HomeMy WebLinkAboutHPC agenda 022598 ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
306F REVERE ROAD
HILLSBOROUGH , NORTH CAROLINA 27278
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MEMO UM
TO : Historic Preservation Commission
FROM : Donald R. Belk, Preservation Planner
SUBJECT : Historic Preservation Commission Meeting, February 25 , 1998
DATE . February 18 , 1998
COPIES : Gene Bell, Acting Planning Director
Emily Cameron, Planner II/Landscape Architect
Landmark designations : The owners of four National Register properties (Bingham School,
Rigsbee Dock House, Chatwood, and Moorefields) have agreed to local designation. Certified
letters have been sent to each owner as well as to every property owner within 500 feet of the
proposed landmark. We ' ll review the Landmark Designation Reports that will be submitted to
the State Historic Preservation Office pending your acceptance and approval to forward for
SHPO review. The National Register nominations for these sites are enclosed .
National Register Nomination : Dr. Arch Jordan House. The SHPO has approved the
National Register nomination for the Arch Jordan House, which was discussed with Dr. Zahniser
(the nomination preparer) last month. In March, the HPC will hold a public hearing on the
proposed nomination.
I look forward to seeing you on Wednesday, February 25 at 7 : 00 p. m. in the Planning and
Agriculture Center conference room.
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AGENDA
ORANGE COUNTY
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMIMIISSION
CONFERENCE ROOM #1 - PLANNING & AGRICULTURAL CENTER
306 REVERE ROAD
HILLSBOROUGH, NORTH CAROLINA
February 25, 1998
TIME PAGE AGENDA ITEM
7:00 1 . CALL TO ORDER
2 . CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONS TO AGENDA
7: 05 3 . APPROVAL OF MINA
01 a. January 28 , 1998
7: 10 4. CHAIR CONEM9 NTS
7: 15 5. ITEMS FOR DECISION
a. Consideration of Landmark Designation Reports
07 ( 1 ) Bingham School
23 (2) Chatwood
35 (3) Moorefields
41 (4) Rigsbee ' s Rock House
8 :00 6. ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION
53 a. Dr. Arch Jordan House National Register Nomination
77 b . Landmark Designation Priority List :
( 1 ) Smith-Cole House
(2) Pittard Place
(3) Benjamin Duke House
c . Minor Subdivision Application: Impact on Archeological Resources
89 d. 1998 Goals and Objectives for the Historic Preservation Commission
6. INFORMATIONAL ITEMS
91 a. Building Success: 1998 Historic Preservation Commission Conference, April 1748 , Raleigh, NC ,
Registration Form
95 b . HPC Monthly Report to the PlanningBoard
97 c . National Park Service Cultural Resources Strategic Plan
9: 00 7 . ADJOURNMENT
IF UNABLE TO ATTEND THIS MEETING, PLEASE CALL THE PLANNING DEPARTMENT AT EXTENSION 2594
(NUMBERS LISTED BELOW) . STAFF CAN THEN DETERMINE IF QUORUM WILL BE PRESENT FOR THE MEETING .
HILLSBOROUGH - 732-8181 CHAPEL HILL - 967-9251
MEBANE - 227-2031 DURHAM - 688=7331
001
MINUTES
Historic Preservation Commission
January 28 , 1998
Members Present : Tom Allison, Chair
Jean Anderson
Todd Dickinson
Carl Lloyd
Robert Rich
Cynthia Satterfield, Vice Chair
Patricia Samford
Staff Present . Don Belk
AGENDA ITEM #1 : CALL TO ORDER
Allison called the meeting to order at 70. 00 p . m .
AGENDA ITEM #2 : CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONS TO AGENDA
Belk has hand-outs that will be given out later.
AGENDA ITEM #3 : APPROVAL OF MINUTES
a. November 25, 1997
MOTION : Satterfield moved that the minutes from the November 25 , 1997 meeting be
approved. Seconded by Rich.
VOTE : Unanimous.
AGENDA ITEM #4 : CHAIR COMMENTS
AGENDA ITEM #50 ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION/DECISION
a . 1998 Goals and Objectives for the Historic Preservation Commission
Belk stated that the request to prepare a National Register Nomination for the Saint Mary ' s
Road/Trading Path Corridor has been added . The Board of Commissioners unanimously
approved for the Historic Preservation Commission to apply for that grant and it has been
mailed .
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Belk stated that the Board of Commissioners is holding a work session on February 10 , 1998 .
Each Commission Chair has five minutes to give a pitch for what they want in the coming fiscal
year. Belk recommended that the Historic Preservation Commission ask the Board of
Commissioners for $ 5 , 000 to be combined with other funds and contributions to publish the
Mattson manuscript. These requested funds would be combined with a $ 5 , 000 loan from the
North Carolina Federation of Historical Societies and other state grant money, along with private
donations . Recoup of County costs and loan repayment would be achieved through publication
sales .
Belk stated that another goal for the upcoming fiscal year would be to continue the annual
funding for the Landmark Designation Program . The $ 10 , 000 that is there will be spent in the
current year and the Board of Commissioners will be asked to continue funding the program.
Belk stated that one of the goals has already been met . Matching funds for the Saint Mary ' s
Road/Trading Path Historic Corridor project were requested and if the grant is accepted, the
County has tentatively agreed to put up the matching funds . The Historic Preservation
Commission should hear something from this grant in late March or early April .
Allison stated that he will attend the work session on February 10th and requested input from the
Historic Preservation Commission members of what order these should be stressed.
The Commission agreed that an immediate goal is the manuscript followed by the Saint Mary ' s
Road/Trading Path Historic Corridor.
b. Designation Priority List . Identifying NRSL Sites for National Register/Local
Designation
and
c. Landmark Designations - Current NR Properties
Belk stated that Mr. , Keith Zahniser is here tonight and is preparing a National Register
Nomination for the Arch Jordan house. Mr. Zahniser is employed by the owners of the Arch
with Linda Edmisten in getting the documentation ready .
Jordan house and has been consulting w
Belk then asked Mr. Zahniser if he had any questions for the Board?
Mr . Zahniser stated that Linda Edmisten suggested he make comparisons of the Arch Jordan
house with other structures in the County . He then asked for suggestions from the Commission
of other houses that would be comparable in style . The Arch Jordan house is one of the best
preserved and most clear high style sites in Orange County .
The Commission suggested several properties that Mr. Zahniser could look at for a comparison .
Belk then requested that tonight, the Historic Preservation Commission come up with several
sites that they would like to start on. This will allow Belk to contact the owners and let them
know that the Historic Preservation Commission is interested .
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The Commission then discussed properties of interest arriving at the following priority list .
1 . Smith Cole. House, OR 0365 , Chapel Hill Township
2 . Benjamin -Duke House, OR 0666 , Eno Township
3 . Pittard Place, OR 0829 Cedar Grove Township
Belk will look into the White Oak School in Cedar Grove as a separate issue .
Allison called for a motion to select these three properties for a priority list .
MOTION : Rich moved in the affirmative to accept these three properties as a priority list.
Seconded by Lloyd.
VOTE : Unanimous .
d. Announcement : 1st Annual Conference - NC African-American Network on Historic
Preservation
Belk stated that he will not be able to attend, but encouraged Commission members to attend if
possible .
e. The White Oak School, Cedar Grove (aka " House, OR 761 ")
Belk reported earlier in the discussion of the designation priority list, that the White Oak School ,
while not a Rosenwald School, was built by the Cedar Grove black community and opened in
1927 . It was built by George Corbett and all of the land around it is still Corbett land. The
School was built by the community, maintained by the community and was later turned into a
house . There is some interest within the community of trying to save the school and eventually
turn it into a community use. Kathleen Turner contacted Belk stating that she has been working
with the Northern Orange County Black History Committee and one of the members of that
committee wanted to find out more about the building . It was at first thought that it could be a
Rosenwald School , but didn ' t really fit the pattern . Belk, Ms . Turner and Iris Chapman went out
to look at the building and while they were there someone pulled up in a truck and asked if he
could help them. It turns out that this gentleman is Troy Corbett, whose father built the building
back in the 1920 ' s as a school . About an hour later, they were able to talk with the woman who
is the caretaker of the property. (The owner of the property is an elder lady who lives in the
Washington D . C. area.) The caretaker is interested in obtaining National Register and local
designation to provide some tax benefits . Ms . Turner and this History Committee is looking into
it, but certainly this would be a great candidate for local designation and National Register. The
key at this point is to stabilize the building .
Belk stated that while they were speaking with the caretaker, Ms . Corbett-Askew, she showed
them some papers , one of which was a letter from the Orange County Superintendent of Schools
dated 1927 . This letter was to Mr. Corbett telling him that if they could come up with $ 5 . 00 , the
School Board would provide some desks . Ms . Askew told them that they had to basically scrimp
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004
for everything they got and were able to get some surplus items from the White schools . It was
fascinating to see this letter because it verified the actual date of when the school opened, on
October 17th, 1927, Belk is not sure if this date is the beginning of the school term, or the actual
opening . More= depth-research shows that this was Corbett land, George Corbett built the
school and it served a community function. Cathleen Turner and Belk learned more about this
community ' s connection with the string bands . One band became so well known that it made an
appearance in Carnegie Hall . Iris Chapman, a professor at Elon College, is doing some historical
research in this .area. In going beyond the Crossroads, there is a wealth of information. The
connections are there and Belk feels that anything this Commission can do to help out with that
effort would be worthwhile. There is a real emphasis in the State Office right now to find out
more about African-American history and resources .
Belk will look into this further and report back to the Commission.
f. 1998 CLG Grant Application : St. Mary ' s Road/Trading Path Historic Corridor
ill go out next week to let the residents along the corridor
Belk reported that this draft letter w
know that the County has applied for the grant.
Satterfield referred to the third paragraph asking if the availability of state tax credits needs to be
added?
Belk agreed that they should be added to change the fifth sentence to read "sites may benefit
from the availability of state and federal tax credits . . . " .
At this point Belk added that also there are the four National Register properties that have
already agreed and have been waiting for the Historic Preservation Commission to get back in
touch with them. A letter has been sent to them explaining staff constraints and reassuring them
that the designation of their property is still a priority . These properties are : 1 ) Bingham
School, 2) Moorefields, 3 ) Chatwood Estate and 4) the Riggsbee Rock House. For the February
Historic Preservation Commission meeting, notices will be sent out to the property owners . At
this meeting, the landmark designation report will be before the Commission. If these are
accepted by the Commission, they will be sent to SHPO . They will have days to comment.
Then the Commission will take into account SHPO ' s comments at the March Historic
Preservation Commission meeting. It will then go for public hearing in May .
g. Announcement: Economic Impact Study of Historic Preservation in NC Released
January 21
Courtesy of Commissioner William Crowther, Belk distributed the "Economic Impacts Study of
Historic Preservation" just released from Preservation North Carolina. In 1996 Carolina Power
id Donovan D . Rypkema to do this report.and Light gave a generous grant that pa
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AGENDA ITEM #6 : INFORMATIONAL ITEMS
a. Application for- State Grants Program
b. Cedar Grove-Rural Historic District NR Nomination : Letters of Recommendation
c. Letter front SHPO regarding new Inventory Sites - Blair Best Farmstead (OR 1438)
and Carr Family Cabin (OR 1540)
d . Information from National Park Service regarding National Register Online Travel
Itineraries
AGENDA ITEM #70 ADJOURNMENT
MOTION : Rich moved to adjourn.
VOTE : Unanimous .
5 _
006
• . 007
U NIT FnSTATES DEPARTMENT OFT FIE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Of ow 4
NAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES r'
,I,I O . . .RECEM . 40
. :..
'' 4 • `
INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED ' ' 4 'f 4 �- * `
SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS
TYPE ALL ENTRIES - - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS
NAME 4
HISTORIC gingham School
AND /OR COMMON
3LOCATION
STREET & NUMBER ,
NE corner N . C . 54 and SR 1007
_ NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
Oaks _ 'VICINITY OF 2_nd
STATE CODE COUNTY CODE
North Carolina 37 Orange
. CLASSIFICATION
CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE
_DISTRICT _PUBLIC .+OCCUPIED AGRICULTURE MUSEUM
x_ BUILDINGJS) XPRIVATE x-UNOCCUPIED ._COMMERCIAL. _PARK
._STRUCTURE _BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS ._ EDUCATIONAL - • X_PRIVATE RESIDENCE
.SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE ._ENTERTAINMENT � REUGIOUS
OBJECT JN PROCESS _YES: RESTRICTED ._GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC
_.BEING CONSIDERED of ._ YES: UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL _.TRANSPORTATION
X- NO ._MILITARY _OTHER :
OWNER OF PROPERTY � � : ( . �2AWC" cool j dot
,
NAME (also , see attached list ) 2 8 s � o
STREET NUMBER
408 Hermitage Court
CITY , TOWN STATE
Charlotte VICINITY OF North Carolina 28207
LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION
COURTHOUSE .
REGISTRY OF DEEDS• ETC, Orange County Courthouse
STREET & NUMBER
CITY , TOWN STATE '1
Hillsborguah Northa
REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS
TITLE
DATE
.FEDERAL _STATE _COUNTY - _LOCAL
DEPOSITO .1IY FOR `
SURVEY RECORDS i
CITY . TOWN STATE
008 orm No 10. 300a , •
UNITED STATES DE, PARZ IMENT OF THE INTI: KIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE -
- - - - — - - RECEIVED � ' ' . • : ' .: ` . . . • , .
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES =
INVENTOR -- NOMINATION FORM OA7E ENTERED '
- - - - CONTINUATION SHEET - ITEM NUMBER 4 PAGE 1
Owners , Cont .
Mr . Charles W . Stanford
c / o Mrs . Evelyn M . Brownscombe
408 Hermitage Court
Charlotte , NC 28207
Mr . Harmon M . Greene
C / o Mrs . Evelyn M . Brownscombe
408 Hermitage Court
Charlotte , NC 28207
Mr . Johnny P . Greene
c / o Mrs . Evelyn M . Brownscombe
408 Hermitage Court
Charlotte , NC 28207
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jI . DEIMSCRIPTION
CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE 009
._EXCELLENT ._DETERIORATED ZUNALTERED _ORIGINAL SITE
YGOOD .�iU1N5 —otALTEAED 000000tMOVED DATE'_
XFAIR ._UNEXPOSED
DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL ( IF. KNOWN ) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
The Bingham School complex includes a number of buildings from several eras : a
large , expansive , multi-stage house , a contemporary smokehouse and well house , and
several later outbuildings . :The L- shaped house - is composed of three main sections :
the large two -story block , facing northeast , of vernacular Greek Revival character ;
a small board -and-batten office attached at the southwest (rear ) corner ; and a long
one- and -one-half-story ell at the southeast (rear ) , itself composed of three stages of
construction . Uniting the main block and ell is an impressive L- shaped colonnade or
porch facing a pleasant courtyard created by the L- shaped arrangement .
The oldest - portion of the house is the rear ell , which antedates Bingham ownership
and appears to date from the early nineteenth century . This consists of a log structure
to the northeast and a frame structure to the southeast , linked by a common massive
interior chimney and united by weatherboarding and a gable roof with shed dormers . The
log structure appears to be the oldest . Fenestration is irregular , with both four -
over - four sash (probably the original ) and six-over- six sash present . The log construc -
tion is visible from a kitchen later attached to the east side of the structure . The
exterior finish is like that of the entire ell , with mid - nineteenth century doors with
four panels , . plain weatherboarding , and at simple molded box cornice . (Doors throughout
this section have two or four panels and rather narrow mid -nineteenth century moldings . )
Within , the single room on the first floor is finished with flush sheathing with
remnants of a chair rail . An enclosed stair rises in the northeast corner . On the
southwest wall a square fireplace opening is framed, by, a large mantel, , which iS , comoomoo
posed simplyMired-part molding topped' by a shelf . � Tanking tie mantel tare door -
�aays , each with a two- light transom , • framed by a two -part molded frame . In the corners
are built - in corner cupboards with glazing above and a paneled door below . The
. . . .• Al
second - story room is * fin13:shed `with: ' flush sheathing and lit by the shed dormers .
The rearmost' sec'tioa of` the ell is * of frame construction , and its age relative to
the log section is uncertain ; it seems to be also of early nine�teer>~t_l% pgntury; origin
and may have ' `been a freestanding structure for a time or may have been constructed
origiinally as an addition to the log structure . The exterior finish is like that of
the log structure . The west facade of this section , facing the courtyard , . features a
single four -over - four sash, window and , at the south end , two doors side by side , each
having four panels , but- with slightly different configuration and slightly different
moldings . The north door leads into the first - floor room , the south one up the stair .
This section has a brick foundation over a basement which is reached by brick steps
leading doivm from the: rear ( east ) porch . Unfinished massive posts said to be crepe
myrtle carry the rear porch roof . On the east facade there are two four- over- four
sash windows and no door . Similar windows occur on the south side , and the gable is
Lnished with a beaded tapered rake board .
Within , this section is plastered upstairs and down , except forgthe stair , which
is finished with flush sheathing . Narrow , plain baseboards occur . The mantels are
of simple Georgian form but the moldings are narrow Federal style ones . The first --
floor mantel features a molded frame and four rectangular flat panels beneath a shelf ,
and that one the second floor is similar but has only three panels . A number of curious
features occur , which will bear farther investigation ii the house is renovated . One
010 .
Form No. 10- 3004
%' Aov 10 . 4 ) .
UNITED STATES DEPARTNtENT OF THE I NITER IOR FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED .
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
INVENTORS " NOMINATION FORM JDATE ENTERED
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 1
of these is the presence of what appears to be brick hogging in the south wall at the
first level . It does not extend to the second level , and it cannot be determined
whether it occurs anywhere else at the , fi.rst level .
The front section of the house , the two - story Greek Revival block , was probably
built for the Binghams . It follows a center -hall plan one room deep , and the finish
is a curious combination of rather elegant paneling on doors and some wainscots and
beautiful marbleizing , and other features - mantel , stair , and other elements - of
very plain vernacular character . Whether this reflects the work of different crafts
men , the combination of some elements brought into the house and others made on the
site , or what , is not known , but the variation in sophistication is marked .
The house , three bays wide and two deep , is covered with plain weatherboards and
carries a gable roof . It rests on brick piers , a brick foundation , and a partial
basement . Doors and windows are framed by simplified Greek Revival moldings , consisting
of boards grooved to resemble symmetrical molding or fluting , accented hy. plain corner -
blocks . Windows are unusually large , with twelve-over - twelve sash at the first level
and eight -over- twelve at the second . The double door 's centrally located front . and
back are very handsome , with a simpl9t transom and three plain raised panels on each
leaf of the door , expertly woodgrained . . • A * front shed entrance porch lacks base and .
columns . Exterior chimneys of brick laid in one- to - five common bond , with single
stepped shoulders rise at either end . Atothe east end , the house has been extended
a few feet , reusing old materials , so that it is flush with the chimney .
The interior is essentially unchanged , and features sheathed ceilings and walls
plastered above a wainscot . In the hall and west first- floor parlor , the wainscot
is quite handsome , with a double range of flat panels outlined with a heavy molding .
The panels are subtly arranged to fit precisely the length of each wall , and in the
parlor a single range only appears beneath the large windows . Wainscots in the other
rooms are flush sheathed . Doors , too , are quite handsome , with the same rich moldings
around their six flat panels , which are expertly wood - grained . Door and window frames
are plain symmetrically grooved ones with plain cornerblocks , and at the windows
descend to the baseboard to frame the panels beneath the window . The baseboard , which i
is marbleized , is absolutely plain . Mantels without '. exception are unsophisticated
post - and - lintel compositions with simple shelves , of vaguely Greek Revival character .
Some marbleizing is present . The stair , which rises back- to - front in the hall , features
i
slim balusters square- in- section and square posts with molded cap , which carry a robust '
rounded handrail , an inverted U- shaped in section . Risers are marbleized .
The office , featuring board and batten walls , has a broad frieze beneath the
heavy overhang of the hip roof . Details are of typical mid- nineteenth century
character , including two - panel , woodgrained doors .
CVM No 10 . 3008 01 1
Rev 1 D• 7 '4 )
UNITED STATES DEPARIONIENT O THE I NT k1Uk FOR NPS USE ONLYof
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED ' . ;•
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Y '
DATE ENTERED
- INV.ENTOR 'Y``=-- NOMINATION FORM
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER ? PAGE 2
One of the most interesting and unusual features of the house is the beautiful
shaded courtyard bordered on two sides by the colonnaded porch that carries along the
rear of the • two -story section and the front of the ell . A shed roof is carried on
sturdy columns of Doric character , constructed of wedge- shaped bricks and stuccoed ;
these unusual masonry columns are seen also at the rear porch of the Ruffin-Roulhac
House in Hillsborough . The raised floor of the porch is surfaced with square paving
bricks , and the ceiling of the porch is lathed and has traces of plaster . The '
enclosed feeling of the porch and courtyard is intensified by the presence of the
office and by a wooden partition linking the front section of the house and the ell .
To the rear of the house is a small well - house , a frame gable roof structure of
: d - nineteenth century date whose gabled overhang , sheltering the well , is carried on
. .) und brick columns like those of the porch . To the east of the house , is a smokehouse
of traditional • heavy . timber frame construction . Several other outbuildings of
uncertain or later date exist as well .
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• 013 • '
PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE - - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW
_.PREHISTORIC -.AACHEOLUGY •PREHISTORIC _ .COMMUNITY PLANNING _ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _ RELIGION
..-_. 1400. / 499 _,,,AACHEOLOGYaHISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE
. 150001599 __AGRICULTURE ' ' _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE
_ 160001699 X ARCHITECTTURE XC EOUCATION _.MILITARY __SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN
_ 1700- 1799 J4RT _ENGINEERING ._MUSIC _THEATER - - - -
X1800. 1899 _.COMMERCIF` ,_UPLORATIOWSMLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION -
_ 1900- _.COMMUNICAnoms JNOUSTRY ' " + - _PCUTICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER (SPECIFY)
JNVENTION
SPECIFIC DATES 1845 - 1864 BUILDER/ARCHITECT
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The Bingham School at Oaks is an interesting complex of buildings from several
eras located in a pleasant rural setting in the rolling Piedmont farmland of western
Orange County . The complex includes an L-shaped house composed of small early nineteenth
century buildings and the more ambitious mid-nineteenth century Greek Revival house
probably built for the Binghams , plus several outbuildings . This was the site of the
Bingham School from 1845 until 1864 , one of a series of4North Carolina locations of
a school established by William J . Bingham in Hillsborough and continued by his sons
and grandsons , . which . gained a . statewide . reputation for . academic . excellence .
The Bingham School property at Oaks , North Carolina , is a group of buildings
used by William James Bingham and his sons as a school for boys prioroto and during the
Civil War . Bingham was the son of the Reverend William James Bingham of Glasgow , the
founder and first headmaster of the first Bingham School , located in Pittsboro in
1793 . The Reverend Bingham gave up his school from 1801 to 1805 , when he taught Latin
and • Greeklat ' the new University of. North Carolina at Chapel. Hill , . . where .William James
was born .
According to his grandson Robert, writing in Ashe ' s - B16gtAphlcdl oHistory . of North ,
Carolina , the Reverend Bingham left the University about 1806 and reopened his private
school in2Hillsborough because the boys . who came to the University .were. so_ poorly
prepared . DgHe thus afforded his sons and grandsons an opportunity to - participate
in what - the AshhVille * Citiien ' Times of 1921 referred to as " the only institution of
learning of any grade in the United States which has been administered continuously
from grandfather to gra5dson . by three - successive generations of headmasters so as to
touch three centuries . "
The school was relocated at Mt . Repose , eleven * miles ' northwest of Hillsborough ,
about 1810 , where it remained until the Reverend Bingham ' s death in 1826 . His son
William James administered the school in Hillsborough until 1845 , when he moved the
school t yet another= location twelve miles southwest of Hillsborough in an area known
Oaks . It is on- this site that the only buildings associated with the school at
ly of its many locations are still in existence .
William James purchased the Oaks property , including approximately 370 acres
hounded by Cane Creek and the Hillsborough Road , from Alexander Morrow in 1844 . He
, > aid Aforrow twenty- five hundred dollars ( $ 2500 ) for the property , which suggest that
there may have been at least one structure already on it . New arrivals to the area in
1345 recalled that they " reached the small cluster of frame buildings at the Oaks
caT.munity , passed the Binghams ' newly acquired farm and academy buildings on the left
rwm No. 104008
iAw. 10- 741
UNITED STATES DEPARTiMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY
_ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE --
lee
RECEIVED , • - .
A
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Ale
INV.ENTOR `-��1TOMINATION FORMDATE ENTERED
CONTINUATION SHEET - ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE I
and crossed the road that led to the University at Chapel Hill . " 6
Bingham ' s purpose in moving the school to Oaks from Hillsborgugh was to rear his
sons and teach his students away from the distractions of a town .
The Bingham circular of the 1850s said little of the Oaks
environment except that boys were to go th church on Sundays
and not make accounts at business houses . However , students
had the run of God ' s great gymnasium in their free hours , and
they engaged in a variety of vigorous enterprises : hunting ,
fishing , trapping and games , including skinny , a rustic version
of field hockey . Bingham ' s was an outdoor school .
Charles Lee Raper , in his Church and Private Schools in North Carolina , wrote
that the second headmaster of Bingham School raised both the nobility of the teaching
profession and the reputation of his school in a short time : "He increased tuition
fees from $ 20 , 00 to $ 150 . 00 a year . He limited his number to* 30 students and his
school had such a reputation § 11 over the country that he had to refuse admission to
300 pupils in a single year . " The esteem in which Bingham and his school were held
by North Carolina • families was remarkable , since tuition had to be paid in gold ,
never paper money , and the discipline was strict . Sawney Webb remembers from his days
at the Oaks school that '.'Old Bingham" did not spare the rod : "When a boy missed
declining a word , he thrashed him . He wasn ' t mad . He thrashed a boy , all the
time looking nice4and sweet like he was doing the nicest job he ever did in his life , " 10
In 1857 , William ' James ' sons , Robert and William ,, joingl their father in running the
school , which then became Willin J . Bingham and Sons . They increased the facilities
and accepted up to 60 students . Many of these students were boarlsd with nearby
families , since there were no living quarters at the Oaks location . Robert ' s tenure
with the school was interrupted by the Civil War , and in 1861 he ' raised a company
and left the operation of the school to his aging father and elder brother William .
tl'ith his group of recruits , Company G . of the Forty- Fourth North Carolina Troops ,
Robert saw f � ntinuous service until the surrender and was present at Appomatox
Courthouse .
