HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda 10-03-23; 7-a - 2025 Countywide Property Tax Revaluation Update 1
ORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT
Meeting Date: October 3, 2023
Action Agenda
Item No. 7-a
SUBJECT: 2025 Countywide Property Tax Revaluation Update
DEPARTMENT: Tax Administration
ATTACHMENT(S): INFORMATION CONTACT:
PowerPoint Presentation Nancy Freeman, Tax Administrator,
(919) 245-2735
PURPOSE: To provide an overview and update on the 2025 revaluation process.
BACKGROUND: Counties in North Carolina are required to conduct a revaluation of all real
property at least once every eight years. Orange County, like many other counties, has adopted
a resolution to advance the cycle to once every four years. The last revaluation of real property
in Orange County took effect January 1, 2021, and the next is scheduled for January 1, 2025.
FINANCIAL IMPACT: There is no financial impact is associated with this presentation.
SOCIAL JUSTICE IMPACT: There is no Orange County Social Justice Goal impact associated
with this item.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: There is no Orange County Environmental Impact associated with
this item.
RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board receive the presentation
and provide any comments and questions.
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2025 Property
RevaluationUnrlate
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Nancy T. Freeman
Orange County Tax Administrator
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What is Revaluation or Reappraisal ?
Revaluation purpose stated by In Re Allred, 351 NC I (1999):
". . .purpose of a revaluation for tax purposes is to attain equalization of values, and throughout the
Act there are procedures and controls for the timing and calculation of property valuations which help
to ensure that equalization. Examples ... 105-284 (establishing uniform assessment standards), 105-
286 (establishing scheduled octennial valuations and horizontal valuations based on uniform
geographic or category adjustments), 105-287 (limiting valuation adjustments between general
valuations) and 105-317 (requiring uniforms schedules of values, standards and rules be applied
countywide).The rules outlined in these sections are designed to promote horizontal equity between
owners of similar properties, limit discretionary valuation and ensure reliability to the ad valorem tax
process which allows taxpayers and counties to plan and budget accordingly. "
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What is Revaluation or Reappraisal (continued) ?
Revaluation re-established the fairness of the tax burden between properties, which typically change
in value at different rates by location and property type.
Required by North Carolina General Statute 105-286 at least once every 8 years.
Orange County conducts a revaluation every four years, based on resolution signed on May 7, 2013.
The last countywide reappraisal has an effective date of January 1 , 2021 .
The next reappraisal will update real property values to reflect fair market value as of January I , 2025.
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Importance of Reappraisal Cycle
Required by North Carolina General Statute 105-286 at least once every 8 years.
However, Orange County chooses to conduct a revaluation or reappraisal every four
years.
Keeps real estate value levels more equitable with current market conditions.
Keeps personal property, public utility companies and real estate assessment levels more
equitable since personal property and public utility values are updated yearly.
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NCDOR Reappraisal Standards
North Carolina Department Of Revenue (NCDOR) adopted the International Association
of Assessing Officers' (IAAO) Standard on Mass Appraisal of Real Property in 2017 and
determined reappraisal standards for all counties. The main requirements of the
Reappraisal Standards are:
Frequency of Reappraisal, or Revaluation
Requirement statewide is every eight years, recommended is at least every four years
Median Sales Ratio of Real Property determined by NCDOR indicates if a county must conduct a
reappraisal sooner than planned
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NCDOR Reappraisal Standards (continued)
Type of Reappraisal
Based on Review of Random Sample using I% of Improved Properties
For Counties on a four-year cycle,a Data Review conducted by NCDOR is required three years prior to
the planned Revaluation
Orange County's Random Sample Review was completed in September 2022, Results:
Square Footage Data:NCDOR Standard —95%,Orange County—95.41
Objective Data:NCDOR Standard —95%,Orange County—98.71
Subjective Data:NCDOR Standard —90%,Orange County—93.89%
Recommendation made by NCDOR :Minimum Desktop Reappraisal
Required Reappraisal Plan
Orange County submitted plan to NCDOR in January 2023
Plan includes: Budget,Staffing levels,Outsourcing Needs,and Timeline
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Current status
2023 Informal appeals resolved
Formal appeals for the 2023 tax year are near completion; final Post-Adjournment Board
of Equalization and Review meeting scheduled for November 29, 2023
Work is in progress for the January 1 , 2025 Revaluation
Analytical Consultants has been contracted to assist for Commercial Reappraisal
Sales continue to be reviewed and qualified to build our sales bank
Temporary appraisal staff assisting in completing revaluation projects
Neighborhood delineation is being reviewed, land valuation is in process
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2025 Revaluation Timeline
January 2022 —June 2024: Neighborhood Delineation and Field Visits
January 2023 — December 2024: Sales Analysis
February 2023 — December 2023: Land Valuation
March 2023 — Data Validation Forms Mailed to all Residential Improved Property Owners
September 2023 — November 2024: Commercial Valuation
May 2024 —August 2024: Building of Schedules of Values
September 2024 — December 2024: Public Hearing and Adoption of Schedules of Value
February — March 2025: Notices of Value mailed
January 2025 —June 2025: Appeals
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Revaluation Process
Properties are appraised at 100% market value at the time of the revaluation. Data is reviewed from the
most recent qualified sales leading up to the revaluation date.
