HomeMy WebLinkAbout2020-057-E Planning - Wellsmont Landscaping spillway mulchingRevised 11/19 1
[Departmental Use Only]
TITLE SpillwayMulchFY19-20
FY 19-20
ORANGE COUNTY
CONTRACT UNDER $5,000.00
NORTH CAROLINA
THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this 28th day of January, 2020, (“Effective Date”) by
and between Orange County, North Carolina, a body politic and corporate organized under the laws of the
State of North Carolina, (the "County"), party of the first part; and Douglas P. Malinowski (the "Provider"),
party of the second part;
W I T N E S S E T H:
For the purpose and subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, the County hereby
contracts for the services of the Provider, and the Provider agrees to provide the following services to the
County in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, time being of the essence:
The services and/or materials and/or construction (hereinafter referred to collectively as “Services”)
to be furnished under this Agreement are as follows:
For the entire extent of the area depicted in WHITE hatching and labeled as "Limits of Mulching" on
Attachment A, Provider shall uniformly distribute sterile hardwood mulch (2-inch minimum thickness) that
extends a minimum of 2-feet horizontally along both sides of the existing chain link fence, in conformance
with NCDEQ specifications. For the entire extent of the area depicted in YELLOW hatching and labeled on
Attachment A, Provider shall install restorative topsoil and permanent seeding/straw, in conformance with
NCDEQ specifications.
See Attachment B for NCDEQ specifications for permanent seeding. See Attachment C for NCDEQ
specifications for mulching. See Attachment D for detailed price quote. This work must be completed no
later than March 31, 2020.
The term of this agreement rendered shall be from January 28, 2020 to March 31, 2020.
Provider represents and agrees that Provider is qualified to perform and fully capable of performing and
providing the services required or necessary under this Agreement in a fully competent, professional and
timely manner to the satisfaction of the County. Provider shall be responsible for all errors or omissions, in
the performance of the Agreement. Provider shall correct any and all errors, omissions, discrepancies,
ambiguities, mistakes or conflicts at no additional cost to the County. Provider agrees that Provider shall not
sub-contract any of the services to be provided in this Agreement, nor shall Provider assign any right or
responsibility granted or required by this Agreement, without the prior written approval of the County.
SPECIFIC TERMS
1.Payment: The County agrees to pay at the rates specified for Services satisfactorily (as
determined by the County) performed in accord with this Agreement. The amount to be paid by the County
shall not exceed ONE THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED NINETY FIVE DOLLARS, ($1,495.00). Payment
shall be made within thirty (30) days of an invoice properly submitted to County. Should Provider fail to
perform its duties under the terms of this Agreement, County may, without fault or penalty, withhold any
payment associated with the work to be performed until such time as said work is completed.
2.Non–waiver: Failure by County at any time to require the performance by Provider of any
of the provisions hereof shall in no way waive or affect the County's right hereunder to enforce the same, nor
shall any waiver by the County of any breach be held to be a waiver of any succeeding breach or a waiver of
this Non-Waiver Clause.
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3.Independent Contractor: The Provider shall operate as an independent contractor, and the
County shall not be responsible for any of the Provider’s acts or omissions. The Provider shall not be treated
as an employee with respect to the Services performed hereunder for federal or state tax, unemployment or
workers' compensation purposes. The Provider understands that neither federal, nor state, nor payroll tax of
any kind shall be withheld or paid by the County on behalf of the Provider or the employees of the Provider.
4.Insurance: Provider shall obtain, at its sole expense, Commercial General Liability
Insurance, Automobile Insurance, Workers’ Compensation Insurance, and any additional insurance as may
be required by County’s Risk Manager as such insurance requirements are described in the Orange County
Risk Transfer Policy and Orange County Minimum Insurance Coverage Requirements (each document is
incorporated herein by reference and may be viewed at
http://www.orangecountync.gov/departments/purchasing_division/contracts.php). If County’s Risk
Manager determines additional insurance coverage is required such additional insurance shall be designated
here N/A (if no additional insurance required mark N/A as being not applicable). Provider shall not
commence work until such insurance is in effect and certification thereof has been received by the County's
Risk Manager.
5.Indemnity: To the extent authorized by North Carolina law the Provider agrees, without
limitation, to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Orange County from all losses, liabilities, claims,
demands, suits, costs, damages or expenses (including reasonable attorney's fees) arising from bodily injury,
including death, to any person or persons or damage to or destruction of any property caused in whole or in
part by any negligent or intentional act or omission on the part of the Provider in carrying out Provider’s
duties and obligations related to the Services to be provided in this Agreement. It is the intent of this
provision to require the Provider to indemnify the County to the fullest extent permitted under North
Carolina law.
6.Termination: This Agreement may be terminated at any time by mutual written agreement of
the parties or by the County upon written notice to the Provider. County may suspend this Agreement upon
reasonable notice to Provider.
7.Entire Agreement and Signatures: The parties have read this Agreement and agree to be
bound by all of its terms, and further agree that it constitutes the complete and exclusive statement of the
Agreement between the parties unless and until modified in writing and signed by the parties. Modifications
may be evidenced by telefacsimile signature. This Agreement together with any amendments or
modifications may be executed electronically. All electronic signatures affixed hereto evidence the consent
of the Parties to utilize electronic signatures and the intent of the parties to comply with Article 11A and
Article 40 of North Carolina General Statute Chapter 66.
8.Governing Law and Priority: Both parties agree that this Agreement shall be governed by
the laws of the State of North Carolina and Orange County. Provider shall at all times remain in compliance
with all applicable local, state, and federal laws, rules, and regulations including but not limited to all state
and federal anti-discrimination laws, policies, rules, and regulations and the Orange County Non-
Discrimination Policy and Orange County Living Wage Policy (each policy is incorporated herein by
reference and may be viewed at
http://www.orangecountync.gov/departments/purchasing_division/contracts.php.). Any violation of this
requirement is a breach of this Agreement and County may immediately terminate this Agreement without
further obligation on the part of the County. This paragraph is not intended to limit and does not limit the
definition of breach to discrimination. By executing this Agreement Provider certifies that Provider has not
been identified, and has not utilized the services of any agent or subcontractor identified, on the list created
by the State Treasurer pursuant to G.S. 147-86.58. By executing this Agreement Provider certifies that
Provider has not been identified, and has not utilized the services of any agent or subcontractor identified, on
the list created by the State Treasurer pursuant to G.S. 147-86.81. By executing this Agreement Provider
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affirms Provider is and shall remain in compliance with Article 2 of Chapter 64 of the North Carolina
General Statutes. In determining the basic services to be provided, should any documents be referenced in or
attached to this Agreement, the terms herein shall have priority in any conflict between the terms of
referenced documents and the terms of this Agreement.
9.Dispute Resolution: Neither party may initiate binding arbitration. Any disputes shall be
resolved by nonbinding mediation. If such mediation fails either party may initiate litigation to resolve the
dispute. Should either party initiate litigation to settle any dispute involving the terms of this Agreement
such litigation shall be initiated in the General Court of Justice of North Carolina seated in Orange County,
North Carolina.
10.Non Appropriation: Provider acknowledges that County is a governmental entity, and the
validity of this Agreement is based upon the availability of public funding under the authority of its statutory
mandate. In the event that public funds are unavailable and not appropriated for the performance of County’s
obligations under this Agreement, then this Agreement shall automatically expire without penalty to County
immediately upon written notice to Provider of the unavailability and non-appropriation of public funds.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Orange County and the Provider have signed this Agreement, effective
as of the day first written above.
ORANGE COUNTY PROVIDER
By: _________________________ By: _________________________
Department Director Title: ________________________
200 S. Cameron St. Douglas P. Malinowski, Sole Proprietor
P.O. Box 8181 1005 Dimmocks Mill Rd
Hillsborough, NC 27278 Hillsborough, NC 27278
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!" ! !!""""" !"
+/- 16 CY OF STERILE MULCH
(2,600 SF X 2" MIN. THICK)
MULCH SHALL BE UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED AND SHALL
EXTEND 2-FT HORIZ. FROM BOTH
SIDES OF EXISTING CHAIN LINK
FENCE. SEE ATTACHMENT C
FOR SPECIFICATIONS.
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DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786 Attachment B - NCDEQ Permanent Seeding Specs
Practice Standards and Specifications
6.11
PERMANENT SEEDING
PS
Definition Controlling runoff and erosion on disturbed areas by establishing perennial
vegetative cover with seed.