William , unlike his brother , could not fight in the war because of frail health
but served with distinction in the local militia . It was under his leadership that
the schoolrcontinued during the difficult years of the war , because his father �'
virtually retired from the principalship in 1863 . In deference to the war effort ,
William incorporated the school as a military academy in 1864 , and that was the
character of the school at its subsequent locations at Mebanesville and Asheville .
One distinguisehd north Carolinian has written of the school following the transition :
" Colonel Bingham introduced the military discipline at Oaks while I was in school . .
The boys were drilled every evening , and a regular guard was maintained at night . He
a
Poem No. ,1003008 015
Mew 10' T4 {
U NITED STATES DEPAR7611 1ENT OF THE 1 NTklt lUK FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - - - - - - - _
RECEIVED • A .
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ; .
TORS'--- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED
CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2
had the commanding presence of a soldier , and every boy instinctively felt his
influence . " Each principal thereafter was given the rank and title of Colonel by
the siste . William became headmaster in 1865 , and his famous father died in February ,
1866 .
The move of the school to . Mebanesville came in December , 1864 . The war had made
it increasingly difficult to obtain provisions at Oaks , which was ten miles from the
railroad at Hillsborough . The school was moved to a site which lay on * a spur of the
Southern Railroad at Mebansesville station , in the northwestern corner of Orange
County . Old William James Bingham was violently opposed to the move aY9 ordered the
family slaves to disregard his son ' s requests to prepare for the move . His will ,
written in August , 1864 , stipulated that if his sons did not continue the school at
Oaks , the academy buildings and grounds should becomel5he . sole possessions of his
widow and not be jointly owned by William and' Robert .
Nevertheless , the ' Bingham School was moved from Oaks and - prospered .at its new
location . In 1873 , the principalship of the school passed to Robert Bingham upon the
death of his brother William . In 1891 , Robert decided to move the school to Asheville
following two destructive fires that swept the Mebanesville . buildings in 18818and 1890 .
The school continued in Asheville until 1928 , one year after Robert ' s death .
After the removal of the Bingham School to the Mebanesville location , William
James ' * widow Eliza Alves -Bingham continued . to olive at * the house at Oaks and maintain
the lands surrounding it . She also inherited other property in the county , Chapel
Hill and Hillsborough which William James . Bingham had acquired during his long and
prosperous life . . She made several sales of land over the years 1871 to 1881 . Included
in these transactions were two parcels that had been . part of the original tract which
Bingham purchased from Alexander Morrow in 1844 . The first parcel of 46 acres directly
in front of the Bingham house was sold to D . F . Morrow in 1874 for twelve hundred
and f ifty dollars ( $ 1250 ) 0 % The second parcel was sold to S . S . Webb in 1880 in a
complicated exchange that included a third party , Abner Conklin , to whom Eliza A .
Bingham had promised to sell 20 and 31 acres during his lifetime . This parcel wals9
bordered by Caterpillar- Creek and the lands of Lizzie Morrow and Sarah Crawford .
Eliza Bingham died in 1885 and her will , written in 1877 , stipulated that all t
of her property was to o to her daughter Mar Bingham with bequests of books to be
P P Y 8 g Y g q
made to her other daughters 2irs . J . W . Montgomery , Mrs . P . T . Penick , their husbands
and children . There is a local tradition that nary Bingham maintained a school in
the old home until the 1880s , however , this is not substantiated by any existing
records . There are deed transactions by Mary which show her 26elling land just north y
Df. the Bingham house to William G . Stafford as late as 1888 . One written statement I
. Aelide . in 1954 by Mrs . Emma Harward Monk gives the history that her cousin Lucy
�Vuatliersbee "who had conducted a private school in Chapel Hill for some years , moved
Oats , N . C . and opened a school in the21ld Bingham home . " She further states that y
tune Webb was farming the Bingham land . " �
i
alb
UNITED STATES DEPAf TNIENT OF THE INTFRIOit FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
INVENTORT" w NOMINATION FORM IDATE ENTERED
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3
In 1893 the property containing, 316 2 / 3 acres and meeting the description in
the original deed of Morrow to Bingham , was sold by Sarah Co Stroud , wife of Weldon
M . Stroud , to W . G . Careathers for " twelve hundred and sixtysix dollars ( $ 1266 ) cash
and twelve hundred and thirty three dollars to be left by will of last testament of
said second part . " It is not known how Sarah C . Stroud obtained the Bingham property
to sell to Careathers . She was the daughter of Alv12 Durham and W. G . Careathers was
her brother- in-law by marriage to her sister Nancy .
Careathers sold this same piece of land to Harmon McIver in 1910 . The AicIver
family which is closely related to the families in that area of Orange County have
maintained part of this land including the site and surrounding 9 . 98 acres which
contains the old Bingham home and several outbuildings . The property- extant build -
ings which date from the 1840s -- is an historic architectural monum23t ' to the efforts
of one of the nineteenth century ' s most notable educator families .
FOOTNOTES
1Samuel A . Ashe , ed . , Biographical History of North Carolina (Greensboro , N . C . :
Charles L . Van. Noppen , 1907 ) , p . 67 .
2lbid . , p . 68 .
ftO
3 " Bingham Occupies Honored Place• Among the Educational Ranks of Western Carolina ' s
Institutions , " Asheville Citizen Times , November 30 , 1921 .
4Ashe , pp . 67 -- 68 .
5Orange County Records , Orange County Courthouse , Hillsborough , N . C . ,
( Subgroup : Deeds , Book 31 , p . 139 ) .
6Laurence McMillin , The Schoolmaker , ( Chapel Hill , N . C . : The University of
North Carolina Press , 1971 ) , p . 12 . I
7Ashe , p . 69 .
i
McMillin , p . 23 . �
i
Charles Lee Raper , The Church and Private Schools my North Carolina ( Greensboro ,
Co . Jos. J . Stone , Book and Job Printer , 1898 ) , p . 67 .
lOricMillin , p . 22 .
1
form No. 10- 3001 0 1 7
4Rw 10441
UNITED STATES DEPARTs"OENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY
__ __ -- - - - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
-- = RECEIVED,
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
_ INVENTOI Yww NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 4
11Ashe , p . 75 .
falter P . Williamson , "The Bingham School , " Our Living and Our Dead , 2 (May ,
1875 ) , p . 3720
13McMillin , p . 14 .
14Ashe , p . 84 .
15Ashe , pp . 76 , 77 , 79 .
16McMillin , p . 40 .
17Orange County Records , Orange County Courthouse , Hillsborough , N . C . : ( Subgroup :
Wills , Book G , p . 482 ) .
18Ashe , pp . 84 , 85 .
19Orange County Records , Orange * County Courthouse , Hillsborough , N . Co :
Grantors Index , Deed Book 49 , pp . 313 , 315 .
20Ibid . , Will Book H , p . 374 ; Deed Book 52 , p . 48 .
21Emma Harward Monk , personal letter (Los Angeles , California : 1954 ) .
? ZOrange County Records , Orange County Courthouse , Hillsborough , N . Co .* ' Deed
Book 53 , p . 376 ; Will Book H , p . 283 .
23Ibid . , Deed Book 63 , p . 108 .
. Ashes 3anQjtLqk • Biographical History of North Carolina . Greensboro , N . C - : Charles
L . Van Noppen , 1907 .
" Bingham Occupies Honored Place Among the Educational Ranks of Western Carolina ' s
institutions . " Asheville Citizen Times . November 30 , - - 1921 . -
=Millin , Laurence . The Schoolmaker . Chapel Hill , N . C . : The University of North
Carolina _ Press .- 1971 .
! GEOGRAPHICAL DATA -
ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 9 . 98 acres--see attached survey sheet , present house site
UTM REFERENCES
A W I I 1 Ll..i.1 ! , t t II I 1 B L J 1 I , 1 1 1 It— Lill f j _,_,I
ZONE FASTING NORTHING ZONE FASTING NORTHING
C LLB I f I : I� , 1 DLJ i I I I I I 1 [ I I ..i _MINOR 1
VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION
• • '• JTV . 1 • W 4w nip ; . w t • . � .
LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES
STATE CODE COUNTY CODE
STATE CODE COUNTY CODE
:.
3 F ORM PREPARED BY - .
NAME / TITLE Description prepared by Catherine W . Bishir , Head , Survey & Planning Branch
Significance prepared by Diane Lea , Consultant
ORGANIZATION DATE
Division of Arrotboryes and History '
STREET 6 NUMBER 1 0 1 TELEPHONE
In9 Fa _ t. :TnnPa1 . St- rPP - ' -'P 33 ' -CS ��
CITY OR TOWN STATE
R � 1 Pigh No=r h lC2] g ina 27611
3STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION
' THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS : '
NATIONAL STATE_ LOCAL
As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservatiorl Act of 1966 ( Public Law 89 - 665 ) . I
hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the
criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service,
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE
TITLE State Historic Preservation Officer DATE July 14 , 1977
' "R NPS USE ONLY . . .
164
! HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER
Iq
: > ' . . DATE '
DIRECTOR , OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION -
TEST : : . DATE
KEEPER 0 THE NATIONAL REGISTER
GPO 092 - 453
• a
F % m No. ip- 300a 1 J
( Rav 10 . 74 )
UNITED STATES DEPARTiNTENT OF THE INT ) KIUK FOR NPS USE ONLY
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
RECEIVED
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM GATE ENTERED
CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE I
Monk , Emma Harvard . Personal letter . Los Angeles , California , 1954 .
Orange County Court Records . Orange County Courthouse . Hillsborough , N . C .
Subgroups : Indexes , Wills , Deeds . 0 •
Raper , Charles Lee . The Church and Private Schools in North Carolina . Greensboro ,
N . C . : Jos . J . Stone , Book and Job Printer , 1898 .
Williamson , Walter P . " The Bingham School . " Our Living and Our Dead . May , 1875 .
i .
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Nationai Register of Historir,; Places 023
Registration Form
This form is for use in Nominating or requesting determinations of et � gibilih,, for individual properties or districts . See instructions in GuidE ;ices
for Camoiating Naliona; Register Forms ( National Register Bulleti :t 161 , Complete each . ( am by marking 'Y ' In the appropriate box or by � nterinc
the requested in (ormr: ( ion . If an Item does not apply to the property' t}iinq doci : mented , enter " N /A. " for " nor applicable . " ccr functions , st)' tt� s , malef 'Is
artd & S.1oas of Si � ni (icc? nce enter, Cnl clot Cate UfieS bnC il; :? .: al _ _ i: rit: 3 kl4d its the instwctlQnS . For additional .il'. n 511 CtS
y y _ space Use con 'si . uatif, c
( Form 10- 900a ) . Type all entries .
Name of Prolierty
historic name r4nt *sr* Ptt,.3 1 and 14011 -se
other names /sits nUlTiber " (roach House "
Chatwood
2 . Location
street E number Slide SR 1328 ( Faucette Mi Rd ) on E side of Eno lover Iu,,' aot for pub ! icaticn
at , town jji, 1 1 q'� rn � lah _ LX� vicinity
state North Carolina code NC county Orange cqde� 715 zip code 27278
3 . Classification
Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
.3 R private ❑ building (s) Contributing Noncontributing
❑ public - local � district 4 2 buildings
❑ public • State ❑ site 1 1 sites
❑ public- Federal ❑ structure structures
object objects
5__ 3 Total
Name of rotated multiple property listing : Number of contributing resources previously
".. T�, listed in the National Register — 0 -
4 . State / Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1 .066 , as amellded , I hereby cerflty that this
ER nomination ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation s ! andards for registering properties in the
National register of Historic Places a d meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 .
In my a t i , the p e y ee ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . ❑ See continuation shell .
` 6 �•
Signature of certifying official Cate
_State Historic Pres , /vation Officer
St PAP or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . ❑ See continuation sheet .
Signature of commenting or other official Gale
Stato or Federal agency and bureau ! -
5 . 14ationai Park Service Certification
1 , hereby , certify that tr. is property
L.j entered in the Nemonal Register .
❑ See continuation sheet.
❑ determined eligible for the National -
,Register . ❑ ace con : inuetion - shaet.� -
dcterrnined not. eligible for the -- --
Nal ! onal Register . _
E) remcved from the t4ational Resister .
❑ othei, (explain : )
Signature o : tt: P ?: eepe : va : e of Actik
tTndus �' ,>;� . manufacturing 7 'Aft it , F _ `.% acanc /Not in use . 4
— ] ) amacrir hnrP1 --- - - _ Pnna � ri � sine P ,
r s ing 1 e (i c,i A 1 1 ; n r7
Domestic : secondary structure —
7 . Description
Architectural Classification - Materials ( enter categories from instructions )
( enter categories from instructions )
foundation g rone�
Other : heavy timber vernacular walls wPart� erboard
� rr a r a l
-- roof, asnhal t-
other brick
metal
Describe present and historic physical appearance .
The Faucett Mill , nearby mill cottage , and Faucett House stand along a quarter mile
section of the old " Great Road " which forded the Eno River at this point , two miles
northwest of Hillsborough , an important colonial town in piedmont North Carolina .
The crossroads formed by this early highway and the reliable Eno River was an
advantageous place for a grist mill , operating at least from the early 1790s to
ca . 1920 . Although repaired and enlarged several times , the frame mill still shows
its hand - hewn frame and handmade nails . The small frame mill cottage , of indeterminate
age , sits on a rise above the mill , pond and race and 200 yards from the river ford .
The stately $Faucett House , said to have been an inn for travelers when the ford
was uncrossable , stands on a wooded hill a . short distance east 04E. the mill .
The " Great Road , " now State Road 1328 , was superseded by N . C . Highway 70 in the
1920s , and the " Great Road " is now a dirt lane ending at the mill . .
1 . Faucett Mill . Pre - 1792 Contributing Building
Faucett Mill is an imposing 2 story weatherboarded building which . sits alongside
a reconstructed mill race ( 1960s ) on its east side with the Eno River 100 feet to
the west . The heavy timber , hand -hewn frame , handmade nails , and dry laid stone
foundation indicate that the building has an eighteenth century construction date .
It is apparently the same mill which stood on . the site in 1792 . Typical of grist
M ' lls , it is apparent that periodic floods have caused extensive reworking of
• the fabric . The exterior has wide plain weatherboarding and small square windows
with some batten shutters and no window sash . Stabilization work in the 1930s
included a new metal roof . On the interior , most of the mill machinery is gone
but some milling gears and bolters are still in place . Mill stones , apparently
from this mill , are reused ' in- various places on the property , including a well
cover . The mill race and dam were also repaired in the 1930s ,
? . Faucett House - _ circa- 1808 Contributing Building
The Faucett. House is a very well -preserved 21ole, story frame Federal style house. ,
one room deep , with an original ane - story rear wing . The house has a gable roof ,
exterior end single shoulder brick chimnevs , and a one- story shed porch exterfding
the length of the main facade . Between 1938 and 1940 , the house underwent a
substantial- restoration- by- F .- L . Altvater .- _ them owner . Although Altvater moved
an early house from its nearby site to this property , and attached it as a '
rear wing at the soutnwest corner of - the house ; arci � itectural analysis indicates
that the restoration respected the original fabric of the main block . The house
retains integrity from its - nate �i _construction , ca . 1808 .
See continuation sheet
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service ? POW
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number - - Page 1
The Faucett' House retains the following exterior architectural features , all apparently
original : chimneys of oversize . brick laid in common bond , doors with six raised
panels , six - over - six and four - over - four sash windows , wide molded door and window
surrounds , and boxed molded eaves . The front porch has slender chamfered posts and
no railing . The placement of openings on the main facade is asymmetrical , with
two individual doors flanked by one window to the east and two windows to the
west . The wall surface beneath the porch is flush - sheathed .
The original floor plan is basically intact and is an unusual , perhaps unique
variation on the standard center hall one - room - deep plan of the Federal period .
The house has a center hall dividing two large rooms , with the usual front door
opening into the center hall but with an unusual second door opening into the
east room . The stair , an enclosed . type with winders , rises in the rear corner
of the hall . The . rear wing , believed to have housed the kitchen is now one
large room . However prior to the 1950s a small , windowless room accessible
from the front east room occupied a portion . of the wing . This room was
incorporated into the kitchen in the 1950s . On the second floor are three
bedrooms , one on each side of the hall and one behind and only accessible from
the east bedroom :
The unusual floor plan reinforces the local tradition that the house was an
inn and tavern , and that the larger , east room . and adjacent kitchen served
as the inn while the smaller west . room was private family quarters . The two
doors would have allowed some privacy for the family , since one door would
have opened to the " p.ubltcroom " and the other door to the center hall . The
windowless room might have been for provisions . Upstairs , the east bedroom
might have served the family and the adjacent west side bedrooms the travellers .
The following interior architectural features are apparently original : random
width wood sheathed walls , wide board pine floors , six raised -panel doors with
some strap iron hinges and box locks , molded door and window surrounds , and
five Federal style mantels . The mantels in the two front rooms have tripartite
designs , with raised panels , while the mantels in the kitchen and second floor
are simpler designs . with raised panels .
During the 1938 - 1940 - restoration , an asphalt shingle roof was put on the Faucett
House . Modern plumbing was installed , and a modern kitchen added to the south
side where a covered rear entry was located . A pre - restoration documentary of
the house shows a three - bay wide front shed porch . The owners removed that
porch and erected the present full facade . shed porch . In the kitchen wing ,
because ' of severe deterioration , the walls and roof were rebuilt , although the
chimney and fireplace mantel were retained . Electricity was installed in the
late 1940s .
United S ate " De artment of the Interior
P
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 _ Page 2
Naile Johnson Wing . Early 19th c . house , moved and reconstructed as wing ca . 1938
The southwest wing , actually a separate house added to the southwest corner of
the main block , is known as the Naile Johnson House . It is a Federal period two -
story frame house from the St . Mary ' s Road area of Hillsborough , some five miles
from this site . The house was dismantled and reconstructed in its present location
by the Altvaters during their restoration of the main house . Wallboards and
paneling from several other old houses were used to reconstruct the interior of
this Naile Johnson wing . Since this house is actually connected to the main
house , it constitutes a wing • rather than a separate , noncontributing building . As
is obvious from the photograph showing the rear of the Faucett House , the Naile
Johnson Wing has some modern exterior elements , including the small pane picture
window on the second story and a full width screen porch . The architectural
integrity of this house has been lost because of its move , because of the reuse
of old materials from other houses , and because of the addition of a modern
picture window . Although noncontributing , this wing retains an adequately
separate identity so that it does not destroy the integrity of the Faucett House
itself .
3 . Mill Cottage . Nineteenth century . Contributing Building
The humble , one story frame cottage has a low gable roof , an exterior end single
shoulder fieldstone chimney , and rests on a fieldstone foundation with a partial
basement . The three bay wide facade has a center door flanked by 6 / 6 sash
windows . The plain boxed eaves have eave returns on the gable ends . A hip
roof front porch has one • bay enclosed as a room . A small kitchen wing was added
to the rear in the 1930s , and the entrance stoop to this wing now serves as
the main entrance . The interior has recent wood paneling and a Federal style
mantel . It is not known if• this is an original Federal mantel or a reproduction ,
nor if this is its original location . According to local tradition , the
cottage is quite old ,- but its present appearance is late nineteenth century .
The Altvaters did some rehabilitation in the late 1930s , including reconstruction
of the fieldstone chimney .
4 . Barn . Early 20th century . Contributing Building
A one - story frame horse barn is located east of the Faucett House near the
road ( SR 1328 ) . Some of the framing members are handhewn beams . A 1938
letter from F . V . Altvater mentions that , according to local hearsay , some
of these timbers were reused from an early three - story barn across the road
from the house . ( Letter to Elizabeth Cotton , 1938 , copy - in file ) .
Nationai ' arx service
National Register of Historic Places 027
Continuation Sheet
Section number _ Page 3
5 . Garage and Laboratory . 1940s . noncontributing building
Southeast of the Faucett House is a long one - story frame garage and
workshed built in the 1940s . In the 1950s the workshed was converted
into a laboratory for use in bird - banding by its new owner , Dr . Charles
Blake .
6 . Greenhouse . 1950s . Noncontributing building
In the 1950s , Mrs . Charles Blake , the present owner , had this one - story
metal and glass greenhouse built just east of the garage .
7 . Rose and Perennial Garden . 1950s . Noncontributing site
In the 1950s D'r . and Mrs . Charles Blake began to landscape the yard southwest
of the Faucett House into a rose and perennial garden . This garden . now
comprises nearly two acres and is well - known as one of the finest heritage
rose gardens in North Carolina . The surrounding 200 acres of woodland
in the ownership of Mrs . Charles Blake , present owner , is a local wildlife preserve
and bird habitat . The Blakes named the farm " Chatwood " because of their
interest in birds .
8 . Section, of " Great Road " roadbed and ford . 18th century . Contributing sote
The old highway between the Faucett House and dill with its river ford , long
a state -maintained road ( S . R . 1328 ) , is now closed , and the Faucett House ,
Mill , and Cottage are secluded from commercial traffic . The old road ( variously
named the " Great Road , " " Buffaloe Road , " " King ' s Highway , " " Oxford - Salisbury
Road , " " Old Durham - Greensboro Stage Road , " and " County Home Road " ) appears
on the earliest maps of the area and is locally associated with the movement of
Cornwallis ' army and Revolutionary forces . The road is always prominently
mentioned in deed transactions for this property . Though now a private lane ,
this portion of the old highway is identifiable because the roadbed is
eroded several feet below ground level all the way to the Eno River and the
site of the river - ford .
028 28 ❑' nationally ZI statewide ❑ locally r
Applicable National Register Criteria X❑ A ❑ 8 X f C ❑ D 11
Criteria Considerations ( Exceptions ) ❑ A ❑ 8 ❑ C ❑ D ❑ E ❑ F ❑ G
Areas of Significance ( enter categories from instructions ) Period of Significance Significant Dates
Architecture pre - 1792 - ca . 1930 179
Commerce
Cultural Affiliation
N / A
Significant Person ArchitecUBuilder
N / A Unknown
State significance of property , and justify criteria , criteria considerations , and areas and periods of significance noted above .
The Faucett Mill and House , located on the old " Great Road " at its ford on the
Eno River about two miles northwest of Hillsborough in Orange County , are an
eighteenth century grist mill and associated house of statewide significance
both architecturally and as rare survivals of piedmont back country commerce
during the settlement period of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries .
Hillshorough was an important political center of backcountry North Carolina
( Hillsborough Historic District , NR ) . The Faucett Mill , a two - story frame grist
mill with a heavy timber frame , handmade nails , and much later refurbishing ,
:. 11 on the Eno River in Orange County , and may be the
is the only intact m
earliest mill established in the area . According to strong local tradition ,
the two - story frame Federal style house served as a tavern until about 1860 .
Architectural analysis indicates an early nineteenth century date of construction ,
and the floor plan has a unique feature . a center hall plan with two front
doors , one to the center hall and the other to the reputed "public room . "
Architecture Context
Both the Faucett Mill and House are s ignif ' cant locally as late l8th - early
19th century landmarks , and both are unique in their functions in the county - -
the only surviving examples of a grist mill and a rural antebellum inn .
Because of periodic reworkings of the mill building , only the fieldstone
foundation and the . heavy timber frame reflect its late eighteenth century
beginnings . The rest of the building fabric expresses the continuity of use
through generations , rather than a building of a particular architectural
period . Faucett �1111 is the only intact water - powered grist mill in Orange
County .
The Faucett House , unlike the mill , is an unusually well - preserved building •
and has undergone very little alteration through the generations . It is
a simple , two - story frame early Federal style house , one - room deep , with
exterior end chimneys and a gable roof parallel to the facade . This is
the most prevalent house form in the Hillsborough area . Prominent early
examples of the form in the nearby Hillsborough
-- - - ® See continuation sheet
united otaies ueparcmecic Ui ine inCerivr
National Park Service y
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 1
Pisr. oric District ( NR ) are the Nash - Hooper House ( NHL ) , Seven Hearths , Twir► Chimneys a :
the Peter . Brown Ruffin House . The early Federal style interior
trim of the Faucett House , including raised panel doors and mantels , are typical of
the handsome , conservative woodwork in other Orange County houses of the Period .
Commerce Context
The Faucett dill and House , a grist mill and tavern complex situated on the
east side of the Eno River where the major east - west highway through Hillsborough
forded the river on its way to Greensboro and Salisbury , represent an unusual
survival of a rural , antebellum commercial center . It is the only known mill - tavern
complex surviving in North Carolina . The tavern ceased operation about 1860 ,
according to local tradition , although the mill operated until ca . 1930 . The
local name of the Faucett House , the " Coach House , " comes from the tradition
that the house was a stagecoach stop , and old residents remembered a large three -
story barn across the road from the house - where - spare horses were stabled . In
his famous 1858 travelogue , ' A Journey . in the Seaboard • Slave States , Frederick
Uw Olmsted mentions a number of stagecoach stops where he spent the night in
North Carolina , including Walker ' s Inn , still standing in Cherokee County , but
he does not mention the Faucett House .
Faucett House is of statewide significance in the area of commerce because of
its early function as a tavern . Although there are a small number of antebellum
tr^ verns surviving in )`forth Carolina , including the Eagle Tavern in Halifax ( pre - 1772 ) ,
Yellow Tavern ( NHL ) in Milton ( ca . 1818 ) , Wright Tavern , Wentworth ( pre - 1814 )
and Person ' s Ordinary , Littleton , Halifax County ( late 18th c . ) , the Faucett
House is one of only two whose original floor plans reflect commercial functions .
