Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda 05-20-25; 8-g - Orange County Health Department Refresh Construction Contract Award 1 ORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT Meeting Date: May 20, 2025 Action Agenda Item No. 8-g SUBJECT: Orange County Health Department Refresh Construction Contract Award DEPARTMENT: Asset Management Services, Finance and Administrative Services ATTACHMENT(S): INFORMATION CONTACT: 1. Construction Contract Angel Barnes, 919.245.2628 2. April 29, 2025 Bid Proposal from Jovana Amaro, 919.245.2651 Harrod Alan Dorman, 919.245.2658 PURPOSE: To: 1) Approve the County entering into a construction contract with Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc. for the Orange County Health Department Improvements; and 2) Authorize the County Manager to execute the Agreement, subject to final review by the County Attorney, and any subsequent amendments for contingent and unforeseen requirements up to the approved budget amount on behalf of the Board. BACKGROUND: In 2012, the Orange County Health Clinic at the Richard E. Whitted complex was renovated to enhance both the medical and dental spaces. In 2017, the flooring in both clinics was updated to epoxy flooring. Due to the necessary cleaning of these spaces, the flooring has deteriorated, and the top coat is peeling, which prevents the flooring from being cleaned to meet the required medical standards. The Southern Human Services Center Health Clinic last underwent renovations in 2012. The current project includes painting the clinic spaces, installing new cabinetry, and adding lab doors to ensure patient privacy. Additionally, all carpet will be removed and replaced with a more hygienic surface that does not harbor bacteria. In early April 2025, Orange County published an Advertisement for Bids, and on April 29, 2025, the County received five (5) sealed bids from General Contractors. The proposed construction contract to complete the work as designed for the Health Department Improvements totals $457,200, and is recommended for award to Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc. as the lowest responsible responsive bidder. 2 FINANCIAL IMPACT: The construction contract to complete the improvements for both the Whitted Complex and Southern Human Services health and dental services clinics will be funded using funds from the Medicaid Maximization Funds. ALIGNMENT WITH STRATEGIC PLAN: This item supports: • GOAL 1: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CLIMATE ACTION OBJECTIVE 2. Invest in our infrastructure to reduce the environmental impact of the County fleet/facilities and improve safety. • GOAL 2: HEALTHY COMMUNITY OBJECTIVE 2. Expand access to quality, affordable healthcare services. (e.g., Crisis Diversion facility, Medicaid expansion, crisis response, healthy living campaign). OBJECTIVE 7. Invest in services and programs that improve the health and quality of life of the community (e.g., recreation and public open spaces, arts, etc.) RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board: 1) Approve the County entering into a construction contract with Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc. for the Orange County Health Department Improvements; and 2) Authorize the County Manager to execute the Agreement, subject to final review by the County Attorney, and any subsequent amendments for contingent and unforeseen requirements up to the approved budget amount on behalf of the Board. 3 [Departmental Use Only] TITLE Health Clinic Improvements FY 2024-2025 RFP5452 NORTH CAROLINA CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENT OVER$250,000.00 ORANGE COUNTY THIS CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENT (hereinafter called"Agreement"), made as of the 21 st day of May, 2025, by and between Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc, (hereinafter called the "Contractor"), and Orange County, a political subdivision of the State of North Carolina, (hereinafter called the "County," "Orange County," or"Owner"). WITNESSETH: That the Contractor and the Owner, for the consideration herein named, agree as follows: 1. CONTRACT DOCUMENTS; PRIORITY The Contract Documents consist of this Agreement, the General Conditions which are fully incorporated in this Agreement, the Request for Proposals, designer approved communications and field orders, the Proposal, Construction Documents and Drawings and Written Specifications. The Contract Documents form the Contract. In the event of any inconsistency between or among the Contract Documents the Contract Documents shall be interpreted in the following order of priority: a. This Agreement and incorporated General Conditions attached as Exhibit 1. b. Designer approved and stamped construction documents and drawings and written specifications. c. Designer approved communications and field orders. d. Request for Proposals and addenda thereto. e. Proposal. 