Purpose To reduce erosion and decrease sediment yield from disturbed areas, to
permanently stabilize such areas in a manner that is economical,adapts to site
conditions,and allows selection of the most appropriate plant materials.
Conditions Where Fine-graded areas on which permanent, long-lived vegetative cover is the
Practice Applies most practical or most effective method of stabilizing the soil. Permanent
seeding may also be used on rough-graded areas that will not be brought to
final grade for a year or more.
Areas to be stabilized with permanent vegetation must be seeded or planted
within 15 working days or 90 calendar days after final grade is reached,unless
temporary stabilization is applied.
Introduction During the initial phase of all land disturbing projects,the protective layer,either
natural or man-made, is removed from the earth's surface. As the protective
layer is removed, the resulting bare areas are exposed to the natural forces
of rainfall, freezing, thawing, and wind. The result is soil erosion that leads
to sediment pollution of North Carolina streams,rivers, lakes, and estuaries.
This design manual presents many alternative strategies for preventing erosion
and reducing sediment loss during the construction process. Establishment
of protective vegetative cover during the construction project, however, is
the crucial step in achieving soil stabilization, controlling soil erosion, and
preventing sedimentation ofwaterways.Without a sufficient amount ofroot mat
and leaf cover to protect and hold the soil in place,large volumes of soil will be
lost and waterways will be degraded long after prof ects are considered complete.
Sections of this practice standard address many of these various situations
and set forth selection criteria for the appropriate cover based on purpose and
adaptability. Some sediment and erosion control practices recommended in
earlier editions of the manual may no longer be applicable. For example,many
popular and commonly used seed and plant varieties have been identified as
invasive. Invasive plants are defined as species that aggressively compete
with, and displace, locally adapted native plant communities. In select cases
where no practical alternative is available,these plants may be considered on
a limited basis for soil stabilization,understanding that the goal is to eliminate
the use of all invasive plants in favor of non-invasive native and/or introduced
species that will provide an equally acceptable vegetative cover. Where there is
no alternative to the use of invasive species,measures need to be incorporated
in the installation and maintenance of these plants to limit their impacts.
Rev.5/08 6.11.1
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It is imperative that disturbed soils be totally protected from erosion and sediment
loss during construction and before a project is considered complete and
acceptable.Installing appropriate vegetation in an immediate andtimely fashion
is the optimal means of achieving this stabilization. Vegetative specifications
for most exposed soil conditions across North Carolina are provided in this
section of the manual.It should be noted however,that no two sites in the State
are exactly alike;therefore the protective vegetative cover for individual sites
should be carefully selected. Each requires its own investigation, analysis,
design and vegetative prescription as set forth in this section of the manual.
This practice standard describes three stages of vegetative cover; immediate,
primary and long term. Effective and acceptable stabilization can be provided
only when the optimum combination of immediate, primary, and long term
vegetative practices are applied.
The vegetative measures presented in this chapter include application of seed,
sod and sprigs. Use of field and container grown plants are not addressed
in this manual. Planting of these types of vegetation is typically at spacing
and intervals that will not provide the required protective cover. However,
the design professional is encouraged to utilize these larger plants to
compliment the required protective cover, particularly where these types of
plants will provide seed for continued long term cover and wildlife habitat.
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
SOILS
Test and analyze the type(s)and quality of the existing soils on a site,their pH
ranges,and their nutrient levels. Taking soil samples from the different areas
of the project site and having them tested at a state or independent lab will
provide a baseline for determining the pH modifiers and additional nutrients
required for the selected plant varieties.
Disturbed conditions on a site may produce a variety of soil communities.
Nutrient and pH levels in deeply cut soils will be quite different from those
soils found on the original surface. When sites are highly disturbed through
mechanical means such as grading,the soils become mixed together in many
different ratios. These areas should be identified and tested.
Results from soil tests will usually include recommended application rates of
soil modifiers such as lime and fertilizer for the selected plant species in the
particular soils. Application rates will be itemized in the report.
The texture of the soil on a site,which is the proportion of sand,silt,and clay
in the soil, is an important physical indicator of the site's ability to support
vegetation. In heavy clay soils amendments may be necessary to provide an
adequately drained planting medium. Conversely, in extremely sandy soils,
amendments may be required to provide for moisture and nutrient retention.
6.11.2 Rev.5/08
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Practice Standards and Specifications
Soil tests will indicate the texture of the given soil but will not
provide recommendations for amendments that will improve the soil
texture. Generally, the addition of organic materials will improve the
porosity of heavy clay soi I s and improve the water holding capacity of
extremely sandy soils. On sites where these different soil conditions
exist, it is recommended that a design professional with experience in
soil modification be employed to recommend the proper amendments.
For more information visit the NCDA Agronomic Services Soil Testing web
page http://www.agr.state.nc.us/agronomic/sthome.htm
SOIL PREPARATION
Proper soil preparation is necessary for successful seed germination and root
establ i shment. I t i s al so necessary for establ i shment of rooted spri gs, sod and
woody plants. H eavi I y compacted soi I s prevent air, nutrients and moisture
from reaching rootsthereby retarding or preventing plant growth. The success
of site stabilization and reduction of future maintenance are dependent on an
adequatel y prepared soi I bed. Fol I owi ng are the requi rements for preparati on
of areas to be vegetated by grassing, sprigging, sodding, and/or planting of
woody pl ants:
General Requirements:
• Preparation for primary/permanent stabilization shall not begin until all
construction and utility work within the preparation area is complete.
However, it may be necessary to prepare for nurse crops prior to
compl eti on of constructi on and i nstal I ati on of uti I i ti es.
• A North Carolina Department of Agriculture Soils Test (or equal) shall
be obtained for all areas to be seeded, sprigged, sodded or planted.
Recommended f erti I i zer and pH adj usti ng products shad I be i ncorporated
into the prepared areas and backfill material per the test.
• All areas to be seeded or planted shall be tilled or ripped to a depth specified
on the approved plans, construction sequence and/or construction bid
list. Ripping consists of creating fissures in a criss-cross pattern over
the enti re surface area, uti I i zi ng an i mpl ement that wi I I not gl aze the si de
walls of the fissures. Site preparation that does not comply with these
documents shall not be acceptable. The depth of soil preparation may
be establ i shed as a range based on the approval of the revi ewi ng state or
local agency. Once tilled or ripped according to the approved plan, all
areas are to be returned to the approved final grade. pH modifiers and/or
other soil amendments specified in the soil tests can be added during the
soi I preparati on procedure or as descri bed bel ow.
• All stones larger than three(3)inches on any side,sticks,roots,and other
extraneous materials that surface during the bed preparation shall be
removed.
Rev.5/08 6.11.3
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Areas to be Seeded:
• Till or disc the prepared areas to be seeded to a minimum depth of four
(4)inches.Remove stones larger than three(3)inches on any side,sticks,
roots and other extraneous materials that surface. If not incorporated
during the soil preparation process,add pH modifier and fertilizers at the
rate specified in the soil test report.
• Re-compact the area utilizing a cultipacker roller.The finished grade shall
be a smooth even soil surface with a loose, uniformly fine texture. All
ridges and depressions shall be removed and filled to provide the approved
surface drai nape. Seedi ng of graded areas i s to be done i mmedi atel y after
finished grades are obtained and seedbed preparation is completed.
Areas to be Sprigged,Sodded,and/or Planted:
• At the time of planting till or disc the prepared areas to a depth of four(4)
to six(6) inches below the approved finished grade. Remove all stones
larger than three(3)inches on any side,sticks,roots and other extraneous
materi al s that surface. I f not i ncorporated i n the ri ppi ng process, add pH
modifier,fertilizer,and other recommended soil amendments.
• Re-compact the area utilizing a cultipacker roller and prepare final grades
as descri bed above. I nstal I spri gs,sod and pl ants as di rected i mmedi atel y
after fine grading is complete. Mulch,mat and/or tack as specified.
VEGETATION
Avai I abi I i ty of seed and plant materials is an important consideration of
any construction stabi I i zati on effort. Throughout North Carolina, cl i mate,
economics, construction schedule delays and accelerations, and other factors
present difficult challenges in specifying the different vegetation needed for
site stabi I i zati on. To help resolve this issue, vegetative stabi I i zati on requires
consi derati on i n three categori es:
■ Immediate Stabilization—nurse crop varieties(Note: temporary mulching
may be uti I i zed for i mmedi ate stabi I i zati on if outlined on the approved
plans and construction sequence.