The floor plans of most of these taverns are indistinguishable from dwellings of
the period . However , the Yellow Tavern in Aiilton has three front entrances , and
the first floor vas originally two " great rooms , " ( each " great room " is actually
txlo rooms connected by a wide wooden archway through the middle ) . The unusual
variation on a center hall plan in the Faucett House , with one front door enterirl =
the center hall and a second front door enterIng the so - called " public room , '
implies that ulnas building was built as a tavern .
historical Background
., cLual ronstructi. or dates dad our+ ei. ship rh. rc. gi Lhp nearly tuvo i � �.ri� :; G � ci �• eaY :,
of t' be mill ar: d house are di .E ficlt + t tno :1etermine . Deed sea rche6 P : e :: c' r: �
Isi the fact that rile 17aucett family was 'large and active in land purchases i ^
this section of Orange County , and boundaries of these purchases are d :. ficulL
tU plct
_ a
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Page 2
An early map of piedmont North Carolina , the Mouzon Map of 1775 , shows a mill on
the Eno in this vicinity , with the name " Isaac Low . " Local historian Mary Claire
Engstrom believes that the Faucett Mill is this same mill , and that it was built
by the Isaac Lowe [ sic ] family , a prominent Quaker milling family who left the
area in the 1770s at the beginning of the Regulator agitation [ an upcountry
revolt against colonial government . ] Mrs . Engstrom believes that Richard Faucett
operated the mill from the 1770s on , and then David Faucett . ( undated notes by
Mary Claire Engstrom in collection of Mrs . Charles Blake , now Mrs . Ralph Watkins ,
present owner of Faucett House ) . The earliest deed found for the mill property
corroborates this tradition . ' In 1792 Richard Faucett sold 150 acres to his son
David Faucett " on the River Eno in the said County of Orange whereon the Mill
and other improvements are now situated and where the said David Faucett now
dwells . . . 53 3 / 4 of this land . . . being parts or parcels of land granted to the
said Richard Faucett by Deed from Isaac Low bearing date the 22d day .of October
[ 1768 ] . " ( Orange County Deed Book 13 , pp . 94 - 95 ) . Although it cannot be
proven that the Faucett Mill is the same mill shown on the Mouzon Map , it is
it is the mill referred to in this 1792 deed .
likely that
According to local tradition , the first Faucett House -Tavern stood closer to
the ford than the present Faucett House , and burned about 1808 . Some of its
timbers and hardware are said to be reused in the construction of the present
house , built soon after the fire . An examination of the building materials
in the Faucett House by a restoration expert dated the house to circa 1810
( Inspection Notes by Todd Dickinson , February 1988 , copy in file ) . Efforts to
research a chain of title from David Faucett . in 1792 forward to the present
were unsuccessful . However , the chain of ownership for the mill and house
during the twentieth century is substantiated .
The following information concerning ownership of the mill and . house in the
nineteenth century comes from family descendents , and cannot be verified as
referring to the particular property nominated here . David Faucett sold some
of his mill tract to his sons ( or step - sons ) James and William Clarke in
the early nineteenth.- century , and the William Clarke Faucett ( e ) name continued
in the family for many years . ( Interview with Anne John Williams , Durham , a
Faucett descendant: : notes in file ) . An 1808 deed , Orange County D . B . 13 , pp .
95 - 96 , confirms the sale of 146 acres from David Faucett to William and Janes
Clarke . This land is on the Eno and the Great Road , but does not mention a mill .
The next possible transaction involving the mill and house is in 1876 ,
when Albert Faucette sold 196 acres on the Eno to his daughter Martha G . Paul ,
and her husband John . In the deed Albert reserved the right to build a six- foot
high dam on. the- _ " Big _ Branch " ( a creek just below the Great Road ) . ( Orange County
D . B . 45 , p . 393 ) . Apparently Martha Paul lived in the Faucett House for some
time , because local residents still remember that the present dining room
was "Aunt Martha Paul ' s bedroom . "
vIIILeu t: LaIeb LP) C � Jd ( llii � ( � t Oi the incer � or
National Park Service O 3 1
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number $ Page 3
Faucett House Ownership
By the early twentieth century , the house and the mill were in separate ownership ,
and continued in this way until the F . V . Altvaters reassembled them in the late
1930s . A hand - drawn plat map of Mary A . Walker ( " Granny Walker " ) fifty - acre. dower
found in Orange County Superior Court records of 1905 and illustrated below provides
the first certain verification of ownership of the Faucett House . This plat shows
the river , the road , the " Mill tract , " the old barn site , and a generic drawing of
a house on the exact site where the Faucett House stands today .
JJILLL S
� � �•t ,
_ r
v — 4400i Lc.s.ti.. .. . •
" SOft .-
• . . .. . . T
f Orange County superior Court , 14 April 1905 , Mary A . Walker vs .
�- � Keirs at Law of P . G . Walker . Document . located in P . G . Walker
Estate File , North Carolina state Archives
Granny Walker lived in the Faucett House until her death a few years later .
Apparently she and her husband , Pinckney George Washington Walker ( P . G . ) had
lived there for some time , and P . G . ' died there . ( Interview with Robert Davis ,
son of Archie Davis , notes in file ) . Although the Faucett House had larger
it at various times , this fifty - acre dower
amounts of acreage associated with
tract laid out in 1905 is the acreage nominated here with the house because
it constitutes the- earliest verifiable home tract .
At Granny Walker ' s death , her home tract reverted to Cash A . Boggs , a local
farmer who had purchased the 157 acres which included the dower at public
estate sale in 1905 ( Orange County D . B . 58 , pp . 311 - 312 ) . Boggs did not ever
live in the Faucett House . He died about61913 ( Davis interview) . His widow ,
United States Department of the Interior -
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number - 8 Page 4
Lily Smith Boggs , had a dower right in the property which was not recorded until
1925 ( Orange County D . B . 106 , p . 310 . ) This dower deed contains a hand - drawn plat
showing a slightly different dower tract from that awarded to Granny Walker . Mrs .
Boggs ' dower contained fifty - two acres located on both sides of the Eno . River . In
the meantime , Mrs . Boggs remarried J . Archie Davis in 1915 , and they lived in
the Faucett House for a few years . Because Mrs . Davis did not own the Faucett
home tract outright , and she and her husband could . not purchase it until the
Boggs children reached the age of majority , the Davises purchased a nearby house
in the early 1920s and moved away from the Faucett House . About 1931 , when the
youngest Boggs child reached * majority , Archie Davis bought their shares and owned
the 50 acre Faucett House dower tract outright . In 1937 he sold this tract ,
specifically identified as being Lily Boggs Davis ' dower , to Mr . and Mrs . F .
Vernon Altvater ( Orange County D . B . 108 , p . 125 ) . The Altvaters undertook a
major restoration of the house between 1938 and 1940 and lived there until
relocating to Colorado in 1946 , They named the house the " Coach House , " and
reassembled much of the land that was probably associated with the house , including
the mill tract . ( Interviews with Mrs . F . V . Altvater , Robert Davis ) .
In 1950 the Altvaters leased the " Coach House " tract , containing 122 acres , to
Jake L . Conners and his wife . By 1954 the Conners owned the tract ( 1954 survey
of Conners property , copy in file ) . In 1956 Mr . and Mrs . Charles Blake bought
the " Coach House " tract ( Orange County D . B . 161 , p . 3 ) . Mr . Blake was a retired
1`: . I . T . professor whose hobby was bird banding , and they renamed the place
" Chatwood . " After his death , Mrs . Blake married Ralph Watkins . Mrs . Watkins ,
now widowed again , still resides at Chatwood and maintains a heritage rose
garden of statewide prominence .
• Faucett Mill Ownership
Faucett Mill remained - in the Faucett family until 1904 , when W . W . Faucette
sold the approximately thirty- acre mill tract to W . A . Hall ( Orange County D . B .
58 , p . 154 ) . Robert Davis , grandson of one of the last millers , recalls that
the mill went through the hands of several owner - operators during the early
• twentieth century . Davis ' s grandfather , Enoch Turner Smith , was the next - to -
last miller . The last miller was William A . Collins . About 1930 William
Mitchell , a Hillsborough businessman , bought the mill tract . He was the first
owner who did not operate the mill , and it has not been operated since this
time . ( Davis interview ) . In 1937 Mitchell sold the 35 acre mill tract to Mr .
and r1rs . Altvater ( Orange County D . B . 105 , p . 208 ) . The Altvaters sold 16 . 13 .
acres ( one- half ) to a friend , Mrs . Carter , and kept the 17 acre section -
containing the mill , dam , cottage and river ford for themselves . ) Mrs . Altvater
and her daughter , Mrs . Andrew Wallace , both of Durham , still own the 17 acre
tract . ( Altvater interview) .
Dickinson , Todd . Field notes of structural inspection , February 1988 , in SHPO filO 3
Davis , Robert . Hillsborough vicitlity . Telephone interview c:1ith M . Ruth Little ,
7 June1988 Notes in SHPO file .
Altvater , Mrs . F . V . Durham . Telephone interview with M . Ruth Little , May 1988 .
Notes in SHPO f sle .
Engstrom , Mary Claire . iJnpublished notes , copy in SHPO file .
Orange County Deeds . North Carolina State Archives , Raleigh .
Orange County Estate Records . North Carolina State Archives , Raleigh .
❑ See continuation sheet
Previous documentation on file ( NPS ) :
❑ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) Primary location of additional data .
has been requested [ R State historic preservation office
❑ previously listed in the National Register ❑ Other State agency
❑ previously determined eligible by the @National Register ❑ Federal agency
❑ designated a National Historic Landmark ❑ Local government
recorded by Historic American Buildings ❑ University
Survey # ❑ Other
❑] recorded by Historic American Engineering Specify repository .
Record #
10, Geographical Data
Acreage of property . 67 xrres more or 1 Pass!
UTM References
Zone Ezsting Northing Zone Easting Northing
C L!J L___l_t_..I J L I I l o (_� ( I I ► ► I ! I I
❑ See continuation sheet
Verbal Boundary Description
The nominated property is outlined in red on the enclosed Orange County Tax Map ;► 15 ,
Cheeks) Township . The Faucett House tract of 50 acres is • that. portion of Tract . Ne . 8
awarded to Mary A . Walker as her dower tract in Orange County Superior Court , April
14 , 1905 . The Faucett Mill tract of 17 acres is Tract No . 4A in its entirety .
❑ See continuation sheet
Boundary Justification
The 50 acre dower tract of 1905 constitutes the earliest verifiable home tract
associated withti•: e ratteatt House , and includes all of the standing outbuildings .
The 17 acre mill tract is the acreage which has been associated with the . mill since.
approximately 1940 , and contains the mill , dam , mill cottage , and the river ford
❑ See continuation sheet -
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Form 10 % 100 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE" :
( July 1969 ) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE North 'Carolina
COUNTY •
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Orange
INYENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY
ENTRY NUMBER DATE
( Tppeallentries — complete applicable sections)
•1NAME : . . . . . . . .
C OMMON :
Moorefields
AND , Og HISTORIC :
•
beat
2 . LOCATION
STREET ANC NUMBER :
SR 1135111 . 1 miles from junction with SR 1134
CITY OR TOWN :
Hillsborough vicinity ( Fourth Con ressional District The Hon . Nick Galifia skis )
STATE CODE COUNTY : CODE
North Carolina 37 Orange 13
3. , CLASSIFICATION . ' : :: % .
H CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE
Z
( Check One) OWNERSHIP STATUS TO THE PUBLIC
_
❑ District j Building ❑ Public Public Acquisition : ( R Occupied Yes :
❑ Site ❑ Structure ® Private ❑ In Process ❑ Unoccupied ❑ Restricted
❑ Ob ect ❑ Both ❑ Being Considered ❑ Unrestricted
i ❑ Preservation work
~ In progress NO
V PR ESEN T USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)
❑ Agricultural ❑ Government ❑ Park ❑ Transportation ❑ Comments
❑ Commercial ❑ Industrial ® Private Residence ❑ Other (Specify)
I•, . ❑ Educational ❑ Military ❑ Religious
t/ 1 ❑ Entertainment ❑ Museum ❑ Scientific
: . . : . . . . :. . : . : .
.:: . : : :.. . : :: . :. ... . . . ..: : •; :. .:::.: :: •. 41# 1a:, OWNER OF PROP . . . . :Z : . . .: . . . . :
I.
_ OWNER ' S NAMEW of
N
aft dwl
Edward T . Dra • er - Sava • a �..
W STREET AND NUMBER : m
w "Moorefields ' - -Route 2 Box 404
i/9
CITY OR TOWN : L It
STATE : COO£
Hillsborou&h North ' N
.,
:tE
1 --�_
. �,. . . v . . .. . . : •: : : . . . . . . ., . ::;. ;.:`:::::: ::.::::.: :: •'tip::•i::{•!::•::::•'':' :..:•}:•%i:}: }••.; • i:•:ti %:•:•: : ::• ::•:trOCATiON - OF . LEGAL . D S :: : ; :<; job I
T.I. :::: . ;.:.: ;: -: .. ..; ; 11 :: >; :: >A
COURTHOUSE , REGISTRY OF DEEDS * PsTC : f7
O
Orange -County 8 Q C .
11 2
STREET AND NUMBERS � .4
<
atonement 12
CITY OR TOWN': STATE CODE
Hillsborough North Carolina 37
bw' ' REPRESENTATIONIN EXISTING SURVEYS •
: . . . .
MESSES
TITLE OF SURVEY : m
Z
Historic American Buildings Survey 1 ] I
0
DM TE OF SURVEY : Federal ❑ State ❑ County ❑ Local < a WEENEWINE Z :0 - •
DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECOROsi C =
Library of Congress • Q CANEWEEMS M +
'' c
STREET AND NU3CAW D �^
1 M
Independence Avenue ; S . E . .,
East Capitol and °z
CITY OR TOWN : STATE: CODE t—
Washington D , , ;
4
SIGNIFICANCE
PEFIOO ( Check One or more as Appropriate )
❑ Pre - Columbian ; ❑ 16th Century ❑ 18th Century ❑ 20th Century
❑ 15th Century ❑ 17th Century 19th Cent , ory
SPECIFIC 0ATVSI (I1 Applicable and Known)
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE ( Check One or $lore as Appropriate)
A bar iginoi ❑ Education ® Political Lam„ Urban Planning
Q Prehistoric ❑ Engineering ❑ Religion/ Phi . ❑ other (Specify) .
❑ Historic ❑ Industry losaphy
❑ Agriculture O Invention ❑ Science
7) Architecture ❑ Landscape ❑ Sculpture Mingo
❑ Art Architecture ❑ Social /Human -
Commerce ❑ Literature itarian
❑ Communications ❑ Military ❑ Theater
❑ Conservation ❑ Music ❑ Transportation
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The builder of Moorefields was Alfred Moore of Wilmington , a distingui. s ed
soldier and judge . In 1758 Moore was appointed captain in the First North
Carolina Regiment , which later fought at the Battle Moore ' s Creek Bridge .
`^ After resigning his commission in 1777 , he returned to his Wilmington plan -
t tation where his activities in the local militia caused the British to burn
p his home . - At the war ' s end Moore found himself destitute and turned to the
At
practice of law , having previously studied for that profession under his fat er .
U At Hillsborough in 1782 , Moore acted as prosecutor in several to
cases while the state attorney general was absent . The services he rendered
on this occasion won him an appointment that year as attorney general . While
holding this office , in 1785 , he built Moorefields west of Hillsborough .
�. Moore served until 1790 when , secure financially , he left his position for
plantation life . ' During this , period of retirement he helped prepare an ordi
nance to establish. the seat of the University of North Carolina and to lay '
Z off the town of Chapel Hill . In 1798 Alfred Moore returned to public life
when he was elected one of the judges of the North Carolina Supreme Court .
w His tenure on the state bench was cut short when in 1799 he was appointed
W to fill the position of the late James IreGell on the United States Supreme
Court . Justice Moore served in this position until failing health forced
his resignation in 1804 .
Moore died October 15 , ' 1810 , and willed Moorefields to his son , Alfred ,
ition of practicing law and entering politics .
who followed the family trad
Alfred Moore ' the younger was elected to the North Carolina House of Commons
in 1813 and again in 1817 . SerVing . until 1826 , he further distinguished himmon
self in the 1823 - 1824 term when he was elected speaker . He died in 1837 ,
leaving Moorefields to his son -in -law , Francis Nash Waddell * In 1847 the
estate was divided with the tract containing the house going to Alfred Moore s
daughter, Augusta . It remained in the family until 1913 when it . was adver -
tised for public sales
In the following years the subsequent owners were not members of the
Moor family . Ia 1949 , however , ' Edward T . Draper - Savage , who is related to
the Moore family by marriage , acquired and began restoring the house . It is
now i.n excellent condition .
MoorefAeds , historically significant as the home of the politically
prominent Moore family , is architecturally important as one of the earliest
appearances of the FedeYal style in the state . It is further distinguished b
the well - executed mantels and fine Chinese qChippendale stair . - -
7 , DESCRIPTION 037
( Check One)
M Excellent ❑ Good ❑ Fair CONDITION CD Deteriorated ❑ Ruins ❑ Unexposed
( Check One) ( Check One)
❑ Altered Unaltered ❑ Moved CR Original Site
OESCRIBE THE PRESENT ANO ORIGINAL ( if known) PHYSICAL. APPEARANCE
Moorefields is a small Federal country house consisting of a two - story
ide , with flanking one - bay wings . All three sec -
central block , three bays wtions have- low brick foundations and are covered by molded weatherboards
applied with rosehead nails . A molded cornice occurs under the slightly
splayed eaves of the low gable roof of each section .
The first level of the main ( south ) facade of the central block is pro -
tected by a shed porch which has turned wooden posts and is enclosed by a
replacement balustrade * The impression of the original molded hand rail is
still visible on the pilasters at either end of the porch . The flush sheath
ing under the porch is pierced by three openings . two narrow windows with
heavy molded sills containing nine - over -nine sash and an entrance in the wes
bay . The entrance originally contained an unusually tall six -panel door ,
in the twentieth century the two upper panels were cut off to pro -
but early
vide space for the present four -light transom . At the second level of the H
main facade in the two outer bays are small six - over - six windows with louver d
shutters . All other windows have the same treatment except those under the rn
porches where the shutters are flat -paneled . M
The wings are two bays deep and extend beyond the main block to the re ,
enclosing the sides of the * shed porch on this facade . This porch was also Z
enclosed early in the twentieth century but all the original elements includup
ing the chamfered wooden supports were left intact . -i
The chimney placement , arranged to heat both the main block and wings C=
with only two chimneys , reflects the side - hall plan of the main block . An n
exterior brick chimney, located on the gable end of the west wing , heats
only this wing while the other , placed at the junction of the main block and
the east wing , serves both the parlor beside the hall and the a ast wing .
There are no fireplaces on the second floor . O
z
Moorefields in a side hall with a large parlor to the east in the v+
main block and two rooms in each wing . In the hall is an interesting closed
string stair that rises on the west wall and winds around the rear wall to _
the second level . Both the single stringer and the spandrel below are flat -
paneled . The most remarkable feature of the stair is the fine Minese rChip -
pendale balustrade with heavy molded handrail and square newel with molded
cap . The parlor , finished with walls plastered above and below a molded
chair rail , is dominated by the mantel in the center of the east wall . One
of the earliest expressions of Federal design in Piedmont North 'Carolina , th
i mantel consists of a molded architrave around the rectangular opening with
slender reeded pilasters rising within the architrave and supporting unador d
' . end blocks . The outer molding of the architrave breaks out over the pilaste s
to form caps . The end blocks flank a wide diagonally reeded frieze and, sup
port a delicately molded shelf that breaks over the and blocks . The over-
mantel consists of three ranges of three flat panels each aflanked by tall ,
ith caps formed by the heavy molded cornice which
thin reeded pilasters w
carries around the parlor . To the right of the mantel a low door leads int
the south room of the west wing , which now serves as a dining room but was
originally a bedroom . Both rooms in this wing , are heated by tiny corner
fireplaces located in the northwest and southwest corners respectively . - -
1C- 300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE
(July 1969 ) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
I�Iorth Carolina
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM - - Orange
FOR NPS USE ONLY
ENTRY NUMBER GATE
(Continuation Sheet)
(Number all entries>
7 •
Each room has lost most of its original trim .
Zhe west wing is reached through a doorway located in the west wall of
the side hall just in front of the stair . The rooms in this wing are also
heated by corner fireplaces but with much larger openings . The south room
contains its original trim with a beaded chair rail and a narrow concave wooden
cornice . The mantel is similar to the one in the main parlor but diminished
in scale and features an overmantel consisting of two ranges of three large
flat panels e
The second floor of Moorefileds . contains a stair hall in the northwest
corner with two bedrooms across the front and a smaller roon to the east of
the hall . All the rooms are plainly finished with plaster walls and little
elaboration other than the simple architraves around the windows . The only
major change to this floor , is the conversion of the small east room into a
bathroom .
r
l9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
Ashe , Samuel A . , ed . Biographical History of North Carolina from Colonial O t �
Times to the Present . Greensboro , NorthtCarolina : 'Charles L . Van `
Noppen , 1907 ,
Orange (County Records , Orange 'County 'Courthouse , Hillsborough , North Carolin ,
Office of the Register of Deeds . ( Subgroups : Deeds , Wills ) .
Orange (County_ Records , State Department of Archives and History , Raleigh ,
North Carolina . ( Subgroups .* Deeds , Wills )
`. ] 0 . . : GEOGRAPHICAL DATA . ` : : . . ' ; . . . . : , .. . . , : :. `:: _ ;'; ;.. >: ' . ::` ` : `•<`:: . 11
OWNS
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES—
OEF ► NING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY 0 DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY
R OF LESS THAN TF. N ACRES
CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds
NW a 4 0 1 w ► w 36 0 03 ► 07 • o • w
N E O w O w 79 08 43
SE O r w O • w
SW 1 Q r • 1 O • •
APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY : 4 Acres
ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES
WIN
STATE : CODE COUNTY COOS rn
M
STATE : CODE COUNTY : COOS
SIMMONS
STATE : CODE COUNTY : CODE z
H '
STATE : CODE COUNTY : CODE
REA FO R M�: P P R•.
C
NAME AND TITLE :
Survey and Planning Unit ' Staff , John Be Wells , III , Supervisor. n
ORGANIZATION DATE
-State Department of Archives and History 12 January 1972 —
STREET AND NUMBER : Q
109 East Jones Street z
CITY OR TOWN : STATE E�3
ODE
IF North Carolina 7
. . . . . . . . . .
IV STAGE .::LI:AISON _ 4F.F. E.CE.R : C R f' 1: : CA '1 .EQN : �%W'" Al I N E`. RE iS't' ER YERCF.:. i.CA.TtO
As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na -
tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ( Public Law I hereby certify that this property is included in the
89 -665 ) , I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register.
in the National Register and certify that it has been
evaluated according. to the criteria and procedures set
forth by the Nationat Park Service. 'Ilia recommended
Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation
level of significance. of this nomination is :
National ❑ State Local ❑
got
Date
EMISSIONS
Name
He G • Jones • Arr�, sr :
Title Director , S ate Department . of -
NEWS
Archives and MFEory
Keeper of The National Register
Date 12 January 1972 Gate
GP 90 1 . 04T
040 LEt
I
a ( ' MOOREFIELDS FOUNDATION
MIT 111 R"t:1-'11 2201 hloorefields Road
1 i illsborotigh, N.C. 27278
tii �1S2(iY Ilia Norlll Carolina legislatuure, which nowadays convenes in Raleigh, was a traveling road show during
the late eighteenth century. l iillsborough was a regular slap, and attracted many influential men, among them W ) Insington 's
Alfred Moore, a Revolullooary War hero and one of Noah Carolina 's foremost ) urisls.
lu 1785 Moore built a summer home on 1 , 202 acres about three miles from Ilia courthouse hs Hillsborough, and
named It hloorefields. 'lite house, which look three years to complete, occupies a site once tailed Crayfields, where Orange
Counly held its first Court of Common ( ' leas and Quarters in 1752, Iwo years prior to I Iiliisborough 's founding.
Moore was North Carolina ' s altorney general at the lime lie built his mountain retreat . later In iris career Moore
served as a member of eaciu iwuse of the stale legislature and as a elate Superior Court Judge. lie barely missed election to
the U. S. Senate in 1794, and helped draw up Ilia founding documents for the University of North Carolina at New flops
Chapel, today 's Chapel Bill. Moore 's career of public service was capped in 1798, when he became the second North
Carolinian appointed to serve as an Associate Justice on the U. S . Supreme Court.
The man for whom Moore Comely (Sanford) is named relired from the beach in 1805 and died five years later at
file age of 55. Ile is burled at Old Brunswick near Wilssnhsglon.
Qver the years most of Maorefields' acreage was sold off, wills ilia house and land inulledlately surrounding It
remaining In Ilse family until 1911 . litany of hloore's descendants are burled in a s( one- walled family cemetery several
hundred yards soulhwest. of the house; funds from Ilse estate of a ) tile 1I1113borougls schoolteacher, Miss Annle Cameron,
Delp maintain Ilia sylvan spot.
In 1949 Moorefieids was purchased by UNC drench professor f dwrrd llnayer Draper-Savage, . later discovered to
be related by marriage to Alfred Moore.
Draper- Savage performed an awar& winnissg reslural Ion of the house, which was added to the National Register of
I listoric places on April 25, 1972. A painter and sculptor, Draper- Savage also laid out lawns, flower beds, and a format hedge
garden and park.
Upon Mr. Draper- Savage 's de ,►th in 1978 -- he is buried ) test west of llte house, among his beloved tale —
ownership of the property fell to lire F,ffIs [raper Savage- Neille Draper Dick Memorial foundation for line Preservation of
Moorefields. Ilse Mooreflelds Foussdalion is administered by ► Ise Trust Department of Central Carolina Bank, which
oversaw stabilization anti renovation of ilia Douse Ire 1983.
110.101! Alfred Moore carefully situated his house atop a hill where It would catch the prevallitug etuuurer breeze.