2. SCOPE OF WORK The Contractor shall furnish and deliver all of the materials, and perform, and be fully responsible for all of the Work required by this Agreement within the time period stipulated in a written Notice-to-Proceed to be executed by the Contractor and Owner and in accordance with the following enumerated documents, which are made a part hereof as if fully contained herein: a. Construction Drawings prepared by Smith Sinnett Architecture (Sheet Whitted Building Health and Dental Clinics GO-01, GO-02, AO-01, AO-02, AO-03, AO-04, Al-01, Al-02, Al-03, A6-01, A7-01, A7-03, A7-04, A7-11, Southner Human Services Health Clinic GO-0 1, GO-02, AO-01, AO-02, Al-01, A4-01, A4-02, A4-I1, A7-01, A7-02, A7-03 dated Feburary 10, 2025, and, Orange County Health Department Improvements Project Manual dated 02/10/2025, and Addendum 01 dated 04-18-2025,Addendum 02 dated 04-25-2025 and Addendum 03 dated 04- 28-2025) Revised 01/24 1 4 b. Written specifications prepared by the Designer. c. Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc proposal dated April 29, 2025 which fully describes the work to be performed, such work(hereinafter called the"Work"). d. Related documents listed under Section 1 above. 3. TERM AND SCHEDULING a. The Contractor agrees to commence work pursuant to the written Notice-to Proceed. b. The Contractor agrees to complete substantially all Work included by September 30, 2025. c. Time is of the essence with respect to all dates specified in the Contract Documents as Completion Dates. d. The Contractor shall perform the Work in the time, manner and form required by the Contract Documents and as stipulated in a written Notice-to-Proceed to be executed by the Contractor and Owner. 4. STANDARD OF CARE AND DUTIES OF CONTRACTOR a. The Contractor shall exercise reasonable care and diligence in performing the Work in accordance with the generally accepted standards of this type of Contractor practice throughout the United States and in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations applicable to the performance of these services. Contractor is solely responsible for the professional quality, accuracy,timely completion, and submission of all work. b. The Contractor shall not load or permit any part of the Work to be loaded with a weight that will endanger its safety, intended performance or configuration. c. Contractor shall be responsible for all Contractor, Subcontractor, and Sub-subcontractor errors or omissions, in the performance of the Agreement together with the errors and omissions of any agent or employee of the Contractor or any Subcontractor or Sub-subcontractor. Contractor shall correct any and all errors, omissions, discrepancies, ambiguities, mistakes, or conflicts at no additional cost to the Owner. d. Contractor is an independent contractor of Owner. Any and all employees of the Contractor engaged by the Contractor in the performance of any work or services required of the Contractor under this Agreement, shall be considered employees or agents of the Contractor only and not of the Owner, and any and all claims that may or might arise under any workers compensation or other law or contract on behalf of said employees while so engaged shall be the sole obligation and responsibility of the Contractor. e. Contractor shall at all times remain in compliance with all applicable local, state, and federal laws, rules, and regulations including but not limited to all state and federal non-discrimination laws, policies, rules, and regulations and the Orange County Non-Discrimination Policy and Orange County Living Wage Policy (each Orange County policy is incorporated herein by reference and may be viewed at Revised 01/24 2 5 http://www.oran e�ync. og v/departments/purchasing division/contracts.php). Any violation of the Orange County Non-Discrimination Policy is a breach of this Agreement and County may immediately terminate this Agreement without further obligation on the part of the County. This paragraph is not intended to limit and does not limit the definition of breach to discrimination. f. If activities related to the performance of this Agreement require specific licenses, certifications, or related credentials Contractor represents that it and its employees, agents and subcontractors engaged in such activities possess such licenses, certifications, or credentials and that such licenses certifications, or credentials are current, active, and not in a state of suspension or revocation. g. The Contractor shall supervise and direct the Work efficiently and with the Contractor's best skill and attention. Except as specifically set forth in the Contract Documents the Contractor shall be solely responsible for the means, methods, techniques, sequences, and procedures of construction, and for safety precautions and programs in