■ Primary Stabilization—plant varieties providing cover up to 3 years with
a specified maintenance program
■ Long Term Stabilization—plant varieties providing protective cover with
mai ntenance I evel s sel ected by the owner
An adequate j ob i n one of these areas does not guarantee success i n the I ater
phases. Hord cul tural mai ntenance must be i nd uded i n the pl ans.
I mmedi ate vegetati ve cover wi I I al ways requi re addi ti one] ferti I i zati on, soi I
amendments, soil tests, overseeding and/or other horticultural maintenance
unti I pri mary vegetati ve cover i s establ i shed.
6.11. Rev.5/08
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Practice Standards and Specifications
here provi si ons are made for regular maintenance, primary vegetative
cover may be the end result. An example of primary vegetative cover being
acceptable a as an end use would be lawns in residential and commercial
devel opments that are establ i shed, moni tored and compl i mented wi th regul ar
and approved horticultural maintenance practices. (See Example 6.1 La.)
I n proj ects where Conti nual mai ntenance wi I I not be provi ded or schedul ed
fol I owi ng the pri mary stabi I i zati on of a proj ect, I ong term stabi I i zati on wi I I
be necessary. ai ntenance of initial and long term stabi I i zati on can cease
only after the long term cover has establ i shed and hardened to local cl i mati c
conditions. ai ntenance of long term vegetation must be included in the
project construction sequence and on the approved plans. Examples of
areas suitable for long term vegetation include roadsides, reforestation areas,
restored flood plains,restored riparian areas,phased closing of landfills, and
mi ni ng red amati ons.
Compl ete stabi I i zati on requi res usi ng at I east two, and most ti mes, al I three
vegetative phases.The design professional must clearly communicatethispoint
in their specifications, construction sequence, and in direct communications
to owners and installers. The charts in tables 6.1 La through 6.11.d provide
information to assist the design professional in this task. The tabl es are not
inclusive and are presented only as alternatives. The professional is expected
and required to provide design and specifications that combine the information
in the manual with knowledge of the particular sites and their constraints.
H AND NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS
Determining the nutrients that enable seed and container plants to grow,
flourish, and become established after planting are critical elements of the
design and stabi I i zati on process. The soi I s tests previously described will
provide a recipe for amendments based on particular plants and particular
soils. The test results will recommend the amounts of base elements(nitrogen,
phosphorous,potassium),pH modifiers and other trace elements that should to
be added to the soi I for sel ected sped es of seeds and pl ants.
The acid/base characteristic of the soil is a primary component of soil fertility.
I f the soi I aci dity i s not i n the proper range,other nutri ents wi I I be i neffecti ve,
resulting in less productive plant growth. ost pl ants grow best i n a pH range
of 6.5 — 7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral). The soil tests will recommend the
specific amendments and application rates required to achieve this range.
These amendments must be incorporated into the soil (not applied on the
surface) to be effective. (See the General Requirements for soil preparation
specifications and timing for incorporation of soil amendments.)
The base elements are easi I y found in bulk quantities. i me can al so be
obtai ned i n I arge quanti ti es. They al I must be thoroughl y i ncorporated i nto
the soil through appropriate mechanical means. round surface appl i cati ons
without proper soil mixing will result in poor results.
I n addi ti on to the base ferti I i zers, other trace d ements are needed to produce
healthy and vigorous growth.These include but may not be limited to sulfur,
manganese, zinc, boron, chl on ne and molybdenum. If not a1 ready i ncl uded
with bulk mixes of the base elements,they can be obtained from commercial
suppl i ers.
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Provisions for soils test during and/or after initial grading is complete shall
be i ncl uded on the approved pl an, i n the approved constructi on sequence,and
on the bid item list utilized for the project. 1j'you did not obtain a soil test:
Follow these recommendations for all grasses except centipedegrass.
.Apply pounds of ground I i mestone per , sq.ft.
2.Apply a starter type fertilizer(one that is high in phosphorus)based on the
type of grass and pl anti ng method. Ferti I i zer bags have a three number system
indicating the primary nutrients, such as 8-8-8 or 5-10-10. These numbers
denote the N P ratio the percentage of each nutrient in a fertilizer. The
percentages are al ways noted i n the fol I owi ng order:
N Nitrogen for green color and growth.
P O Phosphorus for good establ i shment and rooti ng.
O Potassium to enhance pest and environmental stress tolerance.
Some common examples of starter type fertilizers required for a 1,000 sq.
ft. area include 40 pounds of 5-10-10, 20 pounds of 10-20-20, or 16 pounds
of 18-24-6. For sandy soils, typical to coastal plain and sandhills of North
Carolina,ferti I izer rates shout d be increased by percent.
here avai I abl e, it is recommended that the design professional specify
organic compounds that meet the ferti I i zati on requirements, pH and other
element requirements. Initial studies have indicated that these compounds
have a more positive effect on the environment than some of the synthetic
compounds used to manufacture inorganic fertilizers. These materials are
readi I y avai I abl e i n the commerci al trade as wel I as found i n recycl ed yard
waste debri s, sewerage sl udge, I i me stabi I i zed sl udge and ani mat manures.
Materials proposed for use must be industry certified and/or privately tested
and certified to be acceptable for proposed areas of use and application prior
to approval.
MULCHES AND TACKING AGENTS
ul ches and tacki ng agents may be requi red or necessary to protect a seedbed s
disturbed surface until the seed can germinate and provide the required
protecti on f rom erosi on. Sel ecti on of the mated al s used i n thi s appl i cati on
shoul d be based on thei r abi I i ty to hol d moi sture i n the soi 1, as wel I as protect
exposed soil from rainfall, storm water runoff, and wind. The availability of
the set ected mated al and the means to apply it are cri ti cal factors to consi der
when pl anni ng for the stabi I i zati on of any di sturbed area. The mul ch must
cover a minimum of eighty(80)percent of the soil surface and must be secured
by a tacki ng agent,cri mpi ng,or protecti ve bi odegradabl a netti ng. Netti ng that
incorporates plastic mesh and/or plastic twine should not be used in wetlands,
riparian buffers or floodplains due to the potential of small animal mortality.
See Section 6.14 for detailed specifications and product applications.
SOIL BLANKETS
Soi I bl ankets can be an acceptabl a and effective method of temporary sedi ment
and erosion control in lieu of nurse crops. See Section 6.17 of the manual for
descri pti ons of thi s product and how i t can be used i n conj uncti on with thi s
section. I n absence of mul ches and tracki ng agents other means of protection
may be necessary and required.
6.11.6 Rev.5/08
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Practice Standards and Specifications
PROTECTIVE MATTING
Protective matting consists of an i mpervi ous cover secured to the soil surface
in I i eu of vegetative cover. It is used to protect and stabi I i ze the surf ace where
the process of seedi ng or pl anti ng forms of vegetation may cause more erosi on
and off si to sedi mentati on than appl i cati on of the mat. I t i s a1 so used where a
disturbed area is intended to lay fallow for a period of time before additional
constructi on or I and di sturbance takes pl ace. I f a pervi ous matti ng i s sell ected,
a combi nati on of vegetati on and matti ng i s requi red. Seeds can be appl i ed
prior to i nstal I ati on of the matting only after proper seedbed preparation
has been provided. Also, live stakes, dormant sprigs, and other vegetation
forms can be inserted in the pervious matting once it has been i nstal I ed. Pre
seeded pervious matting may be used for quicker root establishment and
stabilization only if certified dating and germination guarantees are provided.
The reviewing agency must approve all pre seeded matting on site prior to
installation. Matting that incorporates plastic mesh and/or plastic twine should
not be used in wetlands, riparian buffers or floodplains due to the potential
of small animal mortality. See Section 6.17 for detailed specifications and
recommended product applications.
STABILIZATION IN WETLANDS, RIPARIAN BUFFERS, AND
FLOODPLAINS
and disturbing activity involving streams, wetlands or other waterbodies
may also require permitting by the S.Army Corps of ngi neers or the N.C.