According to legend, Ilse Moores came west from " Beau Clsoix," their plantation near Wilminglon, to enjoy Ilia house 's
cooling charms from May unlil Ilse hard frosts of October. Now a curator inhabits hloorvfields yeareround.
l Ise (sauuse at hfoorefieids is archilecittrahiy dislingtulslsed as one of llte earliest examples of ilia Federal style in
North Carolina. ') he building's exterior appearance, as well as its Interior layout, are little changed from 1785. Ilse house
features a etpaelous "Great I fail" wills well • execuled reeded manlel. Porlrtiils anti furniture lit lire room come from Draper-
Savage's fansUFrA rare Chinese Chippendale staircase marks the fall central hallway, and ilia house's matching twonroons
w11169 feature flreptaces, waiuscoling and additlossal artworks and aid itl tie •furnlshings. .
SaRQUNVI fifty oaks planted around the house A the lime of its construction consbined with the overhanging front porch
to aid In cooling the Interior. All tout two of those trees have died, bill maples and oaks were plaited during Ilse early 1980s
to lake their place. A rluarler- mile of privet hedges, four acres of lawns and wildflowers, flower beds, nature trails, woods,
camhsilea, and 40 acres of permaneut pasture further grace Ilia property.
' 1 he grounds are nsafuta ) ned as a wildlife refuge, and every effort is made to woek in consonance with nalum
VIES Ilse hImrefieIds Faundallives is dedlcaled to preserving the house and grounds ashloorefields, and to nuking those
resources accessible to ilia public by apivo lost nsent . Ilse property Is available for use by artists, causpers, hikers and
picnickers, as well as for conferences asset recel•lions. Contributions are retiulred of those hosting group events`
o"a No. 1014omW 18
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 041
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts . See instructions in Guidelines
for Completing National Register forms ( National Register Bulletin 16) . Complete each item by marking 'Y ' in the appropriate box or by entering
the requested information . If an item does not apply to the property being documented , enter " NIA " for " not applicable . " For functions , styles , materials ,
and areas of significance , enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions . For additional space use continuation sheets
( Form 10- Wa) . Type all entries.
1 . Name of Property
historic name Rigsbe_e ' s Rock House
other names/site number The Rock House
2 . Location
street S number NW corner of interesection of Lawrence Road and NLA not for publication
city , town Highway 70 West Bypass , east of Hillsborough , NC vicinity
state North Carolina code NC county Orange code 1 zip code 27278
3 . Classification
Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
❑X private ® building (s) Contributing Noncontributing
❑ public- local ❑ district 2 buildings
❑ public- State ❑ site sites •
❑ public- Federal ❑ structure 3 structures
❑ object 3 objects
8 Total
Name of related multiple property listing . Number of contributing resources previously
NONE listed in the National Register 0
4 . State / Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 , as amended , i hereby certify that this
nomination ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the
National Regis of Historic Plaeevaod mee the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 .
In my i 1 e pro y a ❑ do s not meet the National Register criteria . D See continuatio sheet .
Signature of certifying official Date
State Historic Preservation Officer
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . D See continuation sheet .
Signature of commenting or other official Date
State or Federal agency and bureau
5 . National Park Service Certification
I , hereby, certify that this property is ,
❑ entered in the National Register.
❑ See continuation sheet.
❑ determined eligible for the National
Register. ❑ See continuation sheet. _
❑ determined not eligible for the
National Register.
❑ removed from the National Register.
❑ other, ( explain . )
Signature of the Keopor Date of Action
-
Domestic / single dwelling Domestic / single dwelling
7 . Descriptlon
Architectural Classification Materials (enter categories from instructions )
( enter categories from instructions )
foundation . Stone
Tudor Revival walls Stone
Stucco
roof Asphalt
other Brick
Wood
Describe present and historic physical appearance .
DESCRIPTION
Ri gsbee ' s Rock House , a Tudor Revival home built around 1929 , is situated
on a 1 . 84 acre corner lot about 2 miles east of Hillsborough , NC . The
lightly wooded property is surrounded on three sides by a low , white
flint rubble . rock wall . An original two car , detached garage , a pump
house , and an outdoor swimming pool , each constructed of white flint
rock , are also contained within the parameters of the property .
Rigsbee :` Rock House , ca . 19 29 . Contributing Building :
The Rock*f*: House is *+. a. sprawling , one and one * halfq story , roughly
rectangular dwelling with . a front. terrace and three * ori.gi.na:l .. porches • on
the side +, *O and rear elevations . A deep hip roof crowns.. the rock• 4 first
story ."` The exterior of� the house is constructed of. white flint . rubh. le - .
rock wall: . " , cladding with rope or grape - vine mortar . The steeply pitched
roof has front and rear gabled dormers ands large cross gables . All
gables and dormers have decorative half timbering of wood and stucco .
The white flint rubble rock stack of the interior chimney extends above
the roof line on the east end of the house , The wooden six over six
window sashes are placed singly and in groups of two and three in brick
sills and frames . Originally , a rock arch led onto the front terrace .
The columns remain but for safety reasons the arch was removed a number
of years ago . A low white flint rubble rock wall surrounds the front
terrace which is floored in a gray slate known locally as " Duke Stone . "
Two white flint rubble rock columns support the side gabled roof of the
porch on the east side of the house . A smaller porch extends off the west
side of the house and a screened porch off the rear elevation .
The arched , wooden front door has two vertical panels topped by five
panes of glass , stacked two over three . The door opens into an entrance
hall , with a living room to the left side and a parlor to the right . Two
of the five bedrooms are on the first floor , the other three upstairs .
The interior of the house . retains the original oak tongue and groove
flooring , window and door surrounds , textured wall plaster , doors and
door hardware . The house ' s only fireplace , in the living room , s
constructed of white flint rubble rock ( see photo V ) . The origi
marble mantel shelf was replaced during an unknown period with a thick ,
See continuation sheet
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 013
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number ______ Page 1
varnished wooden slab mantel . The dirt floored basement contains the
original . furnace ( inoperative ) and the currently used modern heat pump .
The house and surrounding outbuildings , with the exception of the garage ,
retain a high degree of architectural integrity , having undergone only
one major refurbishing in 1986 - 87 . This refurbishing carefully restored
the original fabric of the house with only the following minor
alterations . Several interior walls in the kitchen - breakfast room area
of the rear were removed and the area converted into one large eat - in .
kitchen . Two new upstairs bathrooms were constructed out of a dressing
room / bathroom and storage space in the rear gable , and a small upstairs
bedroom was expanded utilizing storage space in the front gable . A
closet . was added to the upstairs master bedroom utilizing space in the
steeply gabled roof .
Outbuildin .gs nd Yard Scul. t� ire
oar
1 . Garige : ( See - photo . # 3 ) Ca . 19. 296o.. . . Contributin build"4 ng : %
Constructed. . . of wholllte . flint . rubble rock , with•. o. . . front: 4. gabled asphalt
shingled roo.fa: .. Converted inr 19864 to an 3par. tmen .tigues:t: house .
2 Pump-; : House . ( Se e *. . photo # 4. ) . . Ca . i9 2 9 . . . Contributing . structure ,,
Constructed of white flint rubble -rock with steeply pitched , asphalt
shingled hipped roof . The original interior contains the old well pump .
3 . Wall . ( See photos # 2 & 5 ) . Ca . 1929 . Contributing stru *- I
White flint rubble rock surrounds the property on the north , east and
west . property lines . Two rock columns flank the main entrance to the
property at the junction . of Lawrence Road and US 70 West Bypass . Theo
front drive circles in front of the house , entering off Lawrence Road and
exiting onto US 70 West Bypass . An arched entrance way in the east wall
leads onto a walkway and - to the east side porch . Small rock columns flank
the front exit off US 70 and the rear entrance to the property off of
Lawrence Road .--
4 . Swimming Pool . ( See photo # 5 ) . Ca . 19 29 . Contributina
structure . Located in the front yard and constructed of concrete with
white flint rubble rock walls , capped with marble slabs . The pool has
not been in use for many years .
5 . Two Planters and One Arch . ( See photos # 2 & 5 ) . Ca . 1929 .
Contributing ob ' ects . free standing white flint rubble rock arch
3 .
stands . near the pool and two tiered six foot rubble rock planters flank
the front of the house .
,{ ❑ nationally ❑ statewide ❑ locally "
Applicable National Register Criteria 0 A ❑ 8 C ❑ D
Criteria Considerations ( Exceptions) ❑ A ❑ S ❑ C ❑ D ❑ E ❑ F ❑] G
Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Significant Dates
Social History , 1929 - 1931 1931
Architecture 1929 1929
Cultural Affiliation
NIA
Significant Person Architect/Builder
N / A unknown
State significance of property , and justify criteria , criteria considerations , and areas and periods of significance noted above .
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
Rigsbee ' s Rock House , a 1929 rural country estate near Hillsborough , is
archi: tecturalZy. signi. fi �� ant ,3. 5 : the best. known : ex amp l:e:: : . in .: . 0rangq ;, Co�snty: , of
. a 15. 20s `Tudor *` Revival . style. estate ; with associatede. outbuildings and : yard
sculpture , all constructed . of whiter flint- rock :. But its primary
significance 4is its association. with -: convicted bootleggers . �iack . • Rigsbee
and his wife ; or whore. the.: . . house ,% .. wa . s : built. . The house *. has col• or. ful
legends linkir, :� its . spaca. ous . attic storage4 areas : and overstructured
bathraac'm floor to bootlagging . . in w the - house I . . Rigsbee . ' s . . Rock Hcu . se
ok
enhances Orange Cour_ ty. ' s. rei) utation as one of North : Carolina . ' s premier ;
bootlegging counties in the Depression years .
Historical Background :
Mack Rigsbee , and his wife Julie E . Rigsbee , purchased in June , 1927 lots
72 - 75 in Block D of the Bankhead Forest Property ' ( Orange County Deed Book
88 , page 39 ) . In April 19 28 , the Rigsbees purchased the adjacent lots
68 - 71 ( Orange County Deed Book 90 , pages 37 - 38 ) . It is assumed that the
house and outbuildings .were completed and occupied by late 1928 or early
1929 . The Rigsbees defaulted on their mortgage in 1931 ( Orange County
Deed Book 96 , - page 200 ) . Since then the house has had a succession of
owners . The current owners purchased the property in June , 1986 and
immediately began renovations to the house which had been neglected
through the years .
The architect and builder of the house are unknown . However , identical
stone masonry can be seen in the foundations , chimneys and lowrock walls .
of - - 1920s & - 30s small bungalow homes along south Alston Street in Durham ,
NC . This is a historically black neighborhood and suggests that black
stone masons may • have helped construct Rigsbee ' s house near Hillsborough .
A Mrs . Brogdon , one of the subsequent owners of the house , recalled
[ See continuation sheet
united States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 045
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Page 1
hearing that an Italian stone mason hired to work on the buildings at
Duke University , also worked on the Rigsbee house ( Singleton Interview )
The white flint rock is said to have come off an Orange County farm and
the slate used to floor the front porch from the same quarry that
provided stone for Duke University in Durham . ( Singleton Interview ) ,
Very little factual information is known about Mack Rigsbee but local
stories of his notoriety abound even today . I According to local lore ,
Rigsbee was a Prohibition bootlegger who styled himself as . a " gentleman
farmer . " He was alleged to have used the many storage areas created by
his house ' s steeply pitched roof and dormers to hide the moonshine some
say he distilled in the downstairs bathroom . The . construction of the
ides possible corroboration for the legend . The current
Rock House prov
owners found that- the downstairs . bathroom. . had a# rein forced• . f loan. , and l an . : ,
over s i zed % drain in . the batr tub . The upstairs bedroom and baahr.00m-: : wa hl s
end far from the roof eaves ,. . leaving oversized storage.. . areas• % beneath ttle :
steeply pitched hip roof. . . One . of the faucets . 1TI . the ° upstairs - sink was
ts own tank concealed in the eaves of.. the . roof ; Some: , . have
fed by i
speculated . that Rigsbee and his guests had only - to. turn the. . . appropriate .
fauce 't: �` to fill their . glasses with il.1egal libation . _ . mother. tale recalls .
a tunnel from the baseinent~ . to the garage so liquor could be " smuggled in .
and out of the house without being seen . Clarence Jones , a local
historian who knew Mack Rigsbee , remembers the bootlegger as a short
dapper man who wore kid gloves , drove a new Model A . every year , dressed
his wife in finery and was a wholesaler - distributor of illegal whiskey ,
known locally as East Lake Rye . ( Charlotte Observer , 26 January 1987 ) .
Documentation for the legends that surround Rigsbee ' s bootlegging
activities. exist both in ' Durham County court records and in North Carolina Supreme Court
records * Neighboring Durham County records document Mack Rigsbee ' s
conviction in June , 1929 on charges of assault with a deadly weapon . Co -
defendants were Felix Rigsbee who was found not guilty of assault and ,
battery with a deadly weapon and Whalen Barbee who was found guilty of
those charges - The events leading up to the trial are not known ;
however , Mack Rigsbee was fined $ 500 and given a suspended two year
sentence' on the= Durham County Road gang providing he gave " $ 1000 bond to
guarantee the maintenance of peace with Felix Rigsbee . " ( Durham Superior
Court Minutes , 1929 , pg . 416 , 552 , 558 _ )
* Orange County Court - - Records - are not indexed and have not been
thoroughly searched .
United States Department of the Interior
National( 4 #8 Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number- . s___ Page 2
During the mid 1930s Mack Rigsbee and his family lived in the vicinities
of Henderson , Oxford , and Durham . Mack Rigsbee , sometime car dealer and
filling station operator , was charged and convicted in September , 1935 of
illegal possession of whiskey . Law enforcement officers had stopped him
driving through •Durham , NC , . with his grown sons , Wallace and Warren .
They found three one half - gallon jars of illegal whiskey . He was
convicted and sentenced to eighteen months on the Durham County Jail road
gang . Three months later , in December , law enforcement officials found
twelve half - gallon jars of whiskey hidden in the attic of the Rigsbee ' s
Granville County home . Court records frequently mention that two new
Ford V - 8s were parked in the yard . The couple was tried and convicted of
illegal possession ' and - transportation of whiskey and Mack was sentenced
to twelve months on the Granville County Jail road gang . One witness
testi .fied;; . that he had known Mrs . Rigsbee . !& for ten years and , ,. that , she, . . had. a
bad reputation ' for " handling - liquor " . . Another witness testified .. that 4he
had known Mrs . Rigsbee since 1929 and . she4 : had once. lived " be .tweeTv Durham
and Hillsborough in a rock house .* *" Other testimony - , mentioned . that 87
gallons of liquor were* found hidde in a closet . of the Rigsbee ' s home at
an eWE arlier date . Both . convictions . were unsuccessfully appealed to the
State "Supreme Court by Mack Rigsbee . ( State . . v . Mack Rigsbee . v 21 . 1 NC _ 128 ,
189 # S . B *: 'S 181 ( 1937 ) . ) .
The court records , while shedding little light on Rigsbee ' s Orange County
activities , do lend credence to his generally held reputation as a
bootlegger . His Tudor Revival country6 estate home near Hillsborough is
not only a - well -preserved 1920s landmark but also a unique example of
the lifestyle of one the area ' s better known bootleggers .
Social History Context .
Prohibition became law in North Carolina in 1909 and nationally in 19 20 .
Bootlegging required little capital when undertaken on a modest scale and
in many North - Carolina counties it served to offset the financial
travails of the depression . Orange County was considered one of the
staters " premier moonshining counties . " The illicit manufacture and sale
of whiskey continued to be common practice for many years even after the
1933 repeal of Prohibition . ( Parramore , pp . 15 - 16 ) . Although bootlegging
was a widespread illegal activity in the 1920s , and , on a smaller scale ,
until the recent past , the Rock House is the first site associated with
it which has been documented by the North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Office .
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 047
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Page 3
Architectural Context :
Rigsbee ' s Rock House is a well preserved Tudor Revival home , an
architectural style popular in early twentieth century , middle class
suburbs throughout the Piedmont and Western areas * of North Carolina . The
style was less popular in rural areas of the state . No complete survey
of historic properties exists for Orange County , however , it is believed
locally that Rigsbee ' s Rock House , as a rustic country estate with a
garage , pump house , swimming pool , gates , walls and planters , all built
of white flint rock , is unique in Orange County .
048
See Continuation Sheet 9 . 1
F�A] See continuation sheet
Previous documentation on file (NPS) :
❑ preliminary determination of individual ! 'sting (36 CFR 67) Primary location of additional data :
has been requested M State historic preservation office
❑ previously listed in the National Register ❑ Other State agency
❑ previously determined eligible by the National Register ❑ Federal agency
❑ designated a National Historic Landmark ❑ Local government
❑ recorded by Historic American Buildings ❑ University
Survey # ❑ Other
❑ recorded by Historic American Engineering Specify repository:
Record
10 . Geographical Data
Acreage of property 1 . 84
UTM References
A 11 7 i ' 7 4 l i p t - i ft-._l::_L' �? 10 U�" ti - t. g L_i.�I I t ! f 1 L� L . L..:._1.J
Zone Easting Northing• Zone Easting Northing
See 'continuation sheet
Verbal Boundary Description
Block Ii , Lot 9
The nominated property is outlined in red on the enclosed Orange County Tax Map # 3 and
constitutes lots 68 -75 of the Bankhead Forest Development . The 1 . 84 acre lot measures
189 . 85 ' x 400, ' x 200 ' x 400 ' . ❑ See continuation sheet
Boundary Justification
The nominated property constitutes the entire lot historically associated with the
house and outbuildings .
❑ See continuation sheet
11 . Form Prepared B
name/title Michelle A . Francis , Consultant
organization date 3 June 1988
street & number 1542 Sunrise Avenue telephone 919 787 — 31 or 9
NC
city or town — Raleigh state zip code
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 019
5
3
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number -9____. Page 1
MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
The Charlotte Observer . 26 January 1987 ,
Durham County Superior Court Docket , Vol . 21 , 1928 - 1929 . ( Microfilm ,
State Archives , Raleigh . )
Interview : James and Judy Singleton , 1987 - 1988 , Hillsborough , NC . The
Singletons provided information on the renovation of the house ,
newspaper clippings about Mack Riggsbee , and local lore gathered
from neighbors and long - time residents of Hillsborough .
Lefler , Hugh and Wager , Paul , Editors ., Orange. County ; . 175 2 - 19 52 . .. . . . Chapels
.
Hill : The Orange Printshop , 1953 .
McA .Iester , Virginia and Lee , A Field: Guide . to American Houses . . New.
York : Alfred A . Knopf , 19860
Orange County Deeds , Registrar of Deeds . .. Office ; Hillsborough , . NC .
Parramore , Thomas C . Express Lanes & Country Roads . The Way We Lived in
North Carolina , 1920 - 1978 . Chapel Hill : The University of North
Carolina Press , 1983 .
State v . Mack Rigsbee 211 NC 12 8 , 189 S . E . 181 ( 19 3 7 ) . Transcript
found in Records & Briefs , Fall Term 1936 , Vol . 1 , 10 - 11
Districts . State Supreme Court Library , Raleigh , NC .
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
) 0
0
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
PHOTOGRAPHS 2
Section number Page
PHOTOGRAPHS
Rigsbee ' s Rock House , Hillsborough , Orange County , North Carolina .
Photographs # 1 - 6 were taken by Michelle A . Francis - in 1987 and 1988 ,
Photograph # 7 was taken by James Singleton . in 1988 . All negatives are on
file with the North Carolina Division of Archives and History , Raleigh ,
NC .
1 . Rigsbee ' s Rock House , Front Elevation
Looking South .
# 6 on Sketch Map
2 . Rigsbee ' s Rock House , Wall , . Arch 'a and • Plan ter •, : East ; Elevation
Looking West.
# 3 , 5 , & 6 on Sketch Map
3 . Garage• , Front Elevatian
Looking West
# 1 on Sketch Map
4 . Rigsbee ' s Rock House and Pump House , Rear Elevations
Looking Northwest
# 2 & 6 on Sketch Map
5 . Swimming Pool , Main Entrance , Arch
Looking East
# 4 � & 5 on Sketch Map
6 . Rigsbee ' s . Rock House , West Elevation
Looking East
# 6 on Sketch Map
7 . Fireplace- in Living Room
Looking East
0 � i
BATH BATIL
ffLAUNDRY C
Second , Stbry —
MASTER �
� t
BEDROOM BEDRO0m BEDROOM
AREA AREA
OVER \7To Attic
PORCH OVER
PORCH
C C CL sFm
Ll
O .
SCREENED . PORCH %4 BEDROOM
DINING ROOM KITCHIN
BEDR00�1
�. To Basement4
r up 4
� ll . l
PORCH _ -r -- -- - - -
LIVING ROOM
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SCHEDULE OF EVENTS FOR
DR. ARCH JORDAN HOUSE
NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION
24 9- 98 Mail copy of NRN to HPC in February meeting agenda materials
2 =25-98 HPC Meeting : Discussion of NRN
3 - 9= 98 Notices of March HPC Meeting (Public Hearing on Arch Jordan NRN) mailed to
property owners and adjacent property owners (certified mail)
34 lm98 Publish notice of public hearing ( lst notice)
34 &98 Publish notice of public hearing (2nd notice)
3 -24-98 BOCC Abstracts Due (4- & 98 meeting) : HPC Recommendation on
Arch Jordan NRN
3 -25 -98 Agenda Review
3=25=98 HPC Meeting : Public Hearing on NRN. HPC forwards recommendation
for listing on NR to BOCC.
4448 BOCC Meeting : accepts HPC recommendation ; forward statements to NR
Coordinator, SHPO
4- 9- 98 North Carolina National Register Advisory Committee meeting, Raleigh
0 � �
: :0. 055
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr. , Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary kffrey J. Crow, Director
February 5 , 1998
Mr . Don Belk, Planner II
Orange County
Historic Preservation Commission
306F Revere Rd .
Hillsborough, NC 27278
RE : Dr. Arch Jordan House, Caldwell
Dear Mr. Belk .
Enclosed is a copy of the nomination for the Dr. Arch Jordan House , which is scheduled for
presentation to the North Carolina National Register Advisory Committee on April 9, 1998 . A
copy of the notification letter sent to the property owner is enclosed for your information.
As a Certified Local Government, you have sixty ( 60) days in which to comment on the
proposed nomination. If you do not respond by April 9 , 1998 , on the proposed nomination,
ill be assumed . Please note that the county is to provide an opportunity for
approval of it w
public comment on this nomination according to the terms specified in the certification
agreement the county signed with this office . A copy of your notice to the public should be
forwarded to our office along with any comments you wish to make on the nomination to satisfy
federal and state requirements. Please use the enclosed comment forms to send us your response:
If you have any questions concerning this nomination, we will be happy to help .
Sincerely,
qeVe y U. %row-
State Historic Preservation Officer
JJC/hlb
Enclosures
cc : The Honorable Moses Carey, Jr. , Chairman, Board of County Commissioners
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 -2807 �j�
Orb
0 POW
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The federal and state guidelines for the Certified Local Government Program require that
the CLGs participate in the process of nominating properties to the National Register of
Historic Places . This participation involves the review of nominations within the
jurisdiction of the CLG by the CLG Commission and the chief elected local official .
Opportunity for public comment must be provided during the 60- day comment period .
The commission and the chief elected official are required to submit comments to the
State Historic Preservation Office and the owner of the property relaying their findings as
to the eligibility of the property under consideration for listing in the National Register.
The attached forms are provided for you to facilitate your review of nominations and your
submittal of comments to the State Historic Preservation Office . A copy of the criteria for
listing in the National Register is also enclosed for your reference and use .
Although the federal regulations governing the CLG program call for the chief elected
local official to provide comments on proposed National Register nominations within the
CLG jurisdiction , North Carolina law stipulates that the mayor or chairman of the board
of county commissioners may act only in an administrative capacity on behalf of the local
governing board . If a certified local government has doubts about the legality of the chief
elected official assuming sole responsibility for comments on proposed National Register
nominations , it may wish to consider two alternatives : 1 ) having the governing board
review the nominations or 2) having the governing board pass a resolution granting the
chief elected local official the authority to ash comments on behalf of the governing
board .
oPW �
In order to fulfill the required comment procedures , please complete the information
below and the appropriate comment paragraph which is attached after you have reviewed
the nomination . - This information should be returned to Linda Harris Edmisten , National
Register Coordinator; Survey and Planning Branch , North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Office ; 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -2807 .
COMMENTS ARE DUE IN THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE BY : April 9 , 1998
1 . Name of Certified Local Government : County of Orange
2 . Name of CLG Commission . Historic Preservation Commission
3 . Property being reviewed for nomination: Dr. Arch Jordan House
4 . Please attach documentation of the measures taken to provide for public comment during the
nomination review and a record of any comments received, as per your certification agreement with the
State Historic Preservation Office.
5 . In approving local governments for certification, the SHPO may have stipulated that the Commission
obtain the services of professional historians, architectural historians, or archaeologists when reviewing
National Register nominations, if those disciplines are not represented in the Commission membership . If
this stipulation applies- to you, please note the name of the professional you consulted below and his/her
appropriate field. If you have any questions about the applicability of this stipulation to you commission,
contact Melinda Coleman, Preservation Planner at the State Historic Preservation Office [(919) 733 -
6545] . — - - - - - _
05y
THE CLG COMMISSION SHOULD COMPLETE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPHS :
A . We, the CLO cammiW= , have reviewed and discussed the nomination for the
Dr. Arch Jordan House and find that the property meets the criteria for listing in the National Register
of Historic Places as stated in Section 8 of the report. We therefore, recommend that the property be
submitted for listing in the Register.
Commission chair ' s signature and date
B . We, the CW C0MM1. , have reviewed and discussed the nomination for the
Dr. Arch Jordan House and find that the property does not meet the criteria for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places as stated in Section 8 of the report . We therefore, do not recommend that the
property be submitted for listing in the Register. The reasons for our findings concerning this nomination
are stated below (use additional sheet if necessary).
Commission chair ' s signature and date
060
THE CHIEF ELECTED LOCAL OFFICIAL OR THE LOCAL GOVERNING BOARD SHOULD
COMPLETE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING COMMENT PARAGRAPHS .
C . We, the C U, Offl" , or We, the L4W Cxmmi" Bo„d, have
reviewed the nomination for the Dr. Arch Jordan House and find that the property meets the criteria for
listing in the National Register of Historic Places as stated in Section 8 of the report. We therefore,
recommend that the property be submitted for listing in the Register.