connection with the Work. The Contractor shall be responsible to see that the finished Work complies accurately with the Contract Documents. h. The Contractor shall appoint a competent Project Manager with general authority to manage the Project for the Contractor. The Contractor shall also keep on the Project at all times during the Work of the Contractor a competent Resident Superintendent and necessary assistants who shall not be replaced without prior written approval by the Designer or by the Owner if a Designer is not retained for the Project. i. If, in the opinion of the Designer, any Subcontractor on the Project is incompetent or otherwise unsatisfactory, such Subcontractor shall be replaced by the Contractor with no increase in the Contract Price if and when directed by the Designer. j. The Contractor shall attend all progress conferences and all other meetings or conferences. The Contractor shall be represented at these progress conferences by a representative having the authority of the Project Manager and by such other representatives as the Designer may direct. k. Costs and expenses of providing samples for and assistance in any testing shall be borne by the Contractor. Any Work in which untested materials are used without written approval or written permission of the Owner or Designer shall be removed and replaced at Contractor's expense. 1. The Contractor shall obtain all necessary permits including all permits required to complete the Work in compliance with local, state, and federal law. 5. PAYMENT & TAXES a. The Owner hereby agrees to pay to the Contractor for the faithful performance of this Agreement, and the Contractor hereby agrees to perform all of the Work for a sum not-to- exceed Four Hundred Fifty Seven Thousand Two Hundred Dollars ($457,200.00). Not later than the fifth (5th) day of each calendar month the Contractor shall submit to the Owner's Representative, generally the Designer if a Designer is retained on the Work, a Request for Payment for work done during the previous calendar month. Revised 01/24 3 6 (i) The Request for Payment shall be in form of a standardized invoice or AIA Document G702-703 appropriately addressed to Owner's Representative at Smith Sinnett Architecture, 4600 Lake Boone Trail, Suite 205 Raleigh, NC 27607 and shall show substantially the value of work done during the previous calendar month. (ii) The amount due for payment shall be ninety-five percent (95%) of the value of work completed since the last Request for Payment and this amount shall be paid by the Owner on or before the last business day of the month. Owner shall retain five percent (5%) (the"Retainage"). (1) Upon Owner's Representative's certification that fifty percent (50%) of the Work has been satisfactorily completed Retainage shall be reduced to two and one half percent(2%2%). (2) Upon Owner's Representative's certification that ninety percent (90%) of the Work has been satisfactorily completed Retainage may be discontinued. Retainage may be discontinued, at Owner's Discretion, so long as work continues to be completed satisfactorily and on schedule. (3) The Owner may discontinue withholding retainage in accordance with the provisions of NCGS-143-(bl)(2)when the project is 50% complete. (iii) Final payment shall not be due to the Contractor until thirty (30) days after Final Completion of the Work, including punch list work, has been satisfactorily (as determined by the County) completed and an appropriate Affidavit, Indemnification, and Release as required in Section 5.4(e) of Exhibit 1 has been received and approved by Owner. b. Should Owner reasonably determine that Contractor has failed to perform the Work related to a Request for Payment, Owner, at its discretion may provide the Contractor ten (10) days to cure the breach. Owner may withhold the accompanying payment without penalty until such time as Contractor cures the breach. (i) Should Contractor or its representatives fail to cure the breach within ten (10) days, or fail to reasonably agree to such modified schedule, Owner may immediately terminate this Agreement in writing, without penalty or incurring further obligation to Contractor. (ii) This section shall not be interpreted to limit the definition of breach to the failure to perform the Work related to a Request for Payment. c. The Contractor has included in the Contract Price and shall pay all taxes assessed by any authority on the Work or the labor and materials used therein. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to furnish the Owner documentary evidence showing the materials used and sales and use tax paid by the Contractor and each of its subcontractors. d. Should the Owner receive notice that the Contractor has failed to pay a Subcontractor for the Work performed related to a Request for Payment, Owner shall have the authority to withhold payment of the disputed amount until parties resolve their dispute. Failure to pay the Revised 01/24 4 7 Contractor pursuant to this section of the Agreement shall not be deemed to be a breach of the Agreement. 