Division of ater uality.Approval of an erosion and sedimentation control
pl an i s condi ti oned upon the appl i cant s compl i ance wi th federal and State
water quality laws, regulations,and rules.Additionally, adraft plan should be
disapproved if implementation of the plan would result in aviolation of rules
adopted by the nvironmental anagement Commission to protect riparian
buffers along surface waters. Care should be taken in selecting vegetative
stabi I i zati on of wetlands and riparian buffers to comply with permitting
requirements of other agencies,as wel I as provide adequate ground cover.
Planning Considerations for Land Disturbing Activities Within Wetland,
Riparian,and Floodplain Areas
Wetlands,riparian areas,floodplains, and/or terrestrial areas between streams
and uplands, serve to buffer surface water and provide habitat for aquatic and
terrestrial flora and fauna. When cleared and disturbed, these sensitive areas
are difficult to protect. Because of their proximity to water courses,relatively
high ground water tables,and flooding potential, detailed analysis and design
is necessary to determine the appropriate erosion control measures during
construction. Determining the appropriate and most expeditious means of
permanent vegetative stabi I i zati on in these areas requires equal I y detai I ed
and ysi s and desi gn. The f of I owi ng condi derati ons for erosi on control and
stabi I i zati on shoul d be taken i nto account duri ng the deli gn phase of the I and
di sturbi ng proj ect where send ti ve areas are i nvol ved:
• Obtain soil tests to determine the soil type, pH, texture and available
nutri ents.
• Based on the soil tests provide a schedule of nutrients and other soil
amendments that wi I I be requi red.
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• Select a seeding mix of non-invasive species that will provide immediate
stabilization(a short-term environment that will support and compliment
permanent vegetative stabi I i zati on and include a selective ve native
species mix that will eventually provide a permanent cover(a long-term
envi ronment that,with mi ni mal mad ntenance,wi 11 provide adequate root
and I eaf cover .
• Invasive species are to be avoided. If native species and introduced non-
i nvasi ve seed sources are not avai I abl e, protective matti ng that wi I I hold
and foster the development of native cover from adjacent seed sources
shoul d be used. Conti nuous mai ntenance must be empl oyed unti I the
sel ected sped es have matured and are no I onger suscepti bl e to competi ti on
f rom i nvasi ve pl ants. I f no a1 ternati ve to the use of i nvasi ve seeds and
pl ants i s avai I abl e, i nvasi ves approved on the pl ans may be uti I i zed onl y
wi th stri ct contai nment measures outl i ned i n detail I on the pl ans, i n the
construction sequence and in the maintenance specifications.
• Aquickly germinating nurse crop ofnon-invasive,non-competitive annual
grass species can be used along with native seeding and/or matting. These
temporary systems should be pl anted at mi ni mat density so that they do
not i nhi bit the growth and establ i shment of the permanent,native species.
(See the plant chart in Table 6.1 La for recommended native and nurse
crop species.
• Seed bed preparation is key to successful establishment of seeds. Particular
care shoul d be taken, however,when worki ng i n wed ands, ri pari an areas,
or floodplains due to their sensitive nature. Careful consideration should
be gi ven to the types and pl acement of I arge equi pment worki ng i n these
areas. Thi s process must be outl i ned i n detai I on the pl an s constructi on
sequence.
• Installation techniques vary and should be planned for accordingly.
• A maintenance plan must be established for optimal plant establishment,
submi tted wi th the pl ans and i ncl uded i n the bi d I i st for the proj ect.
Like all construction sites,wetlands,riparian areas, and floodplains will vary
wi del y i n physi cal makeup across N orth Carol i na. D i fferent condi ti ons wi I I
dictate specific treatment, design and plant selection within the Mountains,
Piedmont, and Coastal PI al n regions. Soil tests, seedbed preparation,
mulching, matting, and madntenancewill be critical for successful vegetative
establishment and long term protection of these environmentally sensitive
areas. navoidable impacts to these areas during land disturbing activities
need to be addressed i n detail I on the plan sheets and construction sequence.
6.11.8 Rev.5/08
DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
Practice Standards and Specifications
Native Seed and Plant Selection for Stabilization of Wetlands, Riparian
Areas,and Floodplains
pon the completion of the land disturbing activity, vegetative cover must
be establ i shed on al I areas not stabi I i zed by other means. I f work i n these
areas stops for more than 15 working days, temporary vegetative cover and/
or matting must be applied to all disturbed areas. The goal is to protect these
areas f rom erosi on and to prevent sedi mentati on of adj acent streams,wed ands,
lakes,and other water bodies.
Planning considerations for wetlands, riparian areas and floodplains will
require additional research, detail and specifications. Native grasses are
usually required as a condition of a 401 Water Quality Certification or a trout
buffer vari ance.
N ati ve vegetati ve sped es are pl ant sped es that natural I y occur i n the regi on i n
whi ch they evol ved. These pl ants are adapted to I oval soi I types and cl i mati c
variations. ecause most nati ve sped es do not germi nate and establ i sh as
readi I y as some introduced species, it is necessary to provide a non native
nurse crop or matti ng to stabi I i ze the soi I unti I the nati ve crop can become
established as the dominant cover. Once established, the native plants will
produce an extensive root structure that,if properly maintained,will stabilize
soils and reduce erosive forces of rainfall and overland stormwater flow. Many
of these pl ants al so possess characteri sti cs that,when establ i shed,al I ow them
not only to survive, but also to thrive under local conditions.
Seeding a mixture of perennial native grasses, rushes, and sedges is a way
to establish permanent ground cover within wetlands, riparian areas and
floodplains. The use of propagated plants is another method of reestablishing
natives in these environments. Selecting a seed mixture and/or propagated
plants of different species with complimentary characteristics will provide
vegetation to fill select niches on sites with varying physical conditions.
The design professional should note that because most native species do not
germinate and establish as readi I y as some introduced species, it is necessary
to provide a non native nurse crop or matting to stabilize the Soil until the
native crop can become establ i shed as the dominant cover. For additional
information about acceptable nurse crop varieties, consult the pl anti ng I i st in
Appendix 8.02,local seed and plant suppliers,the North Carolina Cooperative
Extension Service or a qualified design professional to assure the proper
selection and plant mix.
Rev.5/08 6.11.
DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
Permanent native seed species within the seed mixture should be selected
based on natural occurrence of each species in the project si to area. CI i mate,
soi I s,topography,and aspect are maj or factors affecti ng the sui tabi I i ty of pl ants
for a particular site and these factors vary widely across North Carolina,with
the most significant contrasts occurring among the three major physiographic
regions of the state—Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. Sub-regions
of the state should also be considered. For example,the Triassic Basin in the
Piedmont region may have characteristics that call for special soi I treatment,
I i mi ted plant selection, and special maintenance. ven within the riparian
area, there may be need for different species depending on site conditions
(i.e., dry sandy alluvial floodplains with wet pockets). Therefore, thoughtful
pl anni ng i s requi red when sell ecti ng sped es for i ndi vi dual si tes i n order to
maximize successful vegetation establishment.
Native seed and plant species are included on the plant list in Appendix 8.02
of this manual.
The design professional should note that regardless of the benefits and
advantages of native seeds and plants, there are potential issues if proper
pl anni ng, i nstal I ati on and mai ntenance do not occur. These may i nd ude:
• Potential for erosion or washout during the establishment stage;
• Seasonal limitation on suitable seeding dates and availability of seed and
pl ants
• Adaptability of species at specific sites;
• Availability of water and appropriate temperatures during germination
and early growth and
• Lack of maintenance to control invasive plants and undesirable
competition.
PLANTING
• ee —Prepare the seed bed as described above in soil preparation. Apply
seed at rates specified on the plans, and/or as recommended in Tables
6.11a-c of this manual, with a cyclone seeder, prop type spreader, drill,
or hydroseeder on and/or into the prepared bed. Incorporate the seed
into the seed bed as specified. Provide finished grades as specified on
the approved pl an and caref ul I y cul ti pack the seedbed as terrai n al I ows.
I f terrai n does not al I ow for the use of a cul ti packer, the approved pl ans
and construction sequence must provide an alternative method of lightly
compacti ng the soi 1. ul ch i mmedi atel y.
• —Install onto the prepared seed bed per the most current
guidance in Carolina Lawns,NCSU Extension Bulletin AG-69,or Practice
6.12 Sodding.
6.11.10 Rev.5/08
DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9ClC-5EDDD8B50786
Practice Standards and Specifications
• Woody plants (liners, container, B&B)—These materials are typically
used to complement an herbaceous protective cover. They eventually
are ml or components of I ong term, permanent stabi I i zati on and shoul d
be chosen and planned in conjunction with immediate and long term
maintenance. The plants should be selected and specified by the design
professional for each individual project. See Practice 6.13 Trees, Shrubs,
Vines, and Ground Covers.