The Schedule of Values is a manual to describe and document the methodology and procedures for
appraising real estate at market value at the time of the county's most recent revaluation.
In order to reappraise all parcels at the same time as of the same date, mass appraisal is used. It is the
process of grouping uniform or similar properties together to ensure fair and equitable property values,
and is used by all North Carolina counties to conduct a reappraisal.
Real property values remain the same until the next reappraisal, unless physical changes are made to the
property during non-reappraisal years.
New buildings and other improvements are appraised according to the percentage of completion on
January I of each year and are valued according to the Schedule of Values to reflect the value as of the
most recent revaluation date.
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Market Sales Statistics — NCDOR Annual Report
Sales ratio expresses the relationship between current assessed values and current market values.
Counties with populations of 75,000 or more that have a Sales Ratio of under 85% or over 115% must
conduct a revaluation of their real property within three years if a reappraisal is not already scheduled
within that time period. See North Carolina General Statute 105-286(a)(2).
2021 Sales Ratio Median = 98.66%
2022 Sales Ratio Median (provided by NC Department of Revenue) = 81 .97%
At this point,the average Sales Ratio for 2021 Reappraisal Counties was 89.14%
2023 Sales Ratio Median (provided by NC Department of Revenue) = 69.49%
First Quarter 2023 Sales Ratio Median = 65.90%
Second Quarter 2023 Sales Ratio Median = 64.8%
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Market Sales Statistics — NCDOR Annual Report
(continued)
What does this mean?
• To quote Chris McLaughlin, University of North Carolina School of Government Professor:
"in 2022,the country is a couple of years into its recovery from the"COVID Recession"and real estate prices are BOOMING.Home
prices in North Carolina increased 45% from March 2020 to March 2022 and continue to pick up steam." (from Blog:Sales
Assessment Ratios Plummet,5/17/2022 https://canons.sog.unc.edu/2022/05/sales-assessment-ratios-plummet/)
• As is evident by the significant change in Sales Ratio from 2021 at 98.66% to our current estimated 64.80%, sale
prices continue to climb in Orange County. If the trend continues, properties could experience a substantial
increase in values county-wide in the 2025 Revaluation, similar to what was experienced in the 2021
Revaluation.
• Since Orange chooses to reappraise every four years,we are not required to advance the 2025 reappraisal.
However,we could not choose to postpone the revaluation because the 2022 sales ratio is below 85%.
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Lessons Learned: Northside Neighborhood
Conservation District and others
Current plan: recognize all neighborhood conservation districts as their own separate neighborhoods.
Field reviews will be concentrated in areas with previously high levels of appeals.
Values continue to increase in Northside Conservation District, mirroring what is happening
throughout the entire County. There have been 44 Qualified Sales within the three neighborhood
codes that include the Northside District since the 2021 Revaluation. Since 2021 the Average Sale
Price is $482,444, Median Sale Price is $420,000.
One example of how values are changing within the Northside Conservation District: PIN 9789204198
has a current assessed value of $772,200. The property has sold twice since January 1, 2021:
June 14, 2021 for $875,000
September 6, 2022 for $970,000
The current assessed value is 79.60% of most recent sales price
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2025 Revaluation Community Initiatives
Continued Online Offerings
Comper for Citizens - simple, convenient way to find and compare sales; available to
anyone, anywhere
Online Property Record Card (PRC) and Change Request - easy-to-understand format
to review property characteristics and a way for an owner to electronically submit a
change request to appraisal staff
Appraisalest — online option for property owners to submit appeals; first used
successfully in 2021 Revaluation, now majority of appeals are submitted online
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Revaluation Projects
The Tax Office planned several projects as part of the 2025 Revaluation.
Below is a partial list of those projects.The projects are worked by appraisers, temporary
appraisal assistants, and other assessment staff.
Apartment Cleanup — In Progress
Conservation Districts — In Progress
Flood Zones Review
Land Size Inaccuracy — Completed
Mobile Homes — In Progress
Valuation of Exempt Properties — Completed
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2025 Revaluation Community Initiatives (continued)
Orange County Revaluation Webpage: nttps://www.orangecountVnc.gov/878/Revaluation
New video now available on Tax Administration website: What is Revaluation?
Additional videos in the works:
How to Appeal
What is Market Value?
Information on Tax Office Websites
Community meetings and workshops
Preparing Community for Revaluation
Appealing Your Value
Social Media Promotion
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Questions?