6. NON—APPROPRIATION a. Contractor acknowledges that Owner is a governmental entity, and the validity of this Agreement is based upon the availability of public funding under the authority of its statutory mandate. b. In the event that public funds are unavailable or not appropriated for the performance of Owner's obligations under this Agreement, then this Agreement shall automatically expire without penalty to Owner immediately upon written notice to Contractor of the unavailability or non-appropriation of public funds. It is expressly agreed that Owner shall not activate this non-appropriation provision for its convenience or to circumvent the requirements of this Agreement. c. In the event of a change in the Owner's statutory authority, mandate or mandated functions, by state or federal legislative or regulatory action, which adversely affects Owner's authority to continue its obligations under this Agreement, then this Agreement shall automatically terminate without penalty to Owner upon written notice to Contractor of such limitation or change in Owner's legal authority. 7. NOTICES Any notice required by this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested to the following: Owner: Contractor: Orange County Harrod and Assoc. Constructors, Inc Attn: A. Barnes Attn: R. Edward Long P.O. Box 8181 6612 Fleetwood Dr., Suite 100 Hillsborough,NC 27278 Raleigh,NC 27612 8. MISCELLANEOUS a. Duties and Obligations imposed by the Contract Documents shall be in addition to any Duties and Obligations imposed by state, federal or local law, rules,regulations and ordinances. b. No act or failure to act by the Owner or Contractor shall constitute a waiver of any right or duty granted them under the Contract Documents, nor shall any act or failure to act constitute any approval except as specifically agreed in writing. c. The Work shall be tested and inspected as required by the Contract Documents and as required by law. Unless prohibited by law the costs of all such tests and inspections related to state and federal codes such as ADA, Administrative, Electrical, Plumbing, Mechanical and Building Codes shall be borne by the Contractor. The costs for material and structural testing shall be conducted by an independent third party at the expense of the Owner. Delays related to any of the aforementioned tests and inspections shall not be grounds for delaying the completion of the work. If any such tests and inspections reveal deficiencies in the Work such that the Work does not comply with terms or requirements of the Contract Documents and the requirements Revised 01/24 5 8 of any code or law the Contractor is solely responsible for the cost of bringing such deficiencies into compliance with the terms of the Contract Documents and any code or law. d. Should the Designer, if a Designer is retained for the project involving the Work, or Owner reject any portion of the Work for failing to comply with the Contract Documents Contractor shall immediately, at Contractor's expense, correct the Work. Any such rejection may be made before or after substantial completion. If applicable, any additional expense borne by the Designer under this section shall be paid at Contractor's expense. e. The County has designated (Angel Barnes)to act as the County's representative with respect to the Project and shall have the authority to render decisions within guidelines established by the County Manager or the County Board of Commissioners and shall be available during working hours as often as may be reasonably required to render decisions and to furnish information. f. The Contractor shall not assign any portion of this Agreement nor subcontract the Work in its entirety without the prior written consent of the Owner. g. In the event of a breach by Contractor Owner has sole authority to determine the reasonableness of Contractor's actions to remedy such breach or complete the performance of its obligations. h. Upon request of the Owner, the Contractor shall submit to County all relevant documentation, including but not limited to,job cost records, to support its claims for final compensation and if such request is made final compensation shall not be due until all relevant documentation is received,reviewed, and approved by Owner. 9. CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES a. Owner and Contractor mutually waive any claim against each other for consequential damages. Consequential Damages include: (i) Damages incurred by Owner for loss of use, income, financing, or business. (ii) Damages incurred by Contractor for office expenses, including personnel, loss of financing, profit, income, business, damage to reputation, or any other non-direct damages. 