MAINTENANCE
The absence of or an incomplete landscape management specification and/
or compl ete mad ntenance schedul a shad I consti tute grounds for di sapproval of
the pl ans. Proper mad ntenance i s cri ti cal for the Conti nued stabi I i zati on once
vegetati ve cover i s establ i shed. AI though mad ntenance strategi es for different
si tes may be si mi I ar, no two constructi on si tes i n North Carol i na have been
or will be able to be controlled or protected in identical ways. Variations in
cl i mate,topography,soi I s,avai I abl a moi sture,si ze and many other condi ti ons
wi I I di ctate the mad ntenance methodol ogy to be used. A detai I ed schedul e of
mad ntenance wi I I be requi red on the pl ans. Thi s schedul a wi I I i I I ustrate how
the i ni ti al pl anti ng wi I I be mai ntai ned to assure i mmedi ate, short term and
permanent protection. The schedule will address topics such as appropriate
i rri gati on of pl ants duri ng the earl y establ i shment phase, drought conditi ons,
excessive rainfall, mulch replacement, supplemental seeding, supplemental
soi I s tests, application of nutrients and amendments, control of competitive
and i nvasi ve sped es, di sease and i nsect control, and correcti ve mad ntenance,
measures to address fai I ure of vegetati on to become establ i shed. Contractual
respond bi I i ty f or mad ntenance after i ni ti al establ i shment of vegetati ve cover
wi I I be provi ded on the pl ans, i n the constructi on sequence and on the bi d I i st
for the project. Maintenance bonds and/or warranty guarantee may be required
of the respond bl e party,especi al I y for areas i n or adj acent to envi ronmental I y
sensitive sites such as wetlands, riparian buffers, floodplains, and waters of
the State. See Example 6.11a for a sample maintenance specification and a
mi ni mum mai ntenance check I i st that shad I be provi ded on a1 I pl ans.
RECOMMENDED BID LIST
(These items should be itemized on documents utilized to obtain pricing for
pl anti ng pertai ni ng to vegetati ve stabi I i zati on of I and di sturbi ng proj ects i n
North Carol i na.
• Soil test prior to grading(price per each test).
• Soil test during grading operations(price per each test).
• Soil test at completion of grading and/or prior to seeding, sprigging,
sodding and application of f erti I i zer, I i me, and other soil amendments
(price per each test).
• Ripping/subsoiling to a depth of six(6)inches. (Provide an alternate for
ripping to a depth greater than six(6)inches.) (price per acre)
• Tilling/discing ripped area to a depth of four(4)inches and re-compacting
with a cultipacker roller(include in seeding price).
Rev.5/08 6.11.11
DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
• Seeding(price per square foot).
• Mulching(price per square foot).
• Repair seeding(price per square foot).
• Repair mulching(price per square foot).
• Matting(price per square yard).
• Watering(price per thousand gallons).
• Mowing(price per square foot).
SEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS
The following tables list herbaceous plants recommended for use as nurse
crops for i mmedi ate stabi I i zati on and primary crops for initial and long term
stabilization. Nurse crops are expected to develop in two to five weeks and,
with adequate maintenance, be an effective method of soil stabilization for
a period of six months to one year. Nurse crops are not effective as primary
long term cover, however if properly maintained they can be an adequate
cover and protecti on for the devel opment of pri mary crops.
The goal for a pri mary crop i s for i t to devel op over a three week to one year
period and be effective up to three years with a well-defined maintenance
program. The long term goal for a primary crop is the initial step toward
a sustainable protective cover without the need of maintenance. here the
pri mary crop is i ntended for a managed lawn and landscape aesthetics, the
effective period can be extended by a more intense maintenance program.
here native species are uti I i zed and become establ i shed during the planned
mad ntenance program, a permanent cover that wi I I support f uture successi on
species should exist and require little or no additional maintenance or
management.
I n uses of both nurse and pri mary crops,the devel opment peri ods I i sted on the
tables are optimal based on normal climatic conditions for the pl anti ng dates
I i sted. The sedi ment and erosi on control mad ntenance program must recogni ze
that optimum temperatures and rainfall are the exception rather than the rule.
The design professional needs to provide flexibility in the stabilization plan
to address the potential ranges of temperature and moisture conditions we
experience in North Carolina.
6.11.1 Rev.5/08
DocuSign Envelope ID:AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
Practice Standards and Specifications
I nformati on i s provi ded for seedi ng rates,opti mum pl anti ng dates i n the state s
three regi ons, sun and shade toll erance, i nvasi ve characteri sti cs, compati bi I i ty
i n wetl ands and ri pari an buffers, and i nstal I ati on mai ntenance consi derati ons.
y goi ng through the I i sts the desi gn prof essi onal can sel ect the nurse and
pri mary seed vari eti es and mad ntenance characteri sti cs they fed are best sui ted
for their site conditions, vegetation management expertise and maintenance
capabi I i ti es.
To use the i nformati on i n the seedi ng charts the pl an preparer must:
• Determine what nurse crop best fits their site, soil conditions, and
permanent seed mix.
• Obtain soil tests for all areas to be seeded.
• Know the site's region: mountains,piedmont,or coastal plain.
• Know if the areas to be seeded are sunny,part shade,or full shade.
• Know if the areas are well or poorly drained.
• Know if wetlands or riparian buffers are included in the areas to be
seeded.
• Know if a chosen crop is invasive and if so,what potential impacts it will
have on the si to and adjacent properties.
ith this knowledge the plan preparation may proceed utilizing the charts
provided to provide the several seed mixes that will be applicable to the
different areasrequiring stabilization.
Rev.5/08 6.11.13
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HERBACEOUS PLANTS-Seeding recommendations for immediate stabilization/nurse crops o
(2 to 5 weeks for development; effectiveness goal: 6 months to 1 year stabilization) Table 6.11.a m
1 NURSE CROP SPECIES
D
Optimal Planting Dates m
Fertilization/ W A
Native/ Seeding Rates limestone coastal Sun/Shade Riparian Invasive Installation/Maintenance N
Common Name Botanical Name Introduced lbs/acre lbs/acre Mountains Piedmont Plains tolerant Wetlands Buffers Yes or No Considerations Other information,commentary A
-Rye Grain Secale cerea/e 1 40 lbs B soil test 11/1-4/30 8/15-4115 8/15-4/15 Sun Yes Yes No Must be mown to reduce T
CD
competitiveness with v
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permanent or long term m
vegetation -11
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Wheat Triticum aestivum 1 30 Ibs By soil test 11/1-4/30 8/15-5115 8/15-4/15 Sun Yes Yes No Must be mown to reduce Not water tolerant. May be used 0
competitiveness with in wetlands that are not
(7
permanent or long term continuously saturated. n
vegetation
m
German Millet Setaria italica 1 10 lbs By soil test 5/11-9/30 5/15-8/15 4/15-8115 Sun Yes Yes No Crop should be cut/disc Not water tolerant. May be used 0
nor to planting primaryor in wetlands that are not 0
Ion term vegetation continuous) saturated. o,
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Browntop Millet Urochloa ramosa 1 10 lbs By soil test 5/11-9/30 5/15-8/15 4/15-8/15 Sun Yes Yes No Crop should be cut/disc Not water tolerant. May be used
00
prior to planting primary or in wetlands that are not rn
long term vegetation continuously saturated.
Sudan grass(hybridL(hybrids Sorghum saccharatum 1 15 lbs By soil test NR NR 4/15-8/15 Sun No No Yes jCrop should be cut/disc Use only where plants and seed
S.bicolorssp.Drummondi prior to planting primary or can be contained and controlled.
long term vegetation
Kobe Lespedeza Kummerowia striate v.kobe 1 10 lbs By soil test 5/1-9/1 5/1-9/1 5/1-9/1 Sun No No No Consult qualified Use in Coastal Plain
horticulturalist or extension
agent for over-seeding
with primary cover
Korean Lespedeza Kummerowia stipulacea 1 10 lbs By soil test 5/1-9/1 5/1-9/1 5/1-9/1 Sun No No No Consult qualified Use in Piedmont and
horticulturalist or extension Mountains.May become
agent for over-seeding invasive
with primary cover
NOTES:
1. Seeding rates are for hulled seed unless otherwise noted.
2. Fertilizer&Limestone-rates to be applied in absense of soils tests. Recommended application rate assumes significantly disturbed site soils with little or no residual value.
