neighbors and as such we are losing our sense of community and subsequently helping/supporting each other less often. We need to return to this value. Q: RETURNING TO THE ISSUE OF PROSECUTION: MORE AND MORE PROGRAMS AND JOBS REQUIRE CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS BEFORE WORKING. HOWEVER, IF A PERSON IS NOT PROSECUTED, THE ALLEGATION OF ABUSIVE BEHAVIOR DOESN'T SHOW UP THEIR RECORD. FOR INSTANCE, ABUSE RECORDS THROUGH DSS DO NOT SHOW UP ON CRIMINAL RECORDS. HOW DO WE PROTECT OURSELVES? A~ DSS and APS investigations are not going to be in the court system and the majority of substantiated cases will not be criminally prosecuted. Meghan's law is one attempt to disclose this information but is a logistical nightmare for sheriff's departments to enforce. The law requires that if person is found guilty of sexual abuse, the crime and criminal needs to be listed in a database. But this also provides a false sense of security because most sex abuse crimes are not found out for years. The overarching theme to convey is~ Do not rely on one piece of information when you are making a hiring decision -use all resources available to you and establish a system of checks and balances. It is too easy to become complacent that the criminal justice system will solve everything and that is just not true. Q: DR. HUDSON MENTIONED HOW CULTURAL HERITAGE AFFECTS DEFINITIONS OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT. WHAT IS DR. HUDSON'S VIEWPOINT ABOUT ALL THE ISSUES FACING THE GROWING HISPANIC AND LATINO COMMUNITY AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ACCESS TO SERVICES? A~ Very little research has been done regarding Hispanics and treatment of the elderly. Two surveys were done on a very small scale and found a very big difference in perceptions and the desire for help based on if the person recently emigrated or if they had been in the country a while. So it is too early to draw any conclusions from research. More research is needed. A~ I grew up in Mexico and there is a misperception that violence against children and elders are accepted as a cultural norm. It is not. The society is very patriarchal and problems arise when you go in and investigate a situation without knowledge of the culture. As investigators, you can't separate a spouse from the husband and talk to each separately when conducting an investigation - it is considered disrespectful and the women will never speak against the husband in his absence. I get very upset when it is taught and dismissed that violence against, women, the elderly and children are culturally accepted. A~ The perceptions of the culture can affect investigations of abuse or neglect. For instance in Japanese culture, the most severe form of neglect is ignoring a person ... very painful. Yet other cultures may not view this as neglect at all. .STRATEGIES TO PREVENT ABUSE Forum participants joined in small group sessions to strategize about the four populations at risk for abuse children, teens, elders and partners. Each group was asked to consider the following priorities 9 "Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County" 10 ^ How is abuse and neglect of this population a problem in Orange County? ^ For whom is it a problem? ^ What factors enable abuse and neglect`? Each group was also asked to brainstorm for the following solutions ^ What one aspect of the problem for this population should the community focus on? ^ What solutions can this group think of for that aspect of the problem within these challenging economic times? ^ Which of those solutions does this group want to propose as priorities? The HSAC over a series of meetings reviewed the findings and feedback from each of the small group sessions and organized the results into the following four broad categories of interest. Each category reflects specific recommendations for consideration by the community at large and the Board of County Commissioners as the sponsoring government for the Forum. 1 . PUBLIC AWARENESS, INFORMATION, AND ADVOCACY • Develop/support a task force to update the Orange Book with all services (including Spanish copy), identify service gaps, and implement/hire a human resources triage program person (someone not related to any SpeCIf1C agency). Note A committee of Healthy Carolinians Orange County identified as one of its priorities working to prevent child abuse and neglect in Orange County, and coordinates with a group of professionals including the Department of Social Services to focus on prevention. The County Manager's Office in conjunction with the Clerks Office (with help from the HSAC) is undertaking a re-vamping of the "Orange Book". ^ Increase awareness of abuse and neglect for families, general public, and other agencies. ^ Address issues of violence in TV, radio, Internet, etc. Sponsor a "turn- off" TV/ radio day. ^ Explore tax relief incentive for elder caregivers. ^ Develop a model in Orange County that goes beyond the State's statute for the definition of abuse and neglect of the elderly. ^ Promote public service announcements about domestic violence. ^ Increase control over access to weapons. 2. TRAINING AND EDUCATION ^ Implement a community based outreach program via trained lay health advisors. ^ Utilize present successful programs for education and guidance of parents. 7 2002 HSAC Forum ^ Integrate education about abuse in life-skills classes in school. For example, conflict resolution, date abuse, good parenting skills, etc. ^ Provide classes on healthy relationships and conflict/anger management in schools. ^ Improve police department training about domestic violence so prosecution can occur without the victim's cooperation. 3. DIRECT SERVICE ^ Provide parental support groups that are consistently available for parents that address teen issues. ^ Institute a multidisciplinary team for in-home evaluation and home service division for the elderly. ^ Enhance elderly community watch. ^ Provide local rehabilitation resources for abusers and families, including follow-up. 4. SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND COMMUNICATION ^ Commit to interagency communication and mechanisms for free exchange of information (e.g. common intake and release forms, including list of involved services). ^ Provide consistent funds for system support. ^ Involve youth in community decisions that impact youth, i.e. new program planning. The HSAC would like to thank session facilitators Lois Kinzie, Mel Hurston, Cheryl Atwater, and David Thompson; recorders Rebecca Young, Robin Barnhill, Louise Echols, and Rosetta Wash; and panelists Joyce Moore, Darrell Renfroe, Margaret Hudson, Hudson Fuller, and Melissa Radcliff. 11 8 "Community Solutions to Abuse in Orange County" ~~ GONGL.USIC)NS Many citizens in Orange County -children, the disabled, teens, elders, and partners -are especially vulnerable to the ills of abuse and neglect. The role of private and public human services agencies in Orange County is to develop ways to protect and assist victims and to help prevent the crimes from occurring. All segments of the community must contribute the faith community, teachers and school administrators, health professionals, local agencies, county departments and law enforcement. This is why the HSAC is recommending that the Board of County Commissioners receive this report from Forum 2002 and carefully consider the four major categories that emerged -public awareness, training and education, direct service, system integration and communication - as important context for human services decision making in the upcoming budget year. The Board of County Commissioners will have the opportunity as it reviews outside agency funding requests and departmental work programs, and participates in other human service planning initiatives, to consider the issues contained within this report and strive to incorporate these ideas into future action items for the community. The HSAC stands ready to support and assist the Board in these endeavors, especially as they pertain to public information and communications. CONDENSED LISTING OF ABUSE RESOURCES IN ORANGE COUNTY ^ Family Violence Prevention Center of Orange County (FVPC); tel. (919) 929-FVPC (3872) ^ The Orange County Rape Crisis Center; http~//www.ocrcc.org/ ^ UNC Hospital Beacon Program; http~//www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/3ctrpgm/beacon/ ^ Orange County Domestic Violence Project; (919) 732-8181, (919) 942-0479 ^ Advocates for Children; Maria Hitt, 968-2022, ext. 291, email mhitt@co.orange.nc.us ^ `Orange County Coalition on Elder Mistreatment; tel. (919) 967-6994 ^ Orange County Departments of Aging, Health and Social Services; www.co.orange.nc.us ^ Triangle J Area Agency on Aging links regarding elder abuse; http ~//www.tjaaa.org/links/elderabuse.htm ^ North Carolina Coalition Against Sexual Assault; http~//www.nccasa.org/ ^ Orange County Sheriff's Office Victim Services & Crisis Unit; www.co.orange.nc.us/sheriff/victim_servi ces.htm ^ Hillsborough Exchange Club Family Center, http~//www.hillsboroughexchange.com/FamilyCenter/ 9 2002 HSAC Forum 2002 PANELIST BIOGRAPHIES HUMAN SERVICES ADVISORY COMMISSION Dr. Margaret Hudson has earned degrees from Duke and The HSAC is responsible for Michigan State as well as a Ph.D. from the University of making recommendations to Texas at Austin. She is a professor emeritus at the UNC- the Board of Commissioners Chapel Hill School of Nursing, a charter member of the concerning human service National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse, a Members develop s consulting editor and reviewer for the Journal of Elder Abuse , . ro ram P g and a reviewer for Gerontologist. She has and Neglect review and evaluate programs , conducted 7 studies on elder abuse and neglect, has authored and offer counsel to human many books, chapters, articles and a training manual on elder service agencies. abuse and neglect, and has conducted numerous continuing Rosetta Wash, co-chair education workshops throughout the state on elder D. David Thompson, Jr., mistreatment. co-chair Hudson Fuller received a law degree and a master's degree Cheryle Atwater in public health at UNC-Chapel Hill. She has worked for Robin Barnhill Carolina Legal Assistance representing persons with disabilities, and at the Orange County Sheriff's Department Marvin Block as the agency's legal specialist, followed by a position as the Mary Bowe Orange County Domestic Violence Coordinator. She is Louise Echols currently assistant director for public interest law at UNC- Marla Fearrington Chapel Hill Law School, is one of the founders of the Family patty Hill Violence Prevention Center of Orange County and is on the Melvin Hurston Board of El Central Latino. Lois Kinzie Melissa Radcliffe has worked as the Community Services Saul Liss Coordinator for the Family Violence Prevention Center of Betty Matthews Orange County since April 2001. Prior to that she lived in Mesa, Arizona and worked as a Victims Rights Coordinator Linda Tuday for the Mesa City's prosecutor's office. She then worked as a Pat Vandiviere Victims Services Specialist with the Mesa City's Police Rebecca Young Department. Before her time in Arizona, she oversaw a 24- hour hotline at the Rhode Island Rape Crisis Center. QRANGE COUNTY Joyce Moore is a graduate of the UNC-Chapel Hill School of BOARD OF Nursing and School of Public Health and was employed for COMMISSIONERS five years as a public health nurse and supervisor. In 1976, Margaret Brown she joined the staff of the newly formed statewide Medical Moses Carey, Jr. Treatment and Diagnostic Center for the Child Medical Alice Gordon Evaluation Program in the N.C. Office of the Chief Medical Stephen H. Halkiotis Examiner and continues to serve in that office as the Nurse Consultant Coordinator in the UNC-Chapel Hill Department Barry Jacobs of Pediatrics. She is a member of UNC Hospital Child Protection Team and Orange County Community Child CONTRIBUTING STAFF Protection and Child Fatality Team. She co-authored a MEMBERS "Understanding Medical Diagnoses of Child manual Corinthia Barber , Maltreatment" and presents many workshops on the subject. Kimberly Cannon Darrell Renfroe earned a Master's of Social Work from UNC- Nancy Glover Chapel Hill and earned a BA in Psychology from Oklahoma Gwen Harvey Baptist University. He is a supervisor of Family Home Sharron Hinton Services of Orange County. His many activities include Ann Rimmer serving as the director of youth music of local churches. Beachy Sanders Melissa Sechrist 13 10