10. ENTIRE AGREEMENT All of the documents listed, referenced or described in this Agreement, the written Notice-to-Proceed, together with Modifications made or issued in accordance herewith are the Contract Documents, and the work, labor, materials, and completed construction required by the Contract Documents and all parts thereof is the Work. The Contract Documents constitute the entire agreement between Owner and Contractor. This Agreement may be amended only by written instrument signed by both parties. Modifications may be evidenced by facsimile signatures. If any provision of the Agreement or General Conditions shall be declared invalid or unenforceable,the remainder of the Agreement shall continue in full force and effect. [SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW] Revised 01/24 6 9 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and date first above written in a number of counterparts, each of which shall, without proof or accounting for other counterparts,be deemed an original contract. ORANGE COUNTY: CONTRACTOR: By: By: Travis Myren, County Manager R. Edward Long, Vice President Printed Name and Title Revised 01/24 J 10 ORANGE COUNTY—INTERNAL USE ONLY Finance Information Vendor Name: Harrod and Assoc. Constructors,Inc Vendor Contact Person: Ed.Long estimating(a,harrodandassoc.com) Phone: 919.828.7782 Address: 6612 Fleetwood Dr City Raleigh State:NC Zip:27612 Department:AMS Amount: 457,200.00 Purpose: OC Health Department Improvements Budget Code(s):Med/Max Vendor#52361 Vendor Status with NCSOS: Current-Active Vendor is a BOCC consultant: ❑Yes ®No Contract Details Contract Type: ®New ❑Amendment(Original Contract: )(Most Recent Amendment ) Effective Date 05/21/2025 End Date 9/30/2025 Notice Date (Notice Purpose ) Award ®Approved by Board(Agenda Date: 5/20/2025); ®Made or Administered by AMS Signature Authority ® BOCC Express Delegation(Agenda Date: 0 5/2 0/2 0 2 5) - Policy 9.4: ❑Under$5,000; ❑ Service Under$90,000; ❑ Construction Under$250,000 - ® Budget Policy Section XV(Capital Improvement Project: 367-005452) Bidding ❑ Informal Bidding($30k-$90k); ®Formal RFP($90k+); ❑ Other(<$30k); ❑ Exception(#-----) Department Affirmation ® This agreement is approved as to technical form and content and I as Department Director affirmatively state work on this project has not been initiated prior to execution of the agreement;OR ❑ This agreement is approved as to technical form and content. Services related to this agreement have already begun or been completed.Description of the nature of the emergency condition that was addressed: Department Director's Signature Date: Information Technologies This agreement has been reviewed and is approved as to information technology content and specifications: Office of the Chief Information Officer Date: ®Inapplicable because no hardware/software purchases or related services Risk Management This agreement is approved for sufficiency of insurance standards,specifications,and requirements: Office of the Risk Management Officer Date: Financial Services This instrument has been pre-audited in the manner required by the Local Government Budget and Fiscal Control Act: Office of the Chief Financial Officer Date: Legal Services This agreement is approved as to legal form and sufficiency: Office of the County Attorney Date: Clerk to the Board All Docusign contracts must be copied to the Clerk upon completion: occlerkdocs@orangecountync.gov The following signature block is for hard copies only and is not required for Docusign contracts: Received for record retention: Office of the Clerk to the Board Date: Revised 01/24 8 Orange County Health Department Improvements Smith Sinnett /2024008 Hillsborough,NC Orange County Asset Management Services SECTION 00 42 00-PROPOSAL FORM PROJECT: Orange County Health Department Improvements OWNER: Orange County 306 Revere Rd. Hillsborough,North Carolina 27278 ARCHITECT: Smith Sinnett Architecture 4600 Lake Boone Trail, Suite 205 Raleigh,North Carolina 27607 The undersigned,as bidder,hereby declares that the only person or persons interested in this proposal as principal or principals is or are named herein and that no other person than herein mentioned has any interest in this proposal or in the contract to be entered into;that this proposal is made without connection with any other person,company or parties making a bid or proposal;and that it is in all respects fair and in good faith without collusion or fraud. The bidder further declares that he has examined the site of the work and the contract documents relative thereto and has read all special provisions furnished prior to the opening of bids;that he has satisfied himself relative to the work to be performed. The Bidder proposes and agrees if this proposal is accepted to contract with Orange Coan of in the form of contract specified below, to famish all necessary materials, equipment, machinery, tools, apparatus, means of transportation and labor necessary to complete the construction of Orange County Health Department Improvements in full in complete accordance with the plans,specifications and contract documents,to the full and entire satisfaction of the Orange County,and Smith Sinnett Architecture with a definite understanding that no money will be allowed for extra work except as set forth in the General Conditions and the contract documents. The low Bidder will be determined by the total cost of the Contract with the lump sum prices of the alternates accepted being added to or deducted fi•om the Base Bid to give the total cost of the Contract.Bidders are required to give a price for Base Bid,all Alternates,and all Unit Prices as applicable to their Contract. All Bidders are required to be licensed and in good standing with their respective North Carolina Licensing Board. PROPOSAL FORMS Proposal- 1 12 Orange County Health Department Improvements Smith Sinnett /2024008 Hillsborough,NC Orange County Asset Management Services SINGLE PRIME CONTRACT: Whitted Health and Dental Clinics BASE BID: V_ Amount. V'' �' 1.'�• `'C Dollars ($ VL( ) ALTERNATE 1-Owner Preferred Manufacturer: Door Hardware 66 Amount: Dollars ($ �' ) Southern Human Service Health Department BASE BID: Amount: Dollars ($ 0 ) ALTERNATE 1-Owner Preferred Manufacturer: Door Hardware Amount: '?_ZrC) Dollars ($ ) MAJOR SUBCONTRACTORS if any(Name,City&State) General Subcontractor: Paint Subcontractor: q�A1 l d G Lic 37i? .1 htr`-�' �- ;G�►Y1 V` /`4 P,,§Lic Flooring Subcontractor: (-n." �.� PGn1Y1A-I Lic GS 143-128(d)requires all single prime bidders to identify their subcontractors for the above subdivisions of work. A contractor whose bid is accepted shall not substitute any person as subcontractor in the place of the subcontractor listed in the original bid,except(i)if the listed subcontractor's bid is later determined by the contractor to be non-responsible or non-responsive or the listed subcontractor refuses to enter into a contract for the complete performance of the bid work,or(ii)with the approval of the awarding authority for good cause shown by the contractor. ALLOWANCES- (Refer to Division 01 Section 0121 00—Allowances for amounts to be included in bid shall be based on the Unit Prices provided as part of Section 01 22 00)Acknowledge Allowances have been included with in the Base Bid. UP/A-1_ .r ,' w A-2 ,�l}:J A,,, A-3 UNIT PRICES- (Refer to Division 01 Section 01 22 00-Unit Prices for Quantities) Unit prices quoted and accepted shall apply throughout the life of the contract,except as otherwise specifically noted. Unit prices shall be applied,as appropriate,to compute the total value of changes in the base bid quantity of the work and in the given Allowances all in accordance with the contract documents. 6'Q Unit Price No. UP/A-1; Moisture Remediation Primer. —750 sf Unit Price($) PROPOSAL FORMS Proposal-2 13 Orange County Health Department Improvements Smith Sinnett /2024008 Hillsborough,NC Orange County Asset Management Services The bidder further proposes and agrees hereby to commence work under this contract on a date to be specified in a written order of the designer and shall fully complete all work thereunder within the time specified in the Supplementary General Conditions Article 9. Applicable liquidated damages amount is also stated in the Supplementary General Conditions Article 9. ADDENDUM (Addendum received and used in computing bid) Addendum No. 14/18/25 Addendum No. 2 4/ 5� /25 Addendum No. 3 4/28/28 PROPOSAL FORMS Proposal-3 14 Orange County Health Department Improvements Smith Sinnett /2024008 Hillsborough,NC Orange County Asset Management Services Proposal Signature Page The undersigned further agrees that in the case of failure on his part to execute the said contract and the bonds within ten(10)consecutive calendar days after being given written notice of the award of contract,the certified check,cash or bid bond accompanying this bid shall be paid into the funds of the owner's account set aside for the project,as liquidated damages for such failure; otherwise the certified check,cash or bid bond accompanying this proposal shall be returned to the undersigned. No proposal may be withdrawn after the scheduled closing time for the receipt of Bids for a period of ninety(90)days. Respectfully submitted this day of April 29. 2025 Harrod and Assoc. Constructors Inc. (Name of firm or corporation making bid) 1 WITNESS: By: 15; Signature (Proprietorship or Partnership) Name: Keith, R. Harrod Print or type Title: President (Owner/Partner/Pres.N.Pres) Address: 6612 Fleetwood Drive, Suite 100 ATTEST: Raleigh, NC 27612 ]��By: License No. 32791 Title:R. Edward Long, Corp. dec. Federal I.D.No. 56-1863776 (Corp.Sec.or Asst.Sec.only) (CORPORATE SEAL) r PROPOSAL FORMS Proposal-4