3. NR means Species not recommended for this region or application area.
4. Invasive designation as determined by the N.C.Exotic Pest Pant Council and N.C.Native Plant Society.
5. Sprigging is not recommended for immediate stabilization unless terrain is flat heavy mulch is applied and no other immediate stabilization method is practical.
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00 Successful development depends on planting date (effectiveness goal: 6 mo.-3 yrs.without an ongoing maintenance program) Table 6.11.b W
NON-NATIVE SPECIES i"
N
Optimal Planting Dates A
to
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Broadcast -1
Seeding Fertilization/ f
Botanical Name/ Native/ Rates limestone coastal Sun/Shade Riparian Invasive Installation/Maintenance
Common Name Cultivar Introduced lbs/acre lbs/acre Mountains Piedmont Plains tolerant Wetlands Buffers Yes or No Considerations Other information,commentary -11
p
Sericea Lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata 1 15 lbs By soil test 9/1-6/1 9/1-5/1 10/1-4/1 Sun NR NR Yes Responds well to controlled Severe Threat co
v
Dumont' burns Invasive species �
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Crown Vetch Securigera vana 1 15 lbs By soil test 3/15-4/30 NR NR Sun NR NR Yes Highly competitive, Prefers neutral soils 0
o,
(Coronilla varia) not recommended unless O7
an acceptable alternative o
is not available. 00
rn
Centipede Grass Eremochloa ophiuroi 1 5 lbs By soil test NR Eastern 9/1-5/1 Sun NR NR No Significant maintenance Does not tolerate high traffic.
10 lbs.for road shoulders only may be required to obtain Acceptable for sodding
desired cover
KY 31 Tall Fescue Schedonorus phoeni I 100 lbs By soil test 8115-5/1 9/1-4/15 9/30-3/15 Sun/ NR NR Yes If utilized,it is imperative Acceptable for sodding
(Festuca arundinacea) mod.Shade that maintenance includes
a containment plan
KY Blue Grass Poe pratensis 1 15 lbs By soil test 8/15-5/1 NR NR Sun NR NR Yes If utilized,it is imperative Prefers neutral soils,highly
that maintenance includes competitive,not recommended
a containment plan unless an acceptable alternative
is not available.
Acceptable for sodding
A
n
Hard Fescue Festuca brevipila 1 15 lbs By soil test 8/1-6/1 NR NR Shade NR NR No Not recommended for Low growing,bunch grass
(Festuca longifolia) slopes greater than 5% M
Bermuda Grass Cynodon dacVon 1 25 lbs By soil test NR 4/15-6/30 4/15-6/30 Sun NR NR Yes If utilized,it is imperative Extremely aggressive,not
that maintenance includes recommended and should be a
a containment plan avoided unless an acceptable O
alternative is not available.
May be sodded or sprigged rai'
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1 HERBACEOUS PLANTS-Seeding recommendations for primary stabilization m
Successfull development depends on planting date(effectiveness goal: 6 mo.-3 yrs.without an ongoing maintenance program) Table 6.11.c 0
NATIVE SPECIES D
m
Optimal Planting Dates A
00
N
A
W
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611d ore Fertilization/ Invasive
Botanical Name/ Native/ variety limestone Coastal Sun/Shade Riparian Yes or Installation/Maintenance Other information, I j
Common Name Cultivar Introduced seedling rates Ibs/acre Mountains Piedmont Plains tolerant Wetlands Buffers No Considerations commentary -11
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum/ N A By soil test 12/1-4/15 NR NR Sun NR Nell drain No Responds well to 0
eD
Cave-in-Rock only controlled burns. Mix with • p
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil n
drainage ada tations. n
cn
switch grass Panicum virgatum/ A By soil test 12/1-4/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun NR Nell drain No Responds well to mp
Blackwell N only controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties 00
that have similar soil W
Ul
drainage adaptations. o
V
OJ
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum/ N A By soil test 12/1-4/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun NR Nell drain No Responds well to rn
Shelter only controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
drainage adaptations.
Switch grass Panicum vir atum/ N A By soil test 12/1-4/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun Yes Yes No Responds well to
Carthage controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
drainage adaptations.
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum/ N A By soil test 12/14/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun No Poorly No Responds well to
Kanlow I drained controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
drainage adaptations.
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum/ N A By soil test NR 12/1-5/1 1/1-5/1 Sun No Poorly No Responds well to
Alamo drained controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
drainage adaptations.
Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans/ N B By soil test 12/14/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun NR Well No Responds well to Western coastal plain only
Rumsey drained controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
drainage adaptations.
Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans/ N B By soil test 12/1-4/15 12/1-4/1 12/14/1 Sun NR Well No Responds well to Western coastal plain only
Osage drained controlled burns. Mix with
3 to 5 other seed varieties
that have similar soil
00 drainage adaptations.
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Rev. 5/08 6.11.1HERBACEOUS PLANTS-Seeding recommendations for primary stabilizationSuccessfull development depends on planting date (effectiveness goal: 6 mo. - 3 yrs. without an ongoing maintenance program) NATIVE SPECIES Optimal Planting Dates Common NameBotanical Name / CultivarNative / Introduced Fertilization/ limestone lbs/acreMountains PiedmontCoastal Plains Sun/Shade tolerant WetlandsRiparian BuffersInvasive Yes or NoInstallation / Maintenance ConsiderationsOther information, commentary Cheyennedraineddrainage adaptations.IndiangrassSorghastrum nutans /NBBy soil testNR 12/1 - 5/1 1/1 -5/1SunNR Well No Responds well toOnly Indiangrass adaptable toLomentadrainedcontrolled burns. Mix with Eastern coastal plain (Zone 8)3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.DeertongueDichantheliumNCBy soil test5/1-4/15 5/1 - 4/1 NRSun &Yes Poorly No Responds well toclandestinum / TiogaShadedrained tocontrolled burns. Mix withdrought 3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii /NDBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 NRSunNR Welll No Responds well toWarm season grassRountreedrainedcontrolled burns. Mix with3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii /NDBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 NRSunNR Welll No Responds well to Warm season grassKawdrained controlled burns. Mix with3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii /NDBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 12/1-5/1SunNR Welll No Responds well to Warm season grassEarldrained controlled burns. Mix with3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Little BluestemSchizachyriumNEBy soil test12/1-4/15 NR NRSunNR Welll No Responds well to Warm season grassscoparium / Aldousdrained controlled burns. Mix with3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Little BluestemSchizachyriumNEBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 NRSunNR Welll No Responds well to Warm season grassscoparium / Cimmarondrained controlled burns. Mix with3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Table 6.11.c (con't)IndiangrassSorghastrum nutans /NBBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 12/1-4/1SunNR Well No Western coastal plain onlyResponds well to controlled varieties that have similar soilburns. Mix with 3 to 5 other seedSee Table 6. .d forvariety11seedling ratesDocuSign Envelope ID: AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
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6.11.18 Rev. 5/08HERBACEOUS PLANTS-Seeding recommendations for primary stabilizationSuccessfull development depends on planting date (effectiveness goal: 6 mo. - 3 yrs. without an ongoing maintenance program) NATIVE SPECIES Optimal Planting Dates Common NameBotanical Name / CultivarNative / Introduced Fertilization/ limestone lbs/acreMountains PiedmontCoastal Plains Sun/Shade tolerant WetlandsRiparian BuffersInvasive Yes or NoInstallation / Maintenance ConsiderationsOther information, commentary 3 to 5 other seed varietiesthat have similar soildrainage adaptations.Sweet WoodreedCinna arundinaceaNFBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 12/1-4/1Sun &Yes Poorly to No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed Warm season grassmod. Shadewell drained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsRice CutgrassLeersia oryzoidesNGBy soil test12/1-4/15 12/1 - 4/1 12/1-4/1SunYes Poorly No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed Warm season grassdrained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsIndian WoodoatsChasmanthium lati oliumNHBy soil test3/1 - 5/15 2/15 - 4/1 2/15-3/20Sun &NR Well No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed Cool season grass7/15-8/15 8/15 - 10/159/1 - 11/1mod. Shadedrained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsVirginia Wild RyeElymus irginicusNIBy soil test3/1 - 5/15 2/15 - 4/1 2/15-3/20Sun &NR Well No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed Cool season grass7/15-8/15 8/15 - 10/159/1 - 11/1mod. Shadedrained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsElymus hystriNJBy soil test3/1 - 5/15 2/15 - 4/1 NRSun &NR Well No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed Cool season grass7/15-8/15 8/15 - 10/15mod. Shadedrained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsSoft Rushuncus e ususNKBy soil test12/1 - 5/15 12/1 - 5/1 12/1-4/15 Sun Yes Poorly No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed8/15-10/15 9/1 - 11/1 drained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsShallow SedgeCare luridaNLBy soil test12/1 - 5/15 12/1 - 5/1 12/1-4/15 Sun Yes Poorly No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed8/15-10/15 9/1 - 11/1 drained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsFox SedgeCare ulpinoideaNLBy soil test12/1 - 5/15 12/1 - 5/1 12/1-4/15 Sun Yes Poorly No Mix with 3 to 5 other seed8/15-10/15 9/1 - 11/1 drained varieties that have similarsoil drainage adaptationsNOTE:1. Seeding rates are for hulled seed unless otherwise noted.2. Fertilizer & Limestone - rates to be applied in absense of soils tests. Recommended application rate assumes significantly disturbed site soils with little or no residual value. 3. NR means Species not recommended for this region or application area. 4. Native, warm season grasses require six or more months to germinate under optimum conditions. If they are planted in the summer, then a whole year will have to pass before they germinate. 5. Invasive designation as determined by the N.C. Exotic Pest Pant Council and N.C. Native Plant Society . 6. Sprigging is not recommended for immediate stabilization unless terrain is flat, heavymulch is applied and no other immediate stabilization method is practical.7. Sodding for immediate stabilization - see primary stabilization charts (other information column) and Section .8. Long term stabilization can only be accomplished with an adequate, immediate, and primary stabilization program. To achieve long term protective cover with the species listed inthis chart, the approved plan, construction sequence and maintenance schedule must include sufficient detail to assure vegetation will be established and maintained. To assure thelong term protective cover will be established, the reviewing and approving governing body may require a performance/maintenance bond.Table 6.11.c (con't)Little BluestemSchizachyriumNEBy soil testNR NR 12/1-4/1SunNR Welll No Responds well to Warm season grassscoparium / Commondrained controlled burns. Mix withEastern BottlebrushGrassSee Table 6. .d forvariety11seedling rates6. 21DocuSign Envelope ID: AEB4824B-973E-408D-9C1C-5EDDD8B50786
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6.14.1
MULCHING
'H¿QLWLRQ Application of a protective blanket of straw or other plant residue, gravel, or
synthetic material to the soil surface.
3XUSRVH To protect the soil surface from the forces of raindrop impact and overland
flow. Mulch fosters the growth of vegetation, reduces evaporation, insulates
the soil, and suppresses weed growth. Mulch is frequently used to accent
landscape plantings.
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3UDFWLFH$SSOLHV
Mulch temporary or permanent seedings immediately. Areas that cannot
be seeded because of the season should be mulched to provide temporary
protection of the soil surface. Use an organic mulch in this case (but not wood
fiber), and seed the area as soon as possible. Mulch around plantings of trees,
shrubs, or ground covers to stabilize the soil between plants.
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A surface mulch is the most effective, practical means of controlling runoff
and erosion on disturbed land prior to vegetation establishment. Mulch
reduces soil moisture loss by evaporation, prevents crusting and sealing of the
soil surface, moderates soil temperatures, provides a suitable microclimate for
seed germination, and may increase the infiltration rate of the soil.
Organic mulches such as straw, wood chips, and shredded bark have been
found to be the most effective. Do not use materials which may be sources
of competing weed and grass seeds. Decomposition of some wood products
can tie up significant amounts of soil nitrogen, making it necessary to modify
fertilization rates, or add fertilizer with the mulch (Table 6.14a).
A variety of mats and fabrics have been developed in recent years for use as
mulch, particularly in critical areas such as waterways and channels. Various
types of netting materials are also available to anchor organic mulches.
Chemical soil stabilizers or soil binders, when used alone, are less effective
than other types of mulches. These products are primarily useful for tacking
wood fiber mulches.
The choice of materials for mulching should be based on soil conditions,
season, type of vegetation, and size of the area. A properly applied and tacked
mulch is always beneficial. It is especially important when conditions for
germination are not optimum, such as midsummer and early winter, and on
difficult areas such as cut slopes and slopes with southern exposures.
25*$1,&08/&+(6
6WUDZ is the mulch most commonly used in conjunction with seeding. The
straw should come from wheat or oats (“small grains”), and may be spread by
hand or with a mulch blower. Straw may be lost to wind, and must be tacked
down.
Wood chips are suitable for areas that will not be closely mowed, and around
ornamental plantings. Chips do not require tacking. Because they decompose
slowly, they must be treated with 12 pounds of nitrogen per ton to prevent
6.14
Attachment C - NCDEQ Mulching Specs
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6.14.2
Table 6.14a
Mulching Materials and Application Rates
Material
Organic Mulches
Rate Per Acre Quality Notes
6WUDZ WRQV 'U\XQFKRSSHG
XQZHDWKHUHG DYRLG
ZHHGV
6KRXOGFRPHIURPZKHDWRURDWV
VSUHDGE\KDQGRUPDFKLQH PXVW
EHWDFNHGGRZQ
:RRGFKLSV WRQV $LUGU\ 7UHDWZLWKOEVQLWURJHQWRQ$SSO\
ZLWKPXOFKEORZHUFKLSKDQGOHURU
E\KDQG1RWIRUXVHLQ¿QHWXUI
:RRG¿EHU WRQV $OVRUHIHUUHGWRDVZRRGFHOOXORVH
0D\EHK\GURVHHGHG'RQRWXVHLQ
KRWGU\ZHDWKHU
%DUN FXELF\DUGV $LUGU\VKUHGGHGRU
KDPPHUPLOOHGRUFKLSV
$SSO\ZLWKPXOFKEORZHUFKLS
KDQGOHURUE\KDQG'RQRWXVH
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LQOHQJWKV
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6HULFHD
OHVSHGH]D
VHHGEHDULQJ
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WRQV *UHHQRUGU\ VKRXOG
FRQWDLQPDWXUHVHHG
Nets and Mats1
-XWHQHW &RYHUDUHD +HDY\XQLIRUP ZRYHQ
RIVLQJOHMXWH\DUQ
:LWKVWDQGVZDWHUÀRZ%HVWZKHQ
XVHGZLWKRUJDQLFPXOFK
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XVHGZLWKRUJDQLFPXOFK
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GUDZQJODVVERXQG
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DJHQW
$SSO\ZLWKDFRPSUHVVHGDLUHMHFWRU
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UDWHRIJDOVTIW
Chemical Stabilizers2
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15HIHUWR3UDFWLFH1RGrass Lined Channels.
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6.14.3
nutrient deficiency in plants. This can be an inexpensive mulch if chips are
obtained from trees cleared on the site.
%DUNFKLSVDQGVKUHGGHGEDUN are by-products of timber processing often
used in landscape plantings. Bark is also a suitable mulch for areas planted
to grasses and not closely mowed. It may be applied by hand or with a mulch
blower. Unlike wood chips, the use of bark does not require additional
nitrogen fertilizer.
:RRG¿EHU refers to short cellulose fibers applied as a slurry in hydroseeding
operations. Wood fiber does not require tacking, although tacking agents
or soil binders can easily be added to the slurry. Wood fiber hydroseeder
slurries may be used to tack straw mulch on steep slopes, critical areas, and
where harsh climatic conditions exist. :RRG¿EHUPXOFKGRHVQRWSURYLGH
VXI¿FLHQWHURVLRQSURWHFWLRQWREHXVHGDORQH.
There are other organic materials that make excellent mulches, but may only be
available locally or seasonally, for example: dried sewage sludge, corn stalks,
animal manure, pine boughs, cotton burs, peanut hulls, and hay. Creative use
of these materials can reduce costs.
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A wide range of synthetic mulching compounds is available to stabilize and
protect the soil surface. These include emulsions or dispersions of vinyl
compounds, asphalt, or rubber mixed with water. They may be used alone, or
may be used to tack wood fiber hydromulches.
When used alone, chemical mulches do not insulate the soil or retain moisture,
and therefore do little to aid seedling establishment. They are easily damaged
by traffic, are usually more expensive than organic mulches, and they
decompose in 60-90 days.
&KHFN ODEHOV RQ FKHPLFDO PXOFKHV DQG ELQGHUV IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO
FRQFHUQV7DNHSUHFDXWLRQVWRDYRLGGDPDJHWR¿VKZLOGOLIHDQGZDWHU
resources.
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Netting is very effective in holding mulch in place on waterways and slopes
before grasses become established.
Mats promote seedling growth in the same way as organic mulches. They are
very useful in establishing grass in channels and waterways. A wide variety
of synthetic and organic materials are available. “Excelsior” is a wood fiber
mat, and should not be confused with wood fiber slurry.
When installing nets and mats, it is critical to obtain a firm, continuous contact
between the material and the soil. Without such contact, the material is useless,
and erosion will occur underneath.
)LEHUJODVVURYLQJ consists of continuous strands of fiberglass which, when
blown onto the soil surface from a special compressed air ejector, form a mat
of glass fibers. This mat must then be tacked down with asphalt.
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6.14.4 Rev. 12/93
&RQVWUXFWLRQ
6SHFL¿FDWLRQV
6HOHFWDPDWHULDO based on site and practice requirements, availability of
material, labor, and equipment. Table 6.14a lists commonly used mulches and
some alternatives.
%HIRUHPXOFKLQJ, complete the required grading, install sediment control
practices, and prepare the seedbed. Apply seed before mulching except in the
following cases:
• Seed is applied as part of a hydroseeder slurry containing wood fiber
mulch.
• A hydroseeder slurry is applied over straw.
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Organic mulches are effective where they can be tacked securely to the surface.
Material and specifications are given in Table 6.14a.
Spread mulch uniformly by hand, or with a mulch blower. When spreading
straw mulch by hand, divide the area to be mulched into sections of
approximately 1,000 ft2, and place 70-90 lb of straw ( 1 1/2 to 2 bales) in each
section to facilitate uniform distribution. After spreading mulch, no more than
25% of the ground surface should be visible. In hydroseeding operations a
green dye, added to the slurry, assures a uniform application.
$1&+25,1*25*$1,&08/&+
6WUDZ PXOFK PXVW EH DQFKRUHG LPPHGLDWHO\ DIWHU VSUHDGLQJ. The
following methods of anchoring mulch may be used:
Mulch anchoring tool—A tractor-drawn implement designed to punch mulch
into the soil, a mulch anchoring tool provides maximum erosion control with
straw. A regular farm disk, weighted and set nearly straight, may substitute,
but will not do a job comparable to the mulch anchoring tool. The disk should
not be sharp enough to cut the straw. These methods are limited to slopes no
steeper than 3:1, where equipment can operate safely. Operate machinery on
the contour.
/LTXLGPXOFKELQGHUV—Application of liquid mulch binders and tackifiers
should be heaviest at the edges of areas and at crests of ridges and banks,
to resist wind. Binder should be applied uniformly to the rest of the area.
Binders may be applied after mulch is spread, or may be sprayed into the
mulch as it is being blown onto the soil. Applying straw and binder together
is the most effective method. Liquid binders include asphalt and an array of
commercially available synthetic binders.
Emulsified asphalt is the most commonly used mulch binder. Any type thin
enough to be blown from spray equipment is satisfactory. Asphalt is classified
according to the time it takes to cure. Rapid setting (RS or CRS designation)
is formulated for curing in less than 24 hours, even during periods of high
humidity; it is best used in spring and fall. Medium setting (MS or CMS) is
formulated for curing within 24 to 48 hours, and slow setting (SS or CSS) is
formulated for use during hot, dry weather, requiring 48 hours or more curing
time.
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Apply asphalt at 0.10 gallons per square yard (10 gal/1,000 ft2). Heavier
applications cause straw to “perch” over rills.
In traffic areas, uncured asphalt can be picked up on shoes and cause damage
to rugs, clothing etc. Use types RS or CRS to minimize such problems.
Synthetic binders such as Petroset, Terratack, and Aerospray may be used, as
recommended by the manufacturer, to anchor mulch. These are expensive,
and therefore usually used in small areas or in residential areas where asphalt
may be a problem (Use of trade names does not constitute an endorsement).
Mulch nettings—Lightweight plastic, cotton, jute, wire, or paper nets may be
stapled over the mulch according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (see
“Nets and Mats” below).
3HJDQGWZLQH—Because it is labor-intensive, this method is feasible only in
small areas where other methods cannot be used. Drive 8-10 inch wooden
pegs to within 3 inches of the soil surface, every 4 feet in all directions. Stakes
may be driven before or after straw is spread. Secure mulch by stretching
twine between pegs in a criss-cross-within-a-square pattern. Turn twine two
or more times around each peg. Twine may be tightened over the mulch by
driving pegs further into the ground.
9HJHWDWLRQ—Rye (grain) may be used to anchor mulch in fall plantings, and
German millet in spring. Broadcast at 15 lb/acre before applying mulch.
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Chemical mulches may be effective for soil stabilization if used between May
1 and June 15, or Sept. 15 and Oct. 15, provided that they are used on slopes no
steeper than 4:1, and that proper seedbed preparation has been accomplished,
including surface roughening where required.
Chemical mulches may be used to bind other mulches, or with wood fiber in a
hydroseeded slurry at any time. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations
for application.
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Fiberglass roving (“roving”) is wound into a cylindrical package so that it can
be continuously withdrawn from the center using a compressed air ejector.
Roving expands into a mat of glass fibers as it contacts the soil surface. It is
often used over a straw mulch, but must still be tacked with asphalt.
Spread roving uniformly over the area at a rate of 0.25 to 0.35 lb/yd2. Anchor
with asphalt immediately after application, at a rate of 0.25 to 0.35 gal/yd2.
As a channel lining, and at other sites of concentrated flow, the roving mat
must be further anchored to prevent undermining. It may be secured with
stakes placed at intervals no greater than 10 feet along the drainageway, and
randomly throughout its width, but not more than 10 feet apart. As an option
to staking, the roving can be buried to a depth of 5 inches at the upgrade end
and at intervals of 50 feet along the length of the channel.
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Nets alone generally provide little moisture conservation benefits and only
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6.14.6 Rev. 12/93
limited erosion protection. Therefore, they are usually used in conjunction
with an organic mulch such as straw.
Except when wood fiber slurry is used, netting should always be installed over
the mulch. Wood fiber may be sprayed on top of an installed net.
Mats, including “excelsior” (wood fiber) blankets, are considered protective
mulches and may be used alone, on erodible soils, and during all times of the
year. Place the matting in firm contact with the soil, and staple securely.
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Products designed to control erosion should be installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions. Any mat or blanket-type product used as a
protective mulch should provide cover of at least 30% of the surface where it
is applied. Installation is illustrated in Figure 6.14a.
1. Apply lime, fertilizer, and seed before laying the net or mat.
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2.Start laying the net from the top of the channel or slope, and unroll it down
the grade.$OORZQHWWLQJWROD\ORRVHO\RQWKHVRLORUPXOFKFRYHUEXW
ZLWKRXWZULQNOHV²GRQRWVWUHWFK.
3. To secure the net, bury the upslope end in a slot or trench no less than 6
inches deep, cover with soil, and tamp firmly as shown in Figure 6.14a. Staple
the net every 12 inches across the top end and every 3 ft around the edges and
bottom. Where 2 strips of net are laid side by side, the adjacent edges should
be overlapped 3 inches and stapled together. Each strip of netting should also
be stapled down the center, every 3 ft. 'RQRWVWUHWFKWKHQHWZKHQDSSO\LQJ
staples.
4. To join two strips, cut a trench to anchor the end of the new net. Overlap the
end of the previous roll 18 inches, as shown in Figure 6.14a, and staple every
12 inches just below the anchor slot.
0DLQWHQDQFH Inspect all mulches periodically, and after rainstorms to check for rill erosion,
dislocation or failure. Where erosion is observed, apply additional mulch. If
washout occurs, repair the slope grade, reseed and reinstall mulch. Continue
inspections until vegetation is firmly established.
5HIHUHQFHV Surface Stabilization
6.11, Permanent Seeding
Appendix
8.02, Vegetation Tables
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