Additional Comments .
Chief Local Elected Official ' s signature and date
D . We, the o , or We, the UW 9=d, have
reviewed the nomination for the Dr. Arch Jordan House and find that the property does not meet the
criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as stated in Section 8 of the report. We
therefore, do not recommend that the property be submitted for listing in the Register. The reasons for
my (or our) findings concerning this nomination are stated below (use additional sheet if necessary) .
Additional comments .
Chief Local Elected Official ' s signature and date
( Oct . t 99Q )
c . 602jr )at8
United States Department of the Interior 061
National Paris Service
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts . See instructions in How to Complete the
National Register o/ Historic Places Registration Form ( National Register Bulletin t 6A) , Complete each item by marking " x " in the appropriate box or
by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the prcpemi being documented . enter " N/A " for " not aeclicable. " For functions ,
architectural classification , materials, ano areas V, f signincance , enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions . Place additional
entries and narrative items on continuation sheets ' `JPS Fcrm 10 %900a ) . Use a typewriter . l,vere processor , or computer , to complete all items .
1 . Name of Property
historic name T , re _ n . nr Arch. House
other names/site number Manse . Tittle River Presbyterian Church / Site numl:ier OR 92
2 . Location
street & number 7015 NC 57 NZ� not for publication
city or town Caldwell NZA►, icinity
state M . rlh Ca -r . l ' na code NC county - -- 0range code 1. 35
zip code
3 . State/ Federal Agency Certification ;
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act , as amended . I hereby certify that this � nomination
❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of
Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 . In my opinion , the property
meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant i
nationally ❑ statewide �: locally. ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments . )
I
Signature of certifying officiall'Title Date
State of Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . ( ❑ See continuation sheet fcr additional
comments .)
Signature of commenting official/Title Date
State or Federal agency and bureau
4 . National Park Service- Certification
I hereby certify that the property is. Signature of the Keeper Date of Action
l -.j entered in the National Register.
u See continuation sheet . -
__ determined eliglcie :or tna
National Register
u See continuation sheet. _
_ determined not eligible for the
National Register.
! _ removed from the National
Register.
_ other. ( explain : )
JCrcan Dram '' House Orz�,e Co . Nort 'i C �. rol ina
Name of Property County and State
5 . Classification
Ownership pf Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
(Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) ( Do not include previously listed resources in the count .)
CR private ® building(s) Contributing Noncontributing
❑ public-local _ ❑ district a -�
buildings
❑ public-State Cl site
❑ public- Federal ❑ structure sites
❑ object
structures
objects
2 Total
Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed
(Enter " NIA" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) in the National Register
N/A 0
6 . Function or Use
Historic Functions Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions) ( Enter categories from instructions)
DOMESTIC /single dwelling DOMESTIC/single alffelling
AGRICUTTURE /SUBSISTENCE/acrriculturai cutbuilding
RELIGION/dI!urch- related resi4ence
7 Description
Architectural Classification Materials
(Enter categories from instructions) ( Enter categories from instructions)
LATE VICTORIAN/Italianate foundation STONE/fieldstcne
walls WOOD/weatherboard
roof METAL/tin
other WOM
BRICK
Narrative Description
(Describe the historic and current.. condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets. )
( see c011t * nuation sheet )
4o, ii6 ,, i rroperty
county and State
8 . Statement of Signcance
Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance
( Mark " x " in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property ( Enter categories from instructions )
for National �iegister listing . ) ARCHITEC'1URE
7 A Property is associated with events that have made SOCIAL, HISTORY
a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
our history .
❑ B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
RI C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type , period , or method of construction or
represents the work of a master , or possesses
high artistic values , or represents a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components lack Period of Significance
individual distinction . ca . 1875 - 1929
❑ D Property has yielded , or is likely to yield ,
information important in prehistory or history .
Criteria Considerations Significant Dates
( Mark " x " in all the boxes that apply .)
ca 1. 875
Property is .
7 A owned by a religious institution or used for
religious purposes .
Significant Person
❑ B removed from its original location . ( Complete if Criterion B is marked above)
NZA
❑ C a birthplace or grave .
_ Cultural Affiliation
❑ D a cemetery . N/A
❑ E a reconstructed building , object, or structure.
❑ F a commemorative property.
❑ G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Architect/Builder
within the past 50 years . un ,rnoT,m
Narrative Statement of Significance
(Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets . )
9 . Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography
(Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets. )
Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data .
❑ preliminary determination of individual fisting (36 State Historic Preservation Office
a
CFR 67 ) has been requested � Other State agency
Y
❑ previously listed in the National Register ❑ Federal agency
❑ previously determined eligible by the National ❑ Local government
Register ❑ University
❑ designated a National Historic Landmark ❑ Other
❑ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository .
❑ recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record #
Caro inG
Name of Propel) 6 =}` County and State
10 . Geographical Data
Acreage of Property 4T '= ? acres
UTM References
( Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet. )
Zcne Easting (INorthing Zone East ; ; � �Jort~ uiy
,
See connnu ,: vcn aneet
Verbai Souncary Description
( Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet. )
Boundary Justification-
( Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet. )
11 . Form Prepared By
_ WEEN
name/title Dr . Keith A . Zahniser
organization data February 1 . 1998
street & number 3710 Knollwood Drive talepi^ cne ( 919 ) ? 83 -a269
city or town Durham state NC zip ccde 2771. 2
Additional Documentation
Submit the following items with the completed form.
Continuation Streets
Maps
A USGS map (7. 5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property ' s location .
A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources .
Photographs
Representative black and white photographs of the property .
Additional items
(Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items}
Property Owner
(Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO .)
name Elizalbetlri P . Davidson
street & number 7015 NC 57 telephone ( 1919 ) 64. 4-- 1 685
city or town Roucremont state NC code 27572
Paoer ,vork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being coilec:ed for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate
properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties , and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain
a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended ( 16 U . S .C . 470 et seq. ).
_ _ Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18. 1 hours per response including time for reviewing
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form . Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect
of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division , National Park Service, P . O . Box 37127, Washington , DC 200134127; and the Office of
Management and Budget , Paperwork Reductions Projects ( 102"018). Washington , DC 20503.
US MVERMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1993 0 - 350-416 QL 3
,tiPS rarTfl iU- ,�-a _n+ d ^ OorOvm .Vp, : Ua4-JQ78
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service 060
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 1
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
Narrative Description :
s—
The Dr. Arch Jordan House is an ornate, center hall , single -pile, two-story frame house with
distinctive Italianate detailing and a projecting central gable built in the last quarter of the nineteenth
century for Dr. Jordan, a prominent physician in the Caldwell , North Carolina community. l The house is
located on the southeast side of NC 57, roughly .25 miles from the intersection with NC 157 , a rural part of
Orange county dominated by farmland. The house faces northwest, sitting on a gently rising grassy expanse
of a farmland plot just north of the north fork of the Little River. Two mature shade trees stand fifteen
yards from the front of the house, and frame the porch and doorway when viewing the house face-on.
Other large shade trees stand ten and twenty yards off. the northeast comer of the house and thirty yards off
the southwest side, and several smaller trees ring the back, southeast corner. A natural pond is situated to
the northeast of the house, across a rural lane that now serves as the driveway to the property which is lined
by a number of small spruce trees . Directly behind and east of the house is a small , two-room smokehouse,
and southeast of this structure, a more modern pumphouse . A board and batten garage twenty yards south
of the house, a frame barn seventy-five yards southeast of the house, and a tobacco barn approximately two
hundred yards east-southeast of the house constitute the remaining structures. The buildings sit on some
forty-seven acres of farmland which stretches off to the south.
-pile form, center hall plan, with two rooms on each of two floors . There is a
The house is a single
projecting center bay under the center gable of a triple-A side- and center-gabled roof. The facade of the
house features paired, hooded 2/2 windows with curved window tops, original shutters and slightly
projecting hooded moldings. Underneath the center gable are projecting, returned eaves supported by
paired, elaborate brackets, as well as a decorative circular attic vent. The one-story porch which follows the
center gable has square posts with decorative bases and a low, hipped-roof configuration. Original porch
brackets and the sawnwork porch balustrade have been removed. The centrally-placed entrance door is
round-topped, divided, and crowned with carved, wooden, pedimented moldings. The house is sheathed in
weatherboard, has a triple-a, v-crimp tin roof and is supported on a stone foundation. The side elevations of
the house maintain the same style- decorative attic vents under the side gables, projecting, returned eaves
supported by paired brackets, and paired, hooded windows- except that the side windows are 1/ 1 instead of
2/2 . The back of the house once had a full-length porch, but this has been enclosed to connect an origmally-
The bulls of this description is taken directly from the narrative description located in the "Dr. Arch Jordan House"
file, North Carolina Division of Archives and History, Department of Cultural Resources, Survey Site # OR 931 , no
author.
2 Richard L. Mattson, "History and Architecture of Orange County, North Carolina," unpublished manuscript
(Hillsborough, NC: Orange County Planning and Development Department, Orange County, North Carolina,
September 1996), 49 .
taa� 066
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Nati6nal Register of Historic Places
Continuation - Sheet
Section number 7 oo 8 Page 2
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
separate two-story kitchen building to the house and enable a more recent shed-roofed rear addition to be
attached to the house. The concrete foundation for this recent addition apparently covers what was once a
well . The side-gabled kitchen has the same decorative detail as the house but the windows are 4/4 instead
of 2/2 or 1 / 1 . There is a central interior ridgeline chimney on the kitchen. The house also features two
interior ndgeline brick chimneys with patterned brickwork and corbelling.
The interior of the house is similarly ornate, and has remained largely unaltered. Original plaster
finish exists in the two first floor rooms -- painted in one room and papered over in another. There is also
an unusual diagonal wood tongue-and-groove sheathing covering the walls of the center hall , a pattern
which is reflected in the paneled wainscoting in the lower rooms . The center hall contains as well an
elegantly curving open staircase with a handrail supported on lathe- turned balusters . Upstairs rooms feature
tongue-and-groove paneling on the walls and ceilings and built- in closets . Heavily molded post-and lintel
mantels frame the fireplaces in each main room. The house retains interior four-paneled doors with original
hardware intact, and both the doors and the windows are bordered by molded wooden surrounds.
%
To the rear of the house is a two-room, combination smokehouse/food storage shed, with original
sub-grade excavation storage space in the northeast room. The structure is windowless, has two doors (one
into each room of the structure), and is built on a foundation of fieldstone . As with the house, this
smokehouse is constructed of weatherboard and features a v-crimp metal roof. Two hundred yards further
to the east sits a side-gabled log and weatherboard tobacco barn, with intact interior tier poles and an
enclosed side bay. The main barn, located southeast of the house, is a one and a half story, multi-use barn
with weatherboard sheathing and a v-crimp, side gabled roof. The roof extends over the southwestern
elevation, covering a runway and half-story equipment storage rooms.
The site also contains non-contributing outbuildings which include a pump house and a modem
board and batten garage. It is estimated that these structures were built after the period of significance.
Statement of Significance._
The Dr. Arch Jordan house, located in the northwest corner of Orange County, is eligible for
National Register listing under Criteria A and C. Significant in the area of Architecture under Criteria C,
the Dr. Arch Jordan house is the best-preserved and most stylish example of the Italianate architectural style
in rural Orange County. Built for Dr. Archibald Currie Jordan in the latter part of the nineteenth century,
this center hall, single-pile, two-story house features extensive and ornate architectural characteristics of the
Italianate style, including bracketed, overhanging eaves; paired and rounded doors and windows; a
columned porch; and a low-hipped roof. The house has also preserved much of its ornate, original interior,
>CM c • . as +OGavpHb IQ: 6.JOT8
�8-26i
UrIited States Department of the Interior 0 6 7
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation, Sheet
Section number 8 Page 3
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
with such decorative features as a tongue-and-groove wooden sheathing which adorns the center hallway
and the upstairs walls and ceilings ; heavily molded and distinct mantels surrounding the fireplaces in each
of the main rooms, and an elaborately curved staircase. While other rural Orange County properties display
Italianate features, the Dr. Arch Jordan house remains the most complete and most ornate rural model of
this genre in the county.
Significant as well in the area of Social History under Criteria A, the Dr. Arch Jordan house and
iated with rural medical practice , the rural economy centered in the cross-roads
property were closely assoc
general store, and the central social institution of the Presbyterian church . Dr. Jordan inhabited the house
from the 1870s to 1905 , using the house as the nucleus of his medical service to the Caldwell community.
He was also quite involved as a teacher and trustee of the nearby Caldwell Institute, a local . school, and
ith his brother a general store and pharmacy across the road from his house. In 1905
established along w
three nearby Presbyterian churches jointly purchased the property to use as a manse, and ministers living
there from 1905 to 1929 served these local churches . In rural Orange County districts like Little River
Township , dominated by scattered family farms, it was the church above all other institutions that that
ide a center for neighborhood social life . Cross-roads
served to cohere local communities and prov
communities such as Caldwell developed around the key institutions of the church, the school , or the
general store. The Dr. Arch Jordan house, associated with all of these vital rural institutions, provided a
central hub to the social life of this rural Orange County community for over half a century.
Architectural Context:
The Dr. Arch Jordan House is historically significant primarily as a well -preserved example of Late
Victorian Italianate architecture. Its highly ornate and detailed design provides a wonderful example of this
architectural style. Originating in the "romanticism of the Picturesque movement this style was most
popular in the years from 1850 to 1880, although rural North Carolina adaptations appeared into the early
twentieth century.3 Italianate architecture was characterized by overhanging eaves with (sometimes
elaborate) bracketed cornices, "elongated, roun&headed and sometimes paired windows capped with
projecting hooded or pedimented and bracketed moldings, " porches with columns and hip-roofed .
construction, and an- overall projection of verticality -- all features clearly present in the Dr. Arch Jordan
House.4 Dr. Jordan was among those wealthy Orange County residents who "chose picturesque versions of
3 quote from Gabrielle M. Lanier and Bernard L. Herman, Eve day, Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic : Looking at
Buildings and Landscapes (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 147489 Catherine W. Bishir, North
Carolina Architecture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 28 &88 .
4 Lanier and Herman, E�day Architecture, 149; Sterling Boyd, "Introduction" in Marguerite Schumann, ed.,
Grand Old Ladies : North Carolina Architecture During the Victorian Era (Charlotte, NC: East Woods Press, 1984),
1849 .
Owe �oao�rtva raz�.a0 � a
NPS Fain 10- 9C0-a
United S a e s Department of the interior
National Park Service •
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation- Sheet
Section number — Page c___
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
the traditional two-story form to communicate their status and taste . "5 The pattern and style chosen by Dr.
Jordan was widely available through popular pattern books , and ornate materials made easier to attain by
post-civil-war industrial and transportation advances . While other examples of Italianate styling appear in
several rural Orange County houses, the Dr. Arch Jordan house is clearly the most ornate, complete, and '
best preserved example of this architectural style in Orange County. The Pitard House (Study List #OR
829) , for example, while displaying Italianate features such as decorative window and door moldings, a
round-topped and* divided front door, and a low-hipped roof, lacks the extent of decorative Italiante styling
of the Dr. Arch Jordan house. A very similarly designed house to the Pitard House located in the same
township (Study List #OR 818) likewise displays limited Italianate features, but again, is not as complete an
example of the style as the Jordan house, and is in poor condition. The John Kenion house (Study List #
OR 736), while exhibiting select characteristics of the Italiante style such as bracketed eaves and arched
window surrounds, projects an overall style of Victorian eclectic . The authors of the comprehensive survey
of Orange County historic resources found the Dr. Arch Jordan house to be "the most elaborate late
nineteenth century dwelling in rural Orange County, " and an architectural history of Orange County
concluded that among the many structures portraying picturesque architecture, the Jordan house is the
clearest rural Orange County example of the Italianate style. 7
Social History Context:
The Dr. Arch Jordan house is secondarily significant for its association with important community
members and institutions of Caldwell, North Carolina, Dr. Archibald Currie Jordan was the premier
physician for this small rural community in the twenty-five years from 1881 to 1906, and made many
contributions to community life. Beyond serving as the local medical professional, he served as a teacher,
trustee, and financial supporter of the Caldwell Institute (at one point also called the Caldwell Academy) , a
local school. The Caldwell Institute was formed in the mid- 1800s as a day school, became a boarding
school in the late 1800s, and later served as the Caldwell community ' s public school.
Jordan also served the school and community in opening, along with his brother Thomas, a general
store/pharmacy across the road from his house, which came to be known as the Jordan Brothers ' Store. The
store/pharmacy enabled community members and Academy students to get their prescriptions filled without
making the seven-mile trip to Hillsborough. Such cross-roads stores were vital institutions in rural Orange
County, providing loans and credit to neighborhood farmers in tough economic times, and needed
s Richard L. Mattson, "History and Architecture of Orange County, North Carolina," 49.
e Ibid., 49 ; 47. - --- - — - - - -- - - - - - - -
7 Jody Carter and Todd Peck, "Historic Resources of Orange County, " unpublished manuscript (Hillsborough, NC:
Orange County Planning and Development Department, 1993 ), 66; Richard L. Mattson, "History and Architecture
of Orange County, North Carolina," 49 .
CM8 /iaprorN No IOZi.pp18
NPS Form 100900-a
United States Department of the Interior 069
National Park Service
i
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation.- Sheet
Section number __8 Page 5
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
manufactured goods in more affluent ones.8 Robert C . Kenzer, in his study of Orange County from 1849 to
1881 , noted that in both antebellum and post-war Orange County rural society, the general store served as a
vital economic and social center for rural neighborhoods . Such stores were often run, as in the Jordan ' s
case, by a local wealthy family. A history of the Jordan family confirms that the Jordan Brothers ' Store
was a gathering place for Academy students, locals, and travelers , and that traveling salesmen would often
spend the night in Dr. Jordan ' s guest room. 10
Dr. Jordan was also a ruling elder in the nearby Little River Presbyterian Church . In this small
community settled largely by Seots-Irish migrants , the church served as a central social institution . Kenzer
concluded that the church was "probably the most important social institution in the lives of Orange
[County] ' s families" and "played an important role in preserving the bonds between families and promoting
cohesion in the neighborhood," citing several examples from the history of the Little River Presbyterian
Church. l Dr. Jordan ' s house became even more firmly linked to the local Presbyterian church when Dr.
Jordan moved his family to Durham in 1904 and sold the house to the church for use as its manse. 12 It was
used as a manse for three local Presbyterian churches -- the Little River Presbyterian church, the Fairfield
Presbyterian church, and the Eno Presbyterian church until the church sold it in 1929 to William Thomas
McKee. 13 Presbyterian ministers C.M. Arrowood and William S . Wilhelm both occupied the house,
serving the Little River, Eno, and Cedar Grove communities , and conducting services that would rotate
among the three churches .
Both Dr. Jordan and the Presbyterian ministers, although not farmers themselves, utilized the
acreage associated with the property for farming. According to available census records , Dr. Jordan
boarded a man named William Smith, who was employed by Jordan as a " farm laborer." Similarly, the
1920 census, although noting the occupation of the Rev. William S . Wilhelm as "minister" and the general
nature of his work as "preaching," nevertheless characterized the property as a "farm" rather than merely a
"house, " and referenced the agricultural schedule number which detailed the farm ' s produce . l4
Rural communities in turn-of-the-century Orange County were often isolated and tight-knit,
springing up and centering around the crucial institutions of post offices, churches, schools, and general
a Mattson, "History and: Architecture of Orange County," 38 ; 6 .
9 Robert C. Kenzer, ,Kin.4hig and Neighborhood in a Southem Community : Orange Counly. North Carolina, 1 4 -
JM (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987), 36-38 ; 113 - 14 .
10 Octavia Jordan Perry, These Jordan Were Here (Provo, Utah: J. Grant Stevenson, . 1969), 187.
11 Kenzer, Kinship and„N igh_bo�d, 1142.
12 Deed Book 58 : 599 (October 3, 1905), Orange County, North Carolina.
13 Deed Book 59 : 95 (April 17, 1906) and Deed Book 94 : 38 (December 1 , 1929), Orange County, North Carolina.
14 U. S. Census, Pgpul tion Schedules- North Carolina, 1900, Orange County, Little River Township, District 5 : 71 ,
Sheet 12 ; U.S . Census, Population Schedules. North Carolina. 1910, Orange County, Little River Township, •
District 204 : 170, Sheet 13 .
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Page 6
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
stores that established themselves at rural crossroads. The Caldwell community is in this sense a well -
preserved representative of other rural Orange County cross-roads settlements such as the nearby Cedar
Grove community, and of other inward-tuning Orange County neighborhoods such as the Eno, New Hope,
and Cane Creek settlements . The Dr. Arch Jordan house, through its association with a prominent local
physician, a general store, several local Presbyterian churches , and farming -- a unique combination of vital
rural institutions -- made it a central focal point of much of Caldwell ' s social activity, and serves to
underscore its significance to the social history of Orange County .
Historical Background:
The date the house was built is contested, but the weight of the evidence points to the mid- 1870s as
the most probable period of construction. The Orange County tax assessor lists 1872 as the date of
construction, and Richard Mattson ' s "History and Architecture of Orange County, North Carolina" claims
that Dr. Jordan built the house in 1875 . 15 Both of these dates appear to be estimates based on architectural
style and physical elements, supported by the appearance of other examples of Italianate styling in rural
Orange County architecture in the same period. The latter date is given credence by a notice in the
Hillsborough Recorder, dated July 28 , 1875 , that "Mr. A. C . Jordan has just about completed his
residence. " 6 The field recorder responsible for completing the "North Carolina Historic Structure Data
Sheet, " Jody Carter, estimated the construction date to be 1900, but no supporting materials documenting
this date accompany the survey, and in the survey ' s overall narrative summary the same author gives 1870
as the date of construction, 17 According to a family history, Dr. Jordan did not complete his medical
training at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, Maryland, until 1881 , and did not marry
until 1885 , 18 Further, the earliest recorded land deed in which Dr. Jordan was listed as grantee occurred in
1885 , when he purchased a 10 . 5 acre tract from his oldest brother, William Jordan. 19 Dr. Jordan completed
his land holdings in 1891 , when both of his parents died, and he bought out his brothers ' and sister' s shares
(some seventy-four acres of land) for S 1 , 150.20
As noted above, Dr. Jordan sold the property in 1905 , and three local churches used the house for
nearly a quarter-century as a manse. The tobacco barn appears to have been built in the period from 191 &
1 Richard L. Mattson, "History and Architecture of Orange County, North Carolina, " 49 .
16 Hillsborough Recorder_ July 28, 1875, vol. 55, 3 .
17 Jody Carter, "North Carolina Historic Structure Date Sheet, " "Dr. Arch Jordan House" file, North Carolina
Division of Archives and History, Department of Cultural Resources, Survey Site # OR 931 .
1a Perry, These Jordan Were Here, 200401 . - - — - - -- -
19 Deed Book 48 : 331 (February 14, 1885), Orange County, North Carolina.
Z0 Deed Book 53 : 15 (July 24, 1891 )
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United States Department of the Interior i 1
National Park Service
i
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number g Page
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
1930, most likely for the use of those actually farming on the agricultural acreage of the property. The barn,
while post-dating the house and tobacco barn, seems to have been built before 1930 as well .
It was sometime after the house was sold again, in 1929 , that further additions were made to the
property. The back porch was enclosed, connecting the kitchen to the main house , and an even later
addition added a bay area to the back of the kitchen and a rear shed to the space adjacent to the kitchen.
The property passed into the family of William McKee, a locally prominent farmer, and has stayed in the
family, serving primarily as farmland. The current owner is the granddaughter of William McKee.
Bibliog=hy:
Bishir, Catherine W. North Carolina Architecture. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press,
1990 .
Boyd, Sterling. "Introduction" in Marguerite Schumann, ed . , Grand Old Ladies : North Carolina
Architecture During the Victorian Era. Charlotte, NC : East Woods Press, 1984 .
Carter, Jody. "North Carolina Historic Structure Date Sheet, " "Dr. Arch Jordan House" file, North Carolina
Division of Archives and History, Department of Cultural Resources, Survey Site # OR 931 .
Carter, Jody, and Todd Peck. "Historic Resources of Orange County. " Unpublished manuscript.
Hillsborough, NC: Orange County Planning and Preservation Department, 1993 .
Ellis, A.A. , and T. C. Ellis . "History of Eno Presbyterian Church, Cedar Grove, North Carolina. "
Hillsborough, NC : Eno Presbyterian Church, 1980,
Jaeger, Dale, et al. Historic Preservation Element. Orange County Comprehensive Plan, Orange County.
North Carolina. Hillsborough, NC: Orange County Historic Preservation Commission and Orange County
Planning Department;_ 1995 .
Kenzer, Robert C. Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Commtmity: Orange County, North Carolina.
. Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press, 1987,
Lanier, Gabrielle M. and Bernard L. Herman. FEy=d V Architecture of the Mid_Atlant;c : Lool ;n, a
Buildings and Landsc=e . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. - - - - - - -- - -
OMB . oaortl No, rCs..r70ra
NPS Farm W9 9W0 a
`° " 0 r 2
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number .r Page ___S_-
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
Latta, Madelaine H. "History of Little River Presbyterian Church. " Hurdle Mills, NC : Orange Presbytery,
1942 .
Lefler, Hugh, and Paul Wagner. Orange County: 17524952 . Chapel Hill : The Orange Printshop, 1953 .
Mattson, Richard L. "History and Architecture of Orange County, North Carolina. " Unpublished
manuscript. Hillsborough, NC : Orange County Planning and Development Department, 1996 .
Orange County Record of Deeds. Hillsborough, NC.
Perry, Octavia Jordan. These Jordans Were Here. Provo, Utah: J . Grant Stevenson, 1969.
U. S . Census. 19004920 . Eopslation Schedules, North Carolina . Department of Commerce and Labor.
Bureau of the Census. Washington, D .C . : U . S . Government Printing Office .
Verbal Boundary Descries:
The boundary of the Dr. Arch Jordan House is shown as "Lot A" on the accompanying plat map entitled
"Final Plat of Survey for Margaret P. Dow & Elizabeth P . Davidson, " December 10, 1997 .
Bound Bound= Justification:
The boundary includes the acreage containing all the contributing buildings and farmland historically
associated with the property.
Unites States Department of the Interior Q 3
National Park Service
Natichal Register of Historic Places
Gantlnuation Sheet
Section number AddtionNEW a0age 9
Dr. Arch Jordan House
Orange County, North Carolina
Additional Documentation: Photographs
Photograph Number: Information:
1 - 5 Name of Photographer: Adriana M . Brodsky ( same for all photographs)
Date of photograph : 11 /97
Location of original negative: Elizabeth P . Davidson
7015 NC 57
Caldwell , NC 27572
(same for all photographs)
View : from north/northeast .
6 8 Date of photograph: 11 /97
View : from northwest
9 - 11 Date of photograph : 11 /97
View: from southwest
12 an 14 Date of photograph : 11 /97
View: from northeast
15 - 17 Date of photograph : 11 /97 _
View: from southwest
18 an 20 Date of photograph : 1 /98
View: from southwest
21 - 23 Date of photograph : 11 /97
View: interior, center hall stairway
24 .27 Date of photograph : 11/97
View: interior, upstairs center hall
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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
February 6 , 1998
Ms . Elizabeth P . Davidson '
7015 NC 57
Rougemont, NC 27572
RE : Dr. Arch Jordan House, Caldwell , Orange County
Dear Ms . Davidson :
We are pleased to report that the nomination of the above -referenced property to the
National Register of Historic Places has been scheduled for presentation to the North
Carolina National Register Advisory Committee at its meeting on April 91 1998 , in
Raleigh. The Committee will decide whether to authorize me as State Historic
Preservation Officer to sign the nomination and submit it to the U . S . Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, for final review and listing in the National Register,
The National Register is the nation's official list of historic buildings, districts,
archaeological sites, and other resources worthy of preservation. Enclosed is a set of
National Register Fact Sheets which includes a list of the criteria under which properties
are evaluated . More than 1900 North Carolina properties are now listed in the National
Register.
Listing in the National Register does not affect the rights of a private property owner to
dispose of listed property in any manner. The results of National Register listing are
enumerated on the enclosed National Register Fact Sheet 1 .
Owners of private property nominated to the National Register have an opportunity to
concur in or object to listing in accord with the National Historic Preservation Act and 36
CFR 60 . The procedure for objecting to the listing of your property is indicated National
Register Fact Sheet S. If you choose to object to the listing of your property, the objection
must be submitted to me at 109 East Jones Street. We would appreciate receiving your
comments by April 9 , 1998 , but statements of objection may be submitted and will be
counted up until the actual date of listing, which usually takes place at least 15 days but
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 -2807 33
' U 7b
February 6 , 1998
Page 2
not more thafn 45 days after the nomination is received by the Keeper of the National
Register fallowing the National Register Advisory Committee meeting.
A copy of the nomination and information on the National Register and Federal tax
ilable from the above address upon request,
benefits for historic properties are ava
Sincerely,
I
Jeffrey J . Crow
State Historic Preservation Officer
JJC/hlb
Enclosures
cc : The Honorable Moses Carey, Jr. , Chairman, Board of County Commissioners
ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT 07 7
306F REVERE ROAD
HILLSBOROUGH , NORTH CAROLINA 27278
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
February 17 , 1998
George T . Cole
1430 Smith Level Road-
Chapel Hill , NC 27516
Re : Proposal to Nominate the Smith - Cole House to the National Register of Historic Places and
Designate as an Orange County Historic Landmark
Dear Mr . Cole :
1 am pleased to inform you that the Orange County Historic Preservation Commission has placed your
property , The Smith-Cole House, on its priority list for possible nomination to the National Register of
Historic Places and designation as a Local Historic Landmark . National Register listing and local
landmark designation identify the property as being significant to the Nation and to the community in
terms of its architecture , history, or cultural importance .
For owners of historic properties , National Register listing is a prestigious honor , for a property that
is listed on the National Register of Historic Places has been deemed is to the Nation ' s
heritage . The designation of a property as a Local Historic Landmark is also a symbol of distinction in
the community . The status of Local Historic Landmark is bestowed upon the property through the
adoption of an ordinance by the Orange County Board of Commissioners . In addition , once the
property becomes designated the owner is eligible for a 50 % tax deferral on the historic property . A
property listed on the National Register is also eligible for the new State of North Carolina tax credit
program for rehabilitation of historic buildings .
I have enclosed additional information on National Register listing , Local Landmark Designation , and
Historic Preservation State Tax Credit program .
I look forward to discussing this proposal with you in greater detail . You may contact me at ( 919 )
967 - 9251 , extension 2594, or via the Internet at dbelk@co . orange . nc . us .
Sincerely ,
am lee 19 doe
Donald R . Belk , AICP
Preservation Planner
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enclosures
cc : Gene Bell , Acting Planning Director
,I
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ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
306F REVERE ROAD
HILLSBOROUGH , NORTH CAROLINA 27278
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
February` 17 , 1998
Emily R . B . Villanova
3519 Old Highway 10
Chapel Hill , NC 27514
Re : Proposal to Nominate the Beniamin Duke House to the National Register of Historic Places and
Designate as an Orange County Historic Landmark
Dear Ms . Villanova ;
I am pleased to inform you that the Orange County Historic Preservation Commission has placed your
property, The Benjamin Duke House , on its priority list for possible nomination to the National Register
of Historic Places and designation as a Local Historic Landmark . National Register listing and local
landmark designation identify the property as being significant to the Nation and to the community in
terms of its architecture , history, or cultural importance .
For owners of historic properties , National Register listing is a prestigious honor , for a property that
is listed on the National Register of Historic Places has been deemed important to the Nation ' s
heritage . The designation of a property as a Local Historic Landmark is also a symbol of distinction in
the community . The status of Local Historic Landmark is bestowed upon the property through the
adoption of an ordinance by the Orange County Board of Commissioners . In addition , once the
property becomes designated the owner is eligible for a 50 % tax deferral on the historic property . A
property listed on the National Register is also eligible for the new State of North Carolina tax credit
program for rehabilitation of historic buildings .
I have enclosed additional information on National Register listing , Local Landmark Designation , and
Historic Preservation State- Tax Credit program .
I look forward to discussing this proposal with you in greater detail . You may contact me at ( 919 )
967 - 9251 , extension 2594, or via the Internet at dbelk@co . orange . nc . us .
Sincerely,
Donald R . Belk , AICP°
Preservation Planner
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- - enclosures
cc : Gene Bell , Acting Planning Director
ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT 0 79
306F REVERE ROAD
J HILLSBOROUGH , NORTH CAROLINA 27278
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
February 17 , 1998
W . H . Pittard
1406 McDade Store Road-
Cedar Grove , NC 27231
Re : Proposal to Nominate the Pittard Place to the National Register of Historic Places and
Desiqnate as an Orange County Historic Landmark
Dear Mr . Pittard :
I am pleased to inform you that the Orange County Historic Preservation Commission has placed your
property , The Pittard Place , on its priority list for possible nomination to the National Register of
Historic Places and designation as a Local Historic Landmark . National Register listing and local
landmark designation identify the property as being significant to the Nation and to the community in
terms of its architecture , history , or cultural importance .
For owners of historic properties , National Register listing is a prestigious honor, for a property that
is listed on the • National Register of Historic Places has been deemed important to the Nation ' s
heritage . The designation of a property as a Local Historic Landmark is also a symbol of distinction in
the community . The status of Local Historic Landmark is bestowed upon the property through the
adoption of an ordinance by the Orange County Board of Commissioners . In addition , once the
property becomes designated the owner is eligible for a 50 % tax deferral on the historic property . A
property listed on the National Register is also eligible for the new State of North Carolina tax credit
program for rehabilitation of historic buildings .
1 have enclosed additional information on National Register listing , Local Landmark Designation , and
Historic Preservation State Tax Credit program .
1 look forward to discussing this proposal with you in greater detail . You may contact me at ( 919)
967- 925 t , extension 2594, or via the Internet at dbelk@co . orange . nc . us .
Sincerely ,
Donald R . Belk , AICP
Preservation Planner
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enclosures
cc : Gene Bell , Acting Planning Director
( O 's o
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY v
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
NATIONAL REGISTER FACT SHEET
WHAT IS THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ?
The National Register, of Historic Places is the nation ' s official list of buildings, structures, objects, sites, and
ificance in American history, architecture, archaeology, and
districts worthy of preservation for their sign
culture. The National Register was established by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 . The
purpose of the Act is to ensure that as a matter of public policy, properties significant in national, state, and
local history are considered in the planning of federal undertakings, and to encourage historic preservation
initiatives by state and local governments and the private sector.
What the National Register Means for the Private Property Owner
The listing of a property in the National Register places no obligation or restriction on a private owner using
private resources to maintain or alter the property. Over the years, various federal incentives have been
introduced to assist private preservation inatives. A private owner of a National Regi
iti ster property becomes
obligated to follow federal preservation standards only if federal funding of licensing is used in work on the
property, or if the owner seeks and receives a special benefit that derives from National Register designation,
such as a grant or a tax credit described below .
National Register listing should not be confused with local historic property and historic district designations.
These designations are made by a local governing board on the recommendation of a local historic
preservation commission. This program of local designations is an option available to local governments
under North Carolina enabling legislation (G. S. 160A400) . Properties and districts listed in the National
Register sometimes also receive local designation in jurisdictions where local preservation commissions have
been established according to the state enabling legislation, but there is no direct correlation between
National Register listing and local designation.
National Register listing means the following:
1 . Consideration and Protection in Public Planning :
All properties and districts listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register are considered in the
planning of federal undertakings such as highway construction and Community Development Block Grant
projects . "Federal undertakings" also include activities sponsored by state or local governments or private
entities if they are licensed or partially funded by the federal government. "Federal undertakings" do not
include loans made by banks insured by the FDIC or federal farm subsidies.
National Register listing does not provide absolute protection from federal actions that may affect the property .
is in conflict with the preservation of a National Register property, the
It means that if a federal undertaking
North Carolina Historic Preservation Office will negotiate with the responsible federal agency in an effort to
eliminate or minimizes the effect on the historic property . This review procedure applies to properties that are
determined eligible for the National Register in the day-to-day environmental review process as well as those
actually listed in the National Register.
Similarly, North Carolina law (G. S . 12142a) provides for consideration of National Register properties in
undertakings funded or licensed by the state. Where a state undertaking is in conflict with the preservation of
a National Register property, the North Carolina Historical Commission is given the opportunity to review the
case and make recommendations to the state agency responsible for the undertaking. The commission ' s
recommendations to the state agency are advisory.
(see other side)
National Register Fact Sheet 1 , Page 2
2 . Incentives for the Preservation of National Register Properties :
Tax Benefits . Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, a privately-owned building that is listed in the National Register
or is a contributing building in a National Register historic district may be eligible for a 20 % federal income
investment tax credit claimed against the costs of a qualified rehabilitation of the building. These credits apply only
to income-producing} __ depreciable properties, including residential rental properties. The credits do not apply to
owner-occupied residential properties. The cost of the rehabilitation must equal or exceed the adjusted basis of the
building (original cost minus land value, minus previous depreciation, plus previous capital improvements). Plans for
the rehabilitation are reviewed by the North Carolina Historic Preservation Office and the National Park Service, and
work on the building must meet federal rehabilitation standards. For more information and applications, contact the
Tax Act Coordinator at the address given below, or telephone (919) 733 -6547 .
Effective January 1 , 1994, taxpayers who receive the federal income tax credit for rehabilitating certified historic
structures are allowed to take as a credit against North Carolina income taxes an amount equal to one-fourth of the
federal credit.
The Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1980 provides federal tax deductions for charitable contributions of partial
interests (easements) in historically significant properties for conservation purposes. Interested individuals should
consult legal counsel or the local Internal Revenue Service office for assistance in determining the tax consequences
of the provisions of this act.
Grants and Loans. A limited program of matching grants for the rehabilitation of National Register properties,
including those that are privately owned, was authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, but has
not been funded to a significant degree since the early 1980s . A loan program authorized by the Act has never been
funded.
In 1993 and 1994, the North Carolina General Assembly passed bills which provided funding to the Department of
Cultural Resources for grants to local historic organizations for fiscal years 1993 =94 and 199445. The purpose of the
grants is to encourage the protection, preservation, and interpretation of historic assets with local or regional
significance. Priority consideration is given to properties listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register. The
deadline for grant applications for the second year of funding was October 15 , 1994 . Continuation of this program in
future years is dependent upon additional funding by the General Assembly.
NOTE : A privately owned property may not be listed in the National Register over the objection of its owner or, in the case of a
property with multiple owners, over the objection of a majority of owners. A district may not be listed in the National Register over the
objection of a majority of owners of private property within the proposed district. For a complete description of procedures for objecting
to a National Register nomination, see National Register Fact Sheet 5 : "Procedure for Supporting or Objecting to National Register
Listing. "
See also the following numbered National Register Fact Sheets:
2 : "National Register Criteria for Evaluation"
31 "How Historic Properties Are Listed in the National Register of Historic Places"
4 : "The National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina: Facts and Figures"
See the handout entida "A Comparison of the National Register of Historic Places with Local Historic Landmark and District
Designations" for a review of the differences between these two programs.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Historic structures and the National Register: Survey and Planning Branch, 919/733-6545 .
Archaeological sites and the National Register: Office of State Archaeology, 919/733 -7342.
Preservation tax credits and technical restoration assistance: Restoration Branch , 919/ 733 -6547.
Environmental protection and planning: Environmental Review Coordinator, Administration Branch , 919/733 =4763 .
Written inquiries to each of these branches may be sent to the State Historic Preservation Office, N. C. Division of Archives and History,
109 E. Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 =2807.
The National Register program is governed by the following federal and state rules and regulations: 36CFR Part .60 (interim rule),
36CFR Part 61 (final rule), and North Carolina Administrative Code T07 : 04R . 0300.
r OJJ
Orange County Historic Preservation Commission
Questions & Answers
about
Historic Landmark Designation In Orange County
What is historic landmark designation ? Historic landmark designation is the selection of
certain historic properties that meet specific criteria of age, architecture, and historical or cultural
significance, as determined by the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) . Landmarks are
designated individually or in groupings (historic district designation) . Designation occurs by
adoption of an ordinance by the Board of County Commissioners .
My property is already listed on the National Register of Historic Places. What is the
difference ? Local landmark designation should not be confused with listing on the National
Register of Historic Places, which is a federal program administered by the State of NC .
Although some properties may carry both types of designation, the National Register and local
landmark designation are totally separate programs with different requirements and benefits .
Why does Orange County designate historic landmarks ? Historic landmark designation is the
most important component of a local government ' s historic preservation program. Landmark
designation provides regulatory protection of those sites deemed important to a community ' s
heritage and history .
My property has been identified by the HPC as eligible for landmark designation. Am I
required to participate ? No. Orange County ' s landmark designation program is voluntary.
ill be invited by the HPC to submit their property for landmark
Owners of eligible properties w
designation. They may decline participation in this program if they wish.
What are the requirements of landmark property owners ? Owners who wish to make certain
changes to designated landmark properties must have their plans reviewed and approved by the
Historic Preservation Commission. HPC approval , in the form of a Certificate of
Appropriateness, must be obtained before a building permit can be issued .
Why do I need approval from the HPC to make changes to my landmark property ? HPC
review is intended to ensure that changes to the landmark are in keeping with the historic and/or
architectural integrity of the structure. The review authority covers the exterior of the historic
structure(s), and extends to the boundaries of the designated site, including the grounds . HPC
approval is not required for routine maintenance or repairs that do not involve a change in
design, material , or appearance. Furthermore, HPC approval is not required for changes to the
interior of buildings or for changes in use .
Do I need permission to paint my historic building ? No . The HPC does not review changes in
paint color.
(over)
0S4
How does the HPC determine if my proposed change is appropriate ? The Commission will
refer to The Secretary of the Interior 's Standards for Rehabilitation when reviewing proposals
for changes to landmarks. The Secretary of the Interior 's Standards will serve as the HPC ' s
guidelines until the Commission completes work on its own design guidelines . The forthcoming
Orange County Design Guidelines will be modeled after the Secretary of the Interior 's
Standards, but will be specific to the County ' s architecture variety and historic landscapes .
How long does the approval process take ? Once a completed application for a certificate of
appropriateness is submitted to the Planning and Inspections Department, the department has 30
days to review the application and forward it to the HPC . The Commission will consider the
application at their first meeting following the 30-day review period. The HPC then has 45 days
to act upon the application. If the HPC fails to take action on the proposal within the 45 -day
period, it shall be deemed approved. In most cases , the HPC will act on the application at the
first monthly meeting following staff review; however, the 45 -day period allows the Commission
to extend deliberations until the following meeting , if necessary . The review period will be
expedited to the greatest extent possible for work required as a result of storm damage or other
unexpected calamity .
What are the benefits for owners of historic landmarks ? Landmark designation is an honor of
distinction for the property owner, who can take pride in knowing that his or ' her property is
important to the history and cultural heritage of Orange County. Owners of designated
landmarks are also eligible to apply for an annual 50% property tax deferral for as long as their
property ' s historical significance is maintained. (This deferral applies only to the real property.)
Landmark owners will also be provided a bronze marker, pending available funds . The marker
may be placed on the property at the owner ' s consent; otherwise, it may be placed on a nearby
public right-of--way .
What happens if the HPC denies my request to make a change to my property ? A property
owner whose application for a COA is denied by the Historic Preservation Commission may
appeal to the Board of Adjustment.
What if I choose to move or demolish my property ? The HPC cannot deny a certificate of
appropriateness for demolition or relocation of a landmarks however, it may delay the action for
up to one year. The Commission will use this time to seek an alternative to demolition or
relocation. This may include finding an interested buyer to maintain the structure or adapt it to
another uses or, as a last resort, to relocate the structure .
For nare information, please contact:
Orange County Historic Preservation Commission
Post Office Box 8181
Hillsborough, NC 27278
Hillsborough • 7324181 Chapel Hill • 967=9251 Durham • 68& 7331 Mebane • 2274031
ext 2594
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY O S 5
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
A COMPARISON OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES WITH LOCAL
HISTORIC LANDMARK DESIGNATIONS
The National Register of- Historic Places and local historic landmark and historic district designations are two very
different programs that recognize and protect historic properties . Some historic properties and districts may receive both
types of designation in communities where local historic preservation commissions have been established according to
North Carolina enabling legislation. However, there is no direct correlation between National Register listing and local
designation.
THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
The National Register of Historic Places is a federal program administered by the National Park Service in partnership
with state governments . The National Register was created by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 to
recognize and protect properties of historic and cultural significance that warrant consideration in federal undertakings
such as highway construction and urban renewal projects, and to provide incentives for local and private preservation
initiatives .
In each state the program is administered by a State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), who is usually an official in a
state historical or environmental agency. In North Carolina, the State Historic Preservation Officer is the Director of the
Division of Archives and History. The SHPO is responsible for conducting the statewide survey of historic properties,
coordinating nominations of eligible properties to the National Register, and conducting environmental review of federal
and state projects that may affect properties listing or eligible for listing in the National Register. Nominations of
properties to the National Register are prepared and reviewed at the local and state levels, but the final decision to list a
property or district in the National Register is made by the National Park Service .
rily an honor, meaning that a property has been researched and evaluated according to
National Register listing is prima
established procedures and determined to be worthy of preservation for its historical value. The listing of a historic or
archeological property in the National Register does not obligate or restrict a private owner in any way unless the owner
seeks a federal benefit such a grant or tax credit. For a private owner, the chief practical benefit of National Register
listing is eligibility for a 30% state investment tax credit that can be claimed against the cost of a certified rehabilitation
of a non-income-producing historic building. This would include an owner-occupied, private residence. Owners of
income producing historic buildings listed on the National Register are eligible for a 20% federal investment tax credit in
addition to a 20% state investment tax credit for certified rehabilitations .
LOCAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSIONS AND LOCAL HISTORIC
LANDMARKS
The Preservation Commission. Local governments may establish a historic preservation commission
under North Carolina General Statute 160A=400. A preservation commission may carry out a comprehensive
preservation program, including recommending individual properties and areas for designation by local governing
boards as landmarks and historic districts. While a preservation commission works with both districts and landmarks ,
there are also commissions that work solely with districts (called historic district commissions) and those that work
solely with individual properties (called historic landmarks commissions or historic properties commissions) .
A local government is not obligated to create a preservation commission, regardless of how many National Register
properties and/or districts there might be in the community. Preservation commissions are generally established only
where there is sufficient local interest in historic preservation and the local planning environment is responsive to this
interest. A preservation commission is established by an ordinance passed by the local governing board . The
organization, operations, and powers of the preservation commission are prescribed by the state enabling legislation.
The commission makes recommendations to the local governing board that certain historic landmarks or districts be
designated, and such designations are made by local ordinance .
(See other side)
Page22 056
A community may designate local districts and landmarks that are not listed in the National Register. Since the state
enabling legislation requires that a designation report be prepared before a local landmark or local district is designated,
some local preservation commissions use a National Register nomination as the basis for the local designation report.
(For this reason the two types of designations are sometimes confused.) However, National Register listing does not
mean that local designation will necessarily follow.
Local Landmarks. Landmark designations apply to individual buildings, structures, sites, areas, or objects that are
studied by the commission and judged to have historical, architectural, archeological, or cultural value. Designation is
an honor, meaning the community believes the property deserves recognition and protection. The local government
designates landmarks through passage of an ordinance. Owners of landmarks are eligible to apply for annual 50%
property tax deferral as long as the property ' s important historic features are maintained. Recapture penalties may apply
if the owner destroys the property or damages its historic value.
Local Districts. Historic district designation is a type of zoning that applies to entire neighborhoods or other areas that
include many historic properties. The zoning provides controls on the appearance of existing or proposed buildings .
Designation is an honor, meaning the community believes the architecture, history, and character of the area are worthy
of recognition and protection. Historic district zoning can help to improve property values by stabilizing and enhancing
the neighborhood ' s character, and it benefits property owners by protecting them from inappropriate changes by other
owners that might destroy the special qualities of the neighborhood. Unlike landmark designations, local historic district
designation has no effect on local property taxes for property owners within the designated district.
Certificates of Appropriateness. Owners of local landmarks and of property in local historic districts are required to
obtain a certificate of appropriateness from their preservation commission before making significant changes or
additions to a property, before beginning new construction, or before demolishing or relocating a property . The
commission' s review of proposed changes ensures that work on properties in districts or on a designated landmark is
appropriate to the special character of the district or landmark. A certificate of appropriateness for demolition cannot be
denied unless the property is deemed to be of statewide significance by the State Historic Preservation Officer. In all
other cases, the commission may delay demolition or relocation for up to 365 days to explore alternatives to demolition
or relocation.
Tax Credits and Local Designations. Locally designated landmarks and contributing properties located within local
historic districts that are also listed in the National Register of Historic Places are eligible for the federal or state historic
preservation tax credits previously discussed. An owner of a property that is both locally designated and listed in the
National Register who is seeking investment tax credits for rehabilitation must acquire a local certificate of
appropriateness and tax certification through separate applications . Approval for one does not imply or guarantee
approval for the other, though in most cases local design review guidelines and federal rehabilitation standards are in
concurrence and are mutually reinforcing.
FOR MORE INFORMATION about National Register and Local Historic Landmarks and Districts, contact:
Melinda Coleman, Preservation Services Coordinator
Survey and Planning Branch, State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives and History
109 East Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601 -2807 Telephone (919) 733 =6545 Fax (919) 715 -4801
FOR MORE INFORMATION about the federal and state historic preservation tax credit programs, contact:
Tim E. Simmons, AIA, Preservation Tax Credit Coordinator
Restoration Branch, NC State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives and History
109 E. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601 -2807 Telephone 919433 -6547 Fax 919=7154801
OS7
State Historic Preservation Office
Division Of Archives And History
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
New Historic Preservation State Tax Credits
Become Effective January 1 , 1998
The North Carolina General Assembly has ratified and Governor James B . Hunt Jr. has signed into law new state tax
credits that make rehabilitations of historic buildings in North Carolina more attractive than ever before. The law
provides .
• An increase from 5 % to 20% in the existing state tax credit for rehabilitations of income-producing historic
properties that also qualify for the 20% federal investment tax credit. In effect, the combined federal-state credits
reduce the cost of a certified rehabilitation of an income-producing historic structure by 40%.
• A new state tax credit of 30% for qualifying rehabilitations of nonincome-producing to structures, including
owner-occupied personal residences. There is no equivalent federal credit for such rehabilitations.
Some key points and cautionary reminders about the credits,
• The new credits will apply only to qualified expenditures made on or after January 1 , 1998 .
• Only certified historic structures will qualify for the credits . A " certified historic structure" is defined as a building
that is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, either individually or as a contributing building in a
National Register historic district, or as a contributing building within a local historic district that has been certified
by the Department of the Interior. (There are only three of the latter in North Carolina. These are the Blount Street
Historic District in Raleigh, the Goldsboro Historic District, and the Decatur-Hunter Historic District in Madison).
• A nonincome-producing building must be a "certified historic structure " at the time the state credit is taken on that is ,
it must be actually listed in the National Register or it will not qualify for the state credit. The property owner must
begin taking the credit in the year the rehabilitation project is completed . The federal tax credit for income-
producing buildings for "preliminary certification" that enables an owner to take the credit for a qualifying
rehabilitation even before the structure is actually listed in the National Register of Historic Places. There are no
provisions for preliminary certification in the state law for nonincome- producing historic structures .
• An owner may begin a rehabilitation project on a nonincome-producing property following approval of
rehabilitation plans by the State Historic Preservation Office but prior to the listing of the property in the National
Register, with the intention of having it listed in the Register by the time the project is completed. However,
because listing of a property by the desired deadline cannot be guaranteed, owners are strongly urged to secure
National Register listing of their nonincome-producing property prior to beginning a certified rehabilitation.
A property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places by a nomination, which is a research report
prepared according to detailed state and federal guidelines . The final authority on National Register listing is the
federal Keeper of the National Register in Washington, DC . In its role as administrator of the National Register
program in North Carolina, the NC State Historic Preservation Office is charged with ensuring that nominations
forwarded by the State Historic Preservation Officer to the Keeper are complete and correct. The State Historic
Preservation Office provides direction to preparers but does not write nominations. Most nominations are prepared
by private consultants hired by property owners, local governments, or private non-profit organizations . The
nomination process may take six months to two years or longer.
(over)
New Historic Preservation State Tax Credits Page 2
• The rehabilitation of the historic structure must be substantial . For income- producing properties, the rehabilitation
expenses must exceed the greater of the " adjusted basis" of the building or $ 5 , 000 within a 24-month period or a 60
month period for phased projects . For nonincome-producing properties, the rehabilitation expenses must exceed
$25 ,000 within a 24 month period.
• All rehabilitation work must meet the Secretary of the Interior' s Standards for Rehabilitation. Applications for
income-producing structures are subject to a joint review by the State Historic Preservation Office and the National
Park Service, with final authority resting with the National Park Service . Rehabilitation work on nonincome-
producing historic structures is reviewed solely by the State Historic Preservation Office and must be approved
prior to the commencement of work Rules for the review procedures will be promulgated by the North Carolina
Historical Commission.
• The credits cannot be claimed against the cost of acquisition, new additions, site work, or personal property . Only
costs incurred in the work upon or within a historic structure will qualify . Interior work such as HVAC work and
kitchen and bathroom remodeling will qualify if the work meets the Secretary of the Interior' s Standards for
Rehabilitation.
• Rehabilitation work on nonincome producing historic structures must be approved by the State Historic
Preservation Office prior to the commencement of the workIl Property owners of income-producing historic
structures are strongly advised to consult with the State Historic Preservation Office before beginning a
rehabilitation to resolve potential design and rehabilitation problems that could result in denial of the credits .
This information describes the federal and state historic preservation tax credit programs in very general terms only.
Taxpayers should consult a professional tax advisor, the North Carolina Department of Revenue, or the Internal Revenue
Service for help in determining the tax and other financial implications of any matter discussed here. For further
information regarding the regulations governing the procedures for obtaining historic preservation certifications, contact :
Tim E . Simmons, AIA, Preservation Tax Credit Coordinator
Restoration Branch, NC State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives and History
109 E . Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601 -2807 Telephone 919433 =6547 Fax 9194154801
For information about the National Register of Historic Places and the requirements and procedures for listing, contact :
Linda Edmisten, National Register Coordinator
Survey and Planning Branch, NC State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives and History
109 E . Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601 -2807 Telephone 919433 -6545 Fax 9194154801
Fasof
formation about the National Register of Historic Places,
g a complete list of National Register listings in North Carolina
y 1 , 1997, may be found on the State Historic Preservation Office
World Wide Web site at http:\\www.hpo.dcr.state.nc.us
September 1997
ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Osy
306F REVERE ROAD
ii HILLSBOROUGH , NORTH CAROLINA 27278
r
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
February 10 , 1998
Ms . Margaret Brown
Chair, Orange County Board of Commissioners
Post Office Box 8181
Hillsborough , North Carolina 27278
Re : Historic Preservation Program : Goals for 1998 - 99 Fiscal Year
Dear Ms . Brown :
On behalf of the Orange County Historic Preservation Commission , I want to thank the Board of
County Commissioners for its continuing support of the historic preservation program . The Historic
Preservation Commission has made meaningful progress in developing a comprehensive preservation
program to protect the County ' s unique historical and * architectural resources .
By the conclusion of FY 1997- 98 , the HPC will have accomplished the following objectives :
• Listing of the Cedar Grove Rural Crossroads Historic District on the National Register of Historic
Places.
• Development of a Historic Landmarks Designation Program for Orange County and designation of
the first Orange County Historic Landmarks.
• Commence Landmark Designations and National Register Nominations on the highest priority sites
in Orange County.
The establishment of a landmark designation program marked the ' coming of age ' of the County ' s
historic preservation policy . Local landmark designation will provide the most comprehensive means
of protecting historical resources from degradation and destruction stronger than listing in the
National Register of Historic Places and more widespread than private preservation efforts .
Preservation in Orange County will be greatly enhanced by a strong HPC that can fully implement its
designation and design review authority as allowed by local ordinance and state statute . --
During the 1998. 99 fiscal year, the Historic Preservation Commission will continue recommending _
historic sites for local landmark designation . Furthermore , we will encourage owners of the 39
National Register Study List properties in Orange County to pursue nomination to- the National
Register, The HPC will continue to establish priorities of the County' s best National Registereligible
sites and seek their participation in the landmarks designation program . To help ensure the program 's --
success, the HPC requests that the County continue its allocation of $ 10, 000 for a Historic
Preservation Program Fund during FY1998-99 . The fund would provide grants for willing owners of
w
090
Hist? ric Preservation Program : Goals for 1998 - 99 Fiscal Year
Page Two
February 10 , 1998
top- priority properties to pursue listing on the National Register of Historic Places and local landmark
} designation .
We also seek your support on the following additional goals for FY1998 - 99 :
• Develop a National Register nomination for the St . Mary ' s Road /Indian Trading Path Heritage
Corridor . The HPC is grateful for your approval of a Certified Local Government grant application
on January 20, and we await acceptance of our proposal from the State Historic Preservation
Office . Should we be awarded the grant, we ask your commitment of $ 8 , 000 in matching funds
to initiate the project .
• Publish the manuscript of History and Architecture of Orange County. We request an allocation
of $ 5 , 000 , to be combined with a $ 5 , 000 loan from the NC Department of Cultural Resources
and private donations , to publish 1 , 500 copies of the manuscript . The County ' s allocation and
the loan could be repaid from manuscript sales , and additional proceeds could be re- invested into
the Historic Preservation Program .
The Historic Preservation Commission appreciates the opportunity to present these goals at your work
session on February 10, and we look forward to further discussion of the strategic priorities for the
coming fiscal year .
Sincerely,
Tom Allison
Chairperson
/db
CC ** John M . Link , County Manager -
Gene Bell , Acting Planning Director
Donald R . Belk , Planner II/Preservation
Emily Cameron , Planner II/Landscape Architect
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PRELIMINARY AGENDA
All sessions will be held at Christ Church .
Friday, April 17
1 : 30 Sign In , Get Acquainted
2 : 00 Welcome
2 : 15 Keynote Address — Building Community : Commissions and Local Government
Frank B . Gilbert, National Trust for Historic Preservation
3 * 00 Break
3 : 20 A Strong Legal Leg to Stand On : Federal and State Sources of Commission Authority
Frank B . Gilbert, National Trust for Historic Preservation
Patsy Brinson Meldrum, Assistant City Attorney, Asheville
4020 Break
4 : 30 Dodging the Wrecking Ball : Three Case Studies
5030 End of Friday Sessions
6 : 00 Barbecue Dinner at Mordecai Historic Park
Saturday, April 18
8 : 30 Sign In , Continental Breakfast
9 : 00 Opening
9 * 15 Building Character: HP in NC
Philip Morris , Editor- at-Large , Southern Living
10 : 00 Climbing Out of the Money Pit: New Tax Credits for Homeowners
Claudia R. Brown, Supervisor, Survey and Planning Branch, HPO
Tim E . Simmons , AIA , Preservation Architect/Tax Credit Coordinator,
Restoration Branch, HPO
10 : 30 Break
10 : 50 COA Decisions in the Real World : When does it matter?
David Maurer, AIA , Chairman, Raleigh Historic Districts Commission
Tom Butler, Latane Designs
11 : 35 Commission Cyberplace
Dan Becker, Executive Director, Raleigh Historic Districts Commission
12 : 15 Working Lunch
State Historic Preservation Office Update
Preservation North Carolina Update
1 : 15 Break
1 . 30 Roundtable Discussions
3 930 Conference Ends
3 : 30 Historic Districts Tour on the Raleigh Trolley — A one-hour guided tour of local historic
districts and landmarks in and around downtown Raleigh. Reservation required — see
Registration Form -
4 : 45 Adaptive Use Pub Crawl on the Raleigh Trolley — A one and one-half hour tour of
downtown area restaurants and night spots housed in adaptively used historic structures .
Reservation required — see Registration Form
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RETURN SERVICE
.Y,
REQUESTED C-7 C H METER 2554'40 �►�
Mr.Donald Belk,Preservation Planner
Orange County Historic Preservation Commission
P.O.Box 8181
Hillsborough,NC 27278
- - Join Us In Raleigh!
Please duplicate this brochure and distribute to your commission members.
095
Historic Preservation Commission
Report to the Planning Board
February 4 , 1998
The Historic Preservation Commission met on January 28 . The Commission selected its
top priorities for Local Historic Landmark Designation. The properties are : Benjamin
Cole House, Chapel Hill Township ; and the Pittard
Duke House, Eno Township ; Smith-
Place, Cedar Grove Township .
Staff reported that the Board of Commissioners approved a grant application to the State
Historic Preservation Office for $ 18 , 000 to conduct a National Register study for the St .
rridor. Notification of grant awards can be
Mary ' s Road/Trading Path Historic Co
expected by early April .
Staff reported that an important historic site in Cedar Grove - the White Oak School - has
come to the attention of local preservationists . White Oak School was built ca. 1927 by
George Corbett, and for nearly three decades served as a school and an important focal
point for the African-American community in Cedar Grove . The Northern Orange
ill discuss this site at their February meeting . The
County Black History Committee w
White Oak School is probably eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.
The HPC heard a report on a National Register nomination underway by a private
consultant on the Arch Jordan Hou
se.
i
At their February 25 meeting, the Commission will consider Landmark Designation
Reports on four (4) Orange County properties that are already listed on the National
Register: The Chatwood Estate, Bingham School , Moorefields , and Rigsbees Rock
House. The Commission will vote to accept these reports, which would be forwarded to
the State Historic Preservation Office for review and comment. If favorable, these four
sites will be recommended for Local Historic Landmark status and presented at the May
Public Hearing. These properties would be the first officially-designated Orange County
Historic Landmarks.
The HPC will present its annual Goals at the BOCC Work Session on February 10 . The
HPC will request: continuation of $ 10 ,000 appropriation for local landmark studies ;
$ 5 , 000 to assist in publication of historical architecture manuscript; and $ 8 , 000 in
matching funds for the St. Mary ' s Road/Trading Path Historic Corridor National Register
nomination.
submitted by Don Belk
U :� +� . .
ENT OF T
097
United States Department of the Interior
6 mom
_ em NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Aft
- �
MARCH P. O . BOX 37127
IN REPLY REFER TO: Washington , D . C . 20013 - 7127
H30 (2255 ) - -�
Dear Friends :
I am pleased to send you the National Park Service (NPS) Cultural Resources Strategic Plan .
This plan describes the major purposes of the NPS cultural resources programs, the environment
in which they operate, and the benefits of the programs on national parks and communities
nationwide. The plan also outlines the programs' major goals as well as long-term goals that help
meet the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act ( GPRA) . We appreciate
the work of the NPS Cultural Resources Strategic Planning Group , which included NPS staff
members and representatives of several partnership organizations and agencies, in the
development of this plan .
We regard this plan as a dynamic one--one that should address the evolving needs of America' s
cultural heritage. We welcome your views on this plan . If you have any comments, please send
them to Toni Lee, Heritage Preservation Services, National Park Service, 1849 C Street , N . W . ,
Mail Stop 2255 , Washington, DC 20240, a-mail : Toni_Lee@nps . gov .
Thank you for your interest in the NPS cultural resources programs .
Sincerely,
�. � ti i
Katherine H. Stevenson
Associate Director, Cultural Resource
Stewardship and Partnerships
Enclosure
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The Mission of the Department of the Interior
The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation's natural and
cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to tribes.
The Mission of the National Park Service G
The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National
Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration, of this and future generations. The Service
cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resources conservation and outdoor
recreation throughout this country and the world.
— National Leadership Council
Cover: The Harry S Truman National Historic Site, Independence, Missouri, is a unit of f the National Park
System and is located urithin the Harry S Truman Historic District, a National Historic Landmark designated
by the Secretary of the Interior, and the locally-designated Truman Heritage District. These designations are
important in the preservation of the President's community. (NPS)
i
"` °r� U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
AgCH %!
1997
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:� }t, K .µ '1! ,ry4 n} "'�"4Y+V't�r•1r, '�Y�� '�Tdy ,�., i OV �:t%�. n -(• -•wN�r •-rf_. � �� ,
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, Ns ,a+, X7 •
k ..q
n order to celebrate the
richness and diversity
of American traditions
and accomplishments yr.,
and enhance the uali- c
ty of the built environ-
ment the National Park Service
(NPS) through direct steward- 14
ship of parkresources anda
nationwide et or ofpartner-
ships network k
in archeology and historic +
gY
preservation is dedicated to `
the understanding, preservation,
and expanded appreciation of our _ • ,�
national heritage.';
Although much has been done to
identify, recognize, and preserve
our national heritage, substantial
portions of our patrimony are as . ...__�.
yet unrecognized, poorly under-
stood, and lost or degraded.
The following strategic plan is _ 9
a direct response to these condi- ,, _�. Jy.,=
tions• It outlines the cultural
resource responsibilities of the
National Park Service and
. � , ,
indicates measures for the effee- t
tiveness of this program. More ` y.
specifically, the plan calls for
increased investment in inven-
tory, research, and monitoring
more effective stewardship and
y
enhanced technical and financial _
assistance; broader use of her-
itage education; and strengthened M�
professional and organizational
capacity in the preservation com-
munity. San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge set within the Golden Gate National
( Recreation Area and small towns like Cobleskill, New York, represent some
i of the richness and diversity of American traditions and accomplishments.
(NPS and-Library of Cong)-ess, Prints and Photographs Division, U.S. News
& IVorld Report Magazine Collection, LC-U9-30847).
1
or many Americans, NPS since its establishment in lished NI'S cultural re,,mircos
tura the National Park 1916. The National Park Service prog-raills that today pro%-ide tools
il
Service means scenic Organic Act states the bureau's to state, local, and tril),11gON-el-11-
-s and natural -pose: to "conserve the -al pri\,atv wonders purpose: nients; federal igencies,
-Resources treasures like scenery and the natural and his orgallizations; aIld illdividuahs to athe Grand Canyon, toric objects and the wild life (ill protect the nation's hel-it,age. The
andthe the Great Smoky Mountains, the parks] . . . by such means as laws also strengqhened the
and Yellowstone. Interwoven will leave them unimpaired for preservation nIand';tte, for park
into the fabric of each of the the enjoyment of future genera- managers.
Mission 375 parks of the National Park tions." This law reflected public
System, however, there is also support for resource protection Today, we often refer to this inis-
oa significant dimension that often with community involvement, as sion objective as the stewardship
f the e,� goes unrecognized by visitors: reinforced later by the National of cultural resources. Cultural
N *
the richness and complexity of Environmental Policy Act. resources encompass the entire
the human story of our nation. National historic preservation range of what makes us hinnaii,atzonal The NPS stewardship of the statutes —including the National including historic buildings, (.11gi-
parks is complemented by its Historic Preservation Act and neeringrstructures. battlefields,
-s -esponsibilities in the Archaeological Resources 'i. '111d
.1V711 leaders hi I 111LISeUill 01�j(_Thl,, deS t�110(1
av,jr,k. rr-,
larger national historic preserva- Protection Act — developed from rural landscapes, residential anti
tion movement—maintaining the public will. The laws estab- commercial districts, oral 11d
elmtce and
National Register of Historic
Places and providing tools to help
other., care for the tangible evi-
trance of human actions and aspi-
itions. The human story spans
at least 12,000 years and includes
the living traditions of today's
Native Americans and peoples
whose roots lie in Africa, Oceania,
Europe, and Asia. The story
is there to be told on Brooklyn
A beaches, in presidential houses,
on enormous stretches of arctic
tundra, at pueblo ruins and
4 W1
earthen mounds, on battlefields,
in the na
tion's industrial centers,
III historic towns and communities
w -e -k and here we live and wot-
in inuseunis and laboratories
throughout the nation.
The NPS adniMisters many seenic icowlers and notio -al mi(I (.111hov/
Protecting the nation's Cultural -easi( -e v Alatiomil illepnor*al in Swith Dukoht.
P1 h s, such (is Alomit Ruslmioi I
past has been in integral part of (NPS)
-C�J
written histories, hlllidings,
archc<ological sites, and the NN-ay'sIlk
,4
of life of'I)resent people. Proper
Stewardship of`these resollrees
includes the entire range of mall-
agelllent activities through which � � � '� 4• :<'}
the humanstUl•)� of the parks and M�.
other er cultural resources can be
learned. Stewardship includes +;�;�; � i � � ��• - r
t11e maintenance and preserva_
tion of,btlil(hlll;'s, structures, Site,,
,.
districts, and objects; tile" protec-
tion of*1vsollrees from threats fi.�'_:j^ :;'j fy r '•N ?;;'' "�' ' <„
by llattll•al elvillellts and 1111111all r amob
action; research designer l to
1111COVer Mid illuminate the nature
and Significance of Such The listing of•the Opa-Loeka Administratimi Building in Opa-Locka,
1•c�solll•ec�s; collaborative research Florida, in the National Register of Historic Places represented an
wit.11 Coll ill ulllitics; and Colllllllllli- important step in the preservation and utter pretation of this Onpodant
cation of,the results of Such Moorish-inspired town. (Antoinette J. Lee, NPS) .
re-warell to the public ill the form
of educatioll and interpretive
actiVitic's 1111(1 I)rof;•rallls.
Cultural resom-res Mat"
rrtrumpass the erttirtr )unye
/'tthat makes us ltttrrtun
including cultural �'�.:;
traditionsoj'present people.
mug
i,y%,".F• Y"•' i. Y'
} ;,'e;� f _ '1 f.i Y ,;�,o.L -•�:�••.��t�; ,3i,%, �%t'i: �j;4�,r�3� ' �.
��. �?,w�4�v �ry a'I ��"po,.•-v��i;,;!:S''•.YS%P3r., Y
uch has been
done to identify
ks; kti.:F3,.> ,.: . zY and preserve
r ; our nation's
. , ie
� cultural heritage O
�..;s ; ;; • and to build a
tion s network in which preservation is
part of planning for the economic
and social health of our communi-
izj tuna ties. At the same time, substantial
aspects of our history and heritage
' are not adequately recognized or
HeTit e
a ,X appreciated. Every day, parts of •
that heritage are lost or degraded
because of neglect, inadequate
planning for growth and develop-
wur e;:i?P14A
= `A '" ment, lack of technical skills or
knowledge, and challenges to the '
j organizational infrastructure that
supports preservation activities.
at
d.
In the National Park System,
budget pressures and increased
41
demands from the visiting public
challenge NPS to seek partner '0 Avow
-
C h4 ships with outside sources of sup- `
port. Overcrowding, a large backout
-
t log of deferred maintenance, and
V0 A do Dili
overload on park facilities furtherHBO
erode the ability of NPS to pre-
. serve park resources and serve h
4 ;ya i the public. oil—
Major portions of central cities con-
tinue to empty out, leaving behind
a powerful legacy of potentially �� a
usable historic buildings and public ! 'FEE _
facilities. The edges of urban areas
continue to unravel in sprawl and The demolition of important landmarks such as the great Peunsglva?i is
s: s mushrooming subdivisions strip
n�,. g p Station in New York City in 1963 contributed to the the Natlowd
;',hx:'r:. ...r, ;, „�v,,.: ' i� �� ewe#.�F,'•, r 7i .� passage g of
Historic Preservation Act in 1966 and the development o historic ►ese►•va-
., ,�,� . ,;>�,fi � �,� ; : ,, .�•�� malls, parking lots, and office
arks causing our rural heritage to f p'
p g g tion programs in states, local goventments, tribal gove►7ame►ats,fede►al
become consigned to the naming of agencies, and rya the private sector. (NABS collection, Library of Co)agress)
� + yyf�•. • 4
r.t, n� •�.,,i ,�1 ' ,'�''3•'!�!k!!SiL' it`.-H yj,•-'JPL'.LI'frRT '}•^
subdivision streets. Older subur-
ban areas are experiencing decay
and disuse formerly confined to # !
the central city. Our understand-
ing and appreciation of our com-
mon histories remain an elusive
goal.
.•vu';yloAlive,.
i
Increases in population and other
demographic changes, along with
changes in global markets and job
prospects, leave many Americans i.,.
feeling that they must choose " ' A,I
between livable, healthy commu- t��
J.
nities and economic survival. In
increasing numbers, the public <;
relies on historic places— both ,: `
in parks and in communities—
for a renewed sense of connection
to their natural and cultural her- The roots of the historic preservation movement in the United States can be
itage. In turn, stewards of the traced to urban renewal projects of the 1950s. (Library of Congress, Prints
parks and other historic places and Photographs Division, U.S. News R World Report Magazine Collection,
struggle to meet the needs of LC-U9-3941)
ever-growing numbers of visitors A
within the finite governmental The edges of urban areas coutiuue to ►cu►avel ii slwa►vl and ►nushrooming `- �wo
budget tha
t must meet many subdivisions. (Library of Coug►•ess, Prints aid Photog►•aphs Division, U.S. �:�y;rY ,ram.
public policy needs. With mini- Neivs d; World Repo►•t MagazMe Collection, LC-U9-)761) a;
mal funding, NPS and its part-
ners -
i _
ners must stretch ever more '� • J `
tautly the historic preservation
"safety net" to support cultural
resources. _. . . __........ .
A y �
r
We can and must do more to inte-
grate preservation vation within rational
planning processes and to expand
public knowledge and apprecia-
tion of cultural resources. We
must support local interests in
maintaining or revitalizing com-
munity culture.
t
i
he nation's protection, and treatment backlog Funding for NPS has not kept
F !r cultural heritage of$190 million. At the current pace with the rising number of
2n ,
rate of expenditure, it is estimat- resources
is at risk. deteriorated cultural resoui
h;4. ;,:.• F:'
a
O�, ed that hundreds of park struc- both within and outside the The following tures and landscapes will disap- National Park System. The main-
U, realities urgently pear altogether, lost forever to tenance and inventory backlogs
"
-uc-
require increased investment: future generations. In our com- are daunting for historic sti
on, archeo-
munities, historic properties are tures cultural landscapes,
Decision-making is based on lost on a daily basis because of logical sites, museum collections,
incomplete and inaccurate inadequate information and insuf- and places traditionally associated
information because only a ficient protection and incentives with local groups. The public's
fraction of the nation's cultural for preservation. interest in protecting historic
resources has been identified properties in communities also is
and inventoried. Widespread ignorance about increasing, while* the support for
our cultural heritage leads to the organizational itift-astructure
Only a small portion of the cultur- an intellectually impoverished both within and outside NPS—
al resources in the National Park nation. federal agencies; governments at
• System—including cultural land- the state, tribal, and local levels;
scapes, buildings, archeological Knowledge of American history and the private sector—that sus-
ITT"
sites, museum collections, and and culturally diverse communi- tains these properties is decreas-
places of ethnographic importance ties among all age groups in the ing. NPS must expand its part-
with traditional associations with United States is woefully inade- nerships and rely to a greater
groups — have been identified quate. While much of the instruc- extent on outside sources of sup-
and inventoried. This situation is tion in American history takes port in order to meet the needs
mirrored in the nation's communi- place in formal classrooms, histor- both in the parks and in the
ties, where only partial surveys ical agencies and organizations nation's communities.
and inventories have been com- increasingly are cooperating with
pleted, leaving decisions to be schools, youth groups, and adult
based on incomplete information. education programs to stimulate
interest in the history of the
Continuing deterioration of nation and its communities.
resources both in parks and Because of its broad mission in
the nation's communities the area of cultural resource pro-
causes irretrievable losses. tection, NPS can play an enor-
mous role in educating the public
The National Park System stag- about our shared heritage.
gers under the weight of nearly
$1 billion of deferred maintenance Major changes in funding,
and treatment backlog for historic staffing, and relationships
structures. There also is a ti among preservation partners,
cultural landscape maintenance result in many fewer financial
backlog of$500 million and a and staffing resources to
museum collections preservation, address growing needs.
7 a
{ fir$ y,.;�r.•,. v,
t a time when ■ Expand and revitalize or ganiza- Collaboration, coalition-build-
needs are grow- tional structure and partner- ing, and volunteers will contin-
ing and govern- ships with other governmental ue to be crucial to the working
g g
mental budgets entities and the private sector: of this program. To garner this '
are level or support, the program's impor-
declining, it is ■ Enhance our knowledge of com- tance to the quality of life of
essential that all available tools munity heritage values. every American must be clear.
and partners are marshaled. The
National Park Service Strategic The goals set forth in this plan ■The financial resources from
Plan, which integrates the objec- provide the roadmap for under- government sources will not
trves of the Government taking these actions. In order to grow. In fact, federal funding
Performance and Results Act of respond to the challenges of con- will continually be challenged
1993 (GPRA), is one indication of tinuing social, cultural, and eco- in light of other societal needs
this imperative. The Cultural nomrc change, we expect that cur such as deficit reduction, and .
Resources Strategic Plan comple- rent programs will need to be must be carefully allocated as
ments the NPS Strategic Plan by adjusted. We will need to set pri- inflation and other factors
using its major goals and focusing orities responsibly, so that the diminish its buying power. As
attention on the particular needs limited public funding available a result, priority-setting, innov- f
of cultural resources throughout for preservation does as much ative approaches to problems,
the nation. This plan is intended good as possible for this and and entrepreneurial skills will 1;
to be used by NPS resource staff future generations. Reflecting require the collective wisdom " :P
and program managers, as well as this need for economy is the of all partners and advocates of r
partnership agencies and organ- GPRA mandate that agencies the programs. New technolo-
zations that work with the nation- develop strategic plans to ensure gies and means of outreach to
al historic preservation program their effectiveness and financial currently under-served groups , 4
and park cultural resources. accountability. The following will be key aspects of program
1 Y g Y ' p 1 b"r'
assumptions guide this plan's dis- building.
To meet the challenges of cultural cession:
resources protection, the follow- ■ At the same time, the long-
ing actions are necessary: ■ Existing preservation tools term results of historic preser- '
must be used more effectively vation in social and economic
■ Increase our understanding of to respond to social and eco- terms justify society's invest-
cultural resources —their loca- nomic change. We must devel- ment in preserving resources. x
tion, condition, and significance. op additional preservation tools This plan articulates not only
to meet new, emerging needs. how NPS can responsibly allo-
t Reduce losses of cultural cite existing funding, but also
resources. ■The national historic preserva- a vision that fully meets the
tion program is and will remain legal, ethical, and professional
■ Strengthen public appreciation a model of"federalism" and of responsibilities of NPS to pre-
of, support for, and involve- cooperation among the federal sent and future generations.
ment with cultural resources. government, individuals, local
governments, grass-roots orga-
nizations, tribes, and states.
7
�;lfi� ,:y h,■y�� ,, ;;.,- ,.•,., fir'-',,;;�� -. �>.•,,_'"
SW $14"
, --411'?
y °J We envision a future
.r5'. J is :o '"�' u, t ■
where:
an ■ Management decisions about
f' '�4 cultural resources are based on
:. ussolid information obtained
z through good research
' programs.
47 f
■ Parks, partners, and the public '
'► have ready access to all the
information they need to make
informed decisions about all
actions that could affect
� -• �� "' America's cultural heritage.
■ All available information on
cultural resources is fully inte-
grated as planning tools for The careful rehabilitation of the world fanwus Rookery Building in Chicago,
federal, state, tribal and local Illinois, was made possible through use of the NPS federal historic preserva-
decisions about land use. tion tax 17tce►itives progra►n. (Nick Merrick of Hedrich Blessing, courtesy of
Decisions will result from McClier Architects aid Engineers)
"�.� w ,,�� ,� -- • �- active participation by the
-- " wide variety of people whose The Historic American
heritage and traditions are at Buildings Survey/
•"t'" Historic American
stake. Engineering Reco►ct
--• ■ Financial assistance, technical documents outstandingexamples of this
^ assistance, and training make countr-t,/'s heritage, such
the tools and skills of reser-
P as the Lincoln Merrtarial.
' If vation available nationwide to
individuals organizations,
(HAS/HAER)
_ g ,
{- communities, and tribes.
■ Cultural resources in the
National Park System are in
good condition, the pace of
maintenance meets the needs,
' and the resources are well
interpreted for public enjoy-
ment and understanding.
�IlMlM
■ Parks and other historic places !
' are used as vital parts of school
curricula and of elective
life-long education. Thus '"
l Americans will have a better
understanding and apprecia-
tion, as well as enjoyment, of
the places that evidence the ,
vr
American experience, whether
P , w ,.
or not they actually are able to
visit those places.
■ Local and tribal historic preser-
vation programs, as well as
those of the states and other
federal agencies, will continue ;:
to grow and exert influence :
and advocacy as major facets
of the national historic preser-
vation network.
■ Federal support for historic
preservation programs will
become increasingly stable and ...
reliable.
Few of these visions can be fully
•f
realized in the immediate future
at current staffing and funding
levels. This fact does not dimin-
ish the responsibility of the
National Park Service and others
to define and achieve the most
important and feasible strategies
toward these goals for the near
term and beyond. What follows, •
in discussing the goals of the
Cultural Resource Strategic Plan,
is in that spirit. The National Park Service at the Jeffeiswi National Expansion Memorial
Palk educates school children and other groups about historic places.
(Jeffe)son National Expansion Memorial Association)
9
yA; 3i'i
n 'K
Ilk
K,n y ,° : his section
11, ' describes the
major activities of
the NPS Cultural
r.,V Resources pro- F-•-'
grams, why they T
are important and how the pro-
F Ir y r i• 4Prt•'
,<:9h,. �,� .:�,' �' `':yf '• gram and activities are carried
out. For each major goal, the cor-
responding long-term cultural j
resources goals are listed. Each
* ♦ of these long-term goals is tied to
the NPS servicewide strategic The 1872 Charles Sumner School in Washington, DC, is noted for its role
plan goal categories and are listed in the education of African American students and for'its elate in
American arclaitectzcre. A partnership o the DC Board o Education
in the next section of this report p P f f a
under "Long-Tern Goals" (for and p►-ivate developers made possible the bicilding's resto►Yctio►►..
example, CRSP, LA.). (Sumner School Museum and;Archives)
7 c
oi
01
3
' � r
,
i
t �✓ R
I
r 41,
�.
10
ecisions about Tied and their resources are dards in order to ensure the quali- s.
cultural resources unknown and unevaluated. ty and reliability of the data col-
must be based Identification and inventory lected. The data must include
on collecting efforts support the understanding information about the characteris- j
adequate infor- of the larger universe of cultural tics of the resource, its history
mation to invento- resources against which individ- and significance, its location, and °
ry cultural resources, which is ual resources can be evaluated. its cultural meanings to the peo-
undertaken in a cost-effective We need to recognize that natural ple who made or used, and may
manner, evaluated and document- resources also are given cultural still use, it. In the process of col- -
ed according to the highest stan- meanings by associated groups, lecting this data, affected parties
dards of scholarship and profes- and understand and research and communities must be consult-
sionalism, and reflects park and them in terms of traditional ed and traditional cultural author-
communit values. values: ities actively involved where J
Y Y �
applicable. Much of our existing f
1 . INVENTORY WHAT cultural resources databases must
HOW be updated and converted to elec- ,�
WEHAVE Those who collect this information tronic form'so that they can be
must adhere to the highest levels manipulated, used by a wide vari- »
of professional and scholarly stan- ety of customers, and retrieved A
Cultural resources are protect- -
ed, preserved, and maintained
in good condition. [CRSP, I.A.] ;
a. ^4
NPS contributes to knowledge
.r
about cultural resources and -
human populations. [CRSP, "' fl
1.C.] A
1
l r.I ♦ r� w ,
WHY
Knowing the location, character, `' y
and significance of cultural . i- �•
resources and the values people
attribute to them is the first step k
in making good management deci-
sions. This is particularly crucial
in fragile areas, areas subject to
development pressures and
resource degradation, and with
resource types that are underrep-
resented in the national historic
t preservation program. Many Petroglyphs are an example of a fragile resource type that should be identi-
areas have never been invento- fled and Viventoried. (Chris P'rouvn, NPS)
, 11
quickly. New information is being 2 KNOW WHAT IS information also allows for the
:f {ET F placed directly into computerized development of creative
'< "~ �'''`- N" can be folded into' l ,- a�: ::!.: ' ',. " databases that a IMPORTANT strategies and partnerships to
3�1 s, a'. 1 . larger information management address critical issues.
A' ' , a ' Throughout the nation, im or-
:R,t ; -,i systems. Consolidated or at least g p
tant cultural resources are , H
compatible databases for cultural
. located, evaluated, documented, HOW ► .
W�, yE resources are essential. Using
4 . ►.1t ,�;?;! and registered using the high-
r the latest technology in the collec- Cultural resources must be
n, •.;s est standards of scholarship in
f: tion and management of data will surveyed, documented, and
allow for more complete informs- cost-effective ways and in a it with theirregistered according to their
manner consistent
tion to be made available for deci- significance and respective
sion-making and for a baseline to significance and community val-
ues. criteria. They also must be
be recorded for monitoring the [CRSP, III.A.] evaluated within the contexts of
M " condition of resources. Guidance park and community values.
on using this collected information WHY Cultural resources staff must
must be available in print and Knowing which cultural resources address broad park and
electronically and disseminated community contexts and make
are significant and most
�- widely to potential users. threatened enables decision-
vigorous efforts to address types
" makers to set priorities and of properties and other resources
r' • ''• ""'•
allocate scarce financial and that are under-represented in the
w P •human resources. This historic reservation field.
•
„ w �
r
MEW
zo
„ I�IFt III
The preservation of historic commercial nmin streets like this one in Shannokin, Pennsylvania, isimportant to
stre)zgthe)iing conimuniti.es nationunde. (Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, U.S. News & World
Repo)l Magazine Collection, LC-U9-25787A)
12
.,r
lanning for the
protection of cul-
tur al resources ,
entails integrating r.
information into
the decision-
making process, allocating staff .,
and financial resources according
to the needs of cultural resources K
in parks and communities, provid- _ ;r, '
ing appropriate training and tech-
nical assistance, using available
protections and incentives, and
developing appropriate treat-
,
ments. It also involves consulting
with affected groups, related gov-
ernmental agencies, and private ,
entities.
y
1 . MANAGE MORE = -
EFFECTIVELY
Cultural resources are man-
aged within a broad context ! a
based on adequate scholarly
and scientific information.
[CRSP, I.B.]
, 44
WHY
One of the best ways to ensure •r-- ._� _ � _ -=�=�� '� '�,
the protection of cultural
resources is to identify the most
appropriate options for their use
and management and encourage
viable uses. In some instances,
because of the exceptional quali-
ties and educational potential of a - -
resource, public visitation and The magnificent Philadelphia City Hall is a designated National Historic
access are the most appropriate Landniark and continues its service as the center of Philadelphia's
uses. In other cases, maintenance 7nunicipal governme)it. (Jack E. Bouche); NPS)
13
.fir f ¢ :A,^ :'¢y<r,'• t r
.. ,'ri.y;�yrr'1.75�.rYf' ..,'.;.,Y'•'S'p'.'ty;Ar' !'
A ,' •MY,�.:f.f..�y�f��'s.;ham:'�. ,5.�:i; i
by an occupant or other steward
t{ ,,off ti�3..•..,+rr f'''-�•'r'gYo.,.' .•9L ;, ,
� •f;:,. :1?;,':<y;r. �;;, or adaptive use are the most Es
appropriate and effective means
of protection. For some extreme-
ly fi•ag-ile resources, access and
+tnr visitation may farther erode their
, +? t" y4r�;, a;S 'r condition. For these, their story
can be shared through other
means. Considering the context
requires us to acknowledge that
cultural resources are also embed- ,1
+ ded in ecosystems that include
4w �-
living communities along with
natural habitats.
.:Ir.,...AHOW
' Human and financial resources "
must be allocated according to the i r-
,� **� range of alternatives available to
protect cultural resources. These
decisions must be consistent with The Bra?zdeis School in Louisville, Kentucky, was rehabilitated and trans-
park and community values formed into housing through the use of the NPS Preservation 7h:L Incentives
and according to the highest and the Low Income Housing Tax Credits. (New Directions Housing
Corporation)
standards of scholarship and
e Y
professionalism.
y. k WHY HOW
a ` , r CREATEBETTERThe National Park Service cannot Many tools already exist to assist
2.
A protect all cultural resources, but with cultural resource protection.
p
TOOLBOXit can help others to do so by However, not all those who need
Sq^ Ate• ' .�
' providing and participating in a the tools know about them. Some
f broad range of protection tools also could be simplified and
g P p
+ 4 Significant historic properties
are protected, preserved, and activities, incentives, and made more available through
used in a manner responsive to technical assistance that make up print and various electronic
their significance and communi- the cultural resources toolbox. media. Those who provide tools
ty values and consistent with NPS cultural resources staff and should ensure that they are com-
appropriate scholarly and pro- partners then can use the tools to municated as widely as possible to
fessional standards. [CRSP, best address their own unique those who need them and that
III B ] circumstances. they are understandable to poten-
tial users. Appropriate training
and technical assistance must
accompany these tools to ensure
14
7F I i 4
d' •
a
r
ri
and its their effective use. NPS
partners should seek to use exist- • .i' , ;,.i;
ing tools more effectively and cre-
atively, develop new tools that
�4
complement and build upon exist-
ing ones, and ensure that these
j y..
tools address emerging chal- h :.
lenges. These tools should be
packaged and marketed widely Waft
to potential users. �rf
3. CONTRIBUTE TO
A SUSTAINABLE
ENVIRONMENT
NPS appropriately applies sus-
tainable practices to`cultural
awl
esources ment. [CRSP,
V.A.] MOLL
-
1 i. ,.:, �l..i.:.j,�, .�.... ,.•. I .ul .. �,
WHY
Cultur ail resources exist through-
out the nation. The vast majority
of them such its owner-occu- 1, tr' rs,, fah' ZV -
pied historic buildings- are not r`; a ' w
�It � �k Y Nay .' ^'�'' '�, w.•
threatened. Existing transports- -
tion routes and city plans tie
these resources to places of work, In the past three decades, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has rehabilitated his-
shopping, education, and recce- toric buildings and strictures, added new buildi?igs to its skyline, and i
ation. The continued use or reuse reclaimed itself from decline and pollution. (NPS)
of these resources and their relat-
ed physical infi•astructure will HOW and disseminate information on
rejuvenate older areas, address the importance of historic preser-
the immense cost of sprawl, and Sustainable environments provide '
vation in contributing to sustain-
prevent fiu•ther degradation of for a high quality of life, are virtu-
the natural environment. ally self-supporting, and support able environments. These pro-
regional and national economies. jects will examine the role of cul-
NPS and its partners should tural resources and existing infra-
develop demonstration projects structure and preservation tools
in contributing to sustainability.
15
"� ,: ✓ ems. •'�,:.. F,.. . ,. ..r.,.I,' r � ?.).
f lY
r",:. ;:.'•- ultural resources of all NPS educational programs National Military Park or cultur-
do not always and products. In addition, infor- ally meaningful natural features
`' "y«Y` ''v:;:r.. "' r•'s'<: speak for them- mation on cultural resources such as Devils Tower National
se " : selves. Inter- should be made more accessible to Monument cultural resources F-r
mediaries are all decision-makers and the public. can be used in interpreting the
,.
`': a q y history of immigration, antebel00
-
.: required to convey
} ? {� their history, context, and values. lum life, or the Civil War and its
{` THE BIG
1 TEACH
nation's most p aftermath, or h g
„„SSII ,,k', .� �:',•:� As one of the nati n m s romi- the continuin cul-
„f Went stewards of cultural PICTURE tural role played by�atural
resources, NPS, together with its resources. Physical places and
partners, should enhance the i material culture provide tangible
The highest standards of schol-
understanding of cultural evidence of many facets of histo-
resources nationwide to the pub- arship are adhered to in the' . � k ry. Learning about it is an affir-
' development and delivery of all' i
lie. The highest standards of i mative act of citiienship.
scholarship should be adhered to NPS educational programs and I�
y, in the development and delivery Products. [CR,SP, ILA.]
HOW
f The general public learns about,
Cultural resources can be used for
4;:=:'; , and understands the signifi- . fa formal education as well as educa-
: •
cane of cultural resources and '?
supports their preservation for h „ tion directed at general audiences.
NPS should facilitate the use of
<. �j' �:',: future.generations. [CRSP,
cultural resources in the range
�. ILB.]
of curriculum needs in history,
civics, geography, social studies,
�� ,�" " • All Americans are engaged in
art and other subjects tluough
an ongoing dialogue about the '
,3 sr, published and audiovisual materi-
importance of preserving the
• .� als. It also should develop
tangible remains of our diverse
r b electronic field trips to use the
past as an affirmative act of cit-
�V1EF.'[GSYILLE izenship and how that material national parks and other cultural
l Then&Now resources throughout the nation
7beSe„r,,10p , culture embodies larger com
►. A.v. Effam in classroom instruction even if
�' �` CM06 1O f SW munal and societal values. '
in&�r,,,York students do not visit the actual
[CRSP, III.C.]
Jam Maywd•�� places. For all audiences, on-site
interpretation can be supplement-
ed with publications, audiovisual
llae Weeksv�ille preservation project WHY products, and access to cultural
of the Society for the Preservation Cultural resources are among the resources information over the
of Weeksville &Bedford- most compelling vehicles for Internet.
Stccyvesant History, Brooklyn, examining the nation's heritage.
New York, is one of the pioneers in Whether on the scale of the
y the documentation and preserva-
'.� Statue of Liberty or the
'* *��,:�.:,�•`�' ; ,�• �; � tioia of African American heritage.
(Soviet y for the Preservation of Charleston Historic District, SC,
lVeeksville & Bedford-Stuyvesant) or collections at Gettysburg
2. PROVIDE WHY HOW
The more that cultural resource NPS and its partners must invest `-
GREATER ACCESS
information is available to in the marketing, information dis-
TOINFORMATION decision-makers, the more semination, and technological '
likely it is that this information infrastructure that will bring
will influence the course of cultural resources information to r,. s•� 41 ,;^
�' NPS is a responsive, e�,fficie nn j t ,
, public policy. Access to this infor- all users, many of whom obtain
and accountable or •. ';�: Yf;�, c
? ��
�t?IQ�►��� mation also facilitates its use for information through the media, . ._ .y �. •.
with all systems itRte tee , , research, interpretation, economic outreach and the Internet. The
n
enhance productivityand��'�°� � .Y revitalization tourism, and recce- information must be available to '
~1 4 r
[;effectiveness. (CRSP, I' K`11 , ation initiatives. a wide range of inquiries. In
1..1:64�..,4..ww... .i....;.•r�i.I.u1..Lt�,.i.�.,.Li.::.l..:�.ii.,u.,:cr�.:t:�t:.�t � �•;.
addition, the information should
be adaptable for Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) users,
who can map the location of
cultural resources and their :p*
relationship to other layers of
information.
• ..� .. . sue �ra�
" NPS and its partners must
invest in the management of
cultural resources 2n/b?vwtion
so that this information is
available to decision-makers.
(NPS)
17
s NPS nears its
1 . RENEW
�. "� �'.: ■■r\µ/■� _, :220�2?' '� first century, it is
fit......j.. i,'•
111`''Veh, `�' ' facing un rece- ORGANIZATIONAL
9�;•�; -�•°'"�i dented chal-
.: lenges. Never
COMMITMENT
§hips before has there
been such a need to protect cul- NPS employees are motivated ,
tural resources and to keep them and outcome-oriented, working 4
in active use. However, never together in efficient and j
before have financial resources effective ways. They are repre
been so stretched to meet these sentative of the national work-
growing needs. Clearly, NPS force. All employees are fully
must change in order to retain its trained to ensure their profes-
leadership role in the manage- sionalism and support for the
ment of our nations cultural NPS mission. [CRSP, IV.C.]
r � heritage.
WHY
NPS must recommit itself to its By 1991, the stational historic
core mission of conserving cultur- preservation moveme)d could look
al resources throughout the back upon 25 years of achievement
nation for future generations. and look fonvar d to nety
challenges. (NPS)
. . �� HOW NCSHPQ
Strategic planning is not a static
activity. NPS must rethink its w"" Wo..n b amcwraMHT.rw wMgm►Cww»
f strategies periodically in order to � ...G...,.»
i' accurately assess the challenges
before it, how it intends to meet
these challenges, and what �:.._ �R �'�N°� °, •1
Nc�'.1 isE VwSHIN °�• C
changes in organizational str11C- N�Tio ; S
ture are required. This dynamic aRjH GAf
process of change will facilitate
increased organizational effective-
ness and responsiveness. NPS
must commit itself as an agency
and as a partner to the highest
standards of professional conduct The NPS cultural resources pro-
and ethics. NPS must support
gra)ns are operated in partnership
opportunities and training to Zuitlt othergouerninent entities acid
enhance the professional develop- private organizations. (NPS)
18
ment of its employees in their WHY HOW
disciplines and areas of responsi-
bility. NPS activities are not conducted NPS and other preservation =w k
in isolation. Not even the interests must become full '
remotest national parks are free partners and equal players in
�. INTEGRATE WITH from influences far beyond its organizations devoted to growth ` �; >,
borders. It is imperative that management, land use, and public
OTHER SYSTEMS NPS participate in the decision- policy outside NPS. )
making process in all communities ,
AND PROCESSES - .__
and in all public forums in which '.
the fate of parks and the nation's < i
Historic preservation goals and ,
cultw•al resources are at stake.
interests are integrated effec-
tively at the local, state, tribal,
and national levels of decision- r
making to secure a balanced •��., c,
voice for preserving the tangi-
ble remains of our past within
larger decision matron arenas. +j ' .,
[CRSP, III.D.] f''
1 ..j.r 1
Use of partnerships, volun- =-
teers, grants, and donations,
with and from other agencies 41
'
and organizations, increases
NPS managerial ability. [CRSP,
IV.DJ
V
,3
.Y
i
J
Consultation with cultural groups, such as American Indian tribes, is
unpal-tant in preserving their cultural traditions. (Smithsonian Institution)
19
he following long- N The number of sites recorded in the Cultural Landscapes
term goals outline the archeological site informa- Inventory will be in good condi-
P
actions to be taken tion management system will ton.
IGS** • between now and be increased by 5%.
September 30, 6.By September 30,2002,68%of
2002. The long- 0 Initial cultural landscape inven- preservation and protection con-
term goals are organized accord- totes will be completed for ditions in park museum collections
50%of all national park units.ing to the goal categories of the will meet professional standards.
National Park Service Strategic
Plan and the requirements of the 0 The ethnographic component of 7.By September 30,2002,50%of
Government Performance and the Cultural Sites Inventory the recorded archeological sites
Results Act(GPRA). The long- will be established and record- will be in good condition.
term goals of the NPS Strategic ing initiated.
Plan have been focussed and 8.By September 30,2002, 15%of
amplified to better delineate NPS 0 The number of museum objects all parks known to be associated
cultural resources responsibilities. in the National Catalog of with diverse social and cultural
These goals and measures will Museum Objects will increase groups,including American
frame the development of individ- by 10%. Indian tribes,Alaska natives,or
ual action plans for each of the Native Hawaiian groups,will
'X
NPS stewardship and partnership 0 The number of structures listed have initiated a systematic ethno-
programs and provide guidance to in the List of Classified graphic and consultation program.
parks and partners for defining Structures will increase by
their specific cultural resource 15%. 0.Cultural resources are managed
34 management strategies. within a broad context based on
2.By September 30,2002,the adequate scholarly and scientific
number of National Register information.
GOAL CATEGORY I. nominations documenting eligible
�' ' ' PRESERVE PARK park cultural resources will 1.By September 30,2002,all cul-
increase by 5%. tin-al resources will be evaluated
RESOURCES and interpreted within a broad
3.By September 30,2002,50%of cultural context.
A. Cultural resources are parks will have a professionally-
protected,preserved,and supported program in place to 2.By September 30,2002,50%of
maintained in good condition. inspect and monitor all known cul- all parks will develop or execute
tural resources. memoranda of agreement,
1. By September 30,2002,cultur- resource documentation studies
al resources will continue to be 4.By September 30,2002,50%of or plans,interpretation,training,
inventoried and evaluated in all structures listed in the List of or similar activities with public
accordance with current stan- Classified Structures will be in and private sector partners in
dards,resulting in the following good condition. support of joint management and
increases: interpretation of resources
5.By September 30,2002,50%of beyond park boundaries.
all cultural landscapes listed in
20
,
3.By September 30,2002,all park GOAL CATEGORY ii• 1.By September 30,2002,the
planning initiatives will be based wealth and diversity of the cultur- i
PROVIDE FOR THE g y
on adequate cultural resource al resources managed b NPS are
information,including an reflected in publications and other " '
approved Resource Management PUBLIC ENJOYMENT information available to the public A
Plan that addresses all known cul- and visitors.
tur•al resources. AND VISITOR
2.By September 30,2002,the
EXPERIENCES OF
4.By September 30,2002,15%of majority of visitors are satisfied �..
all parks will have systematically PARKS with the availability,accessibility,
identified the cultural groups and quality of park facilities and
relevant to park management and A.The highest standards of services relating to cultural
will have developed programs scholarship are adhered to in the resources. - r
and/or agreements with those development and delivery of all
groups. NPS educational programs and GOAL CATEGORY ill.
--•�,' ='
. roducts. ,
C.NPS contributes to knowledge p STRENGTHEN AND
about cultural resources and 1.By September 30,2002,all new
human populations. public statements and materials PRESERVE NATURAL
>. a
developed and promulgated by
1.By September 30,2002,all cul- AND CULTURAL
the parks reflect the significance
tubal resource reports funded by `
of the parks'cultural resources in RESOURCES AND
NPS will be prepared by individu- local and regional contexts.
als who meet the Secretary of the ENHANCE
Interior's Historic Preservation 2.By September 30,2002,50%of
Professional Qualifications all current research activities and RECREATIONAL
Standards within their profession- .'
results of NPS research are wide- OPPORTUNITIES
al field or other applicable star- ly distributed through the most I `
dards• MANAGED BY *
efficient media.
2.By September"30,2002,50%of 3.By September 30,2002,all new PARTNERS
all NPS cultural resources ,
NPS scholarly,educational,and Assisted through federal funds and
research is published or made technical publications will have programs,cultural resources are
available to the public through received peer review preserved, protected,and
other appropriate media. maintained in good condition ;
B.The general public learns about through formal partnerships.
and understands the significance Our nation's heritage is best
of cultural resources and supports preserved for all Americans
their preservation for future through the efforts of a broad
generations. range of partnerships involving the
public and private sectors at the
local,state,tribal,and national
21
levels in the preservation of our 1.By September 30,2002,NPS available to educators,students,
and its partners will focus on pro- researchers tourists and the en-
;.;;' nation's rich and diverse heritage. p g
tecting historic and archeological era]public.
A.Throughout the nation, properties in areas threatened by
✓ .; �.
important cultural resources are high growth,abandonment,or 3.By September 30,2002,NPS
significant land use changes. and its partners will focus atten-
r,,r.,'����%•.-���� �•.' located, evaluated, documented, other si
sing the highest
and registered u tion on educating people about
g P P
�.. 2.By September 30 2002 NPS historic places that demonstrate
standards of scholarship in cost-
{ effective ways and in a manner and its partners will facilitate an the contributions of the diverse
_ consistent with their significance increase in the number of govern- groups that have played a role in
and community values. ments providing legal tools and .American history and prehistory.
incentives to protect historic
1.By September 30,2002,NPS resources. D.Historic preservation goals and
. and its partners will focus identifi- interests are integrated effectively
r cation and documentation efforts 3.By September 30,2002,NPS at the local,state,tribal,and
x `` in areas where modern land use and its artners will develop more national levels of decision-makin
P p g
threatens archeological and his- flexible and broadly applicable to secure a balanced voice for
~ � tonic properties. protection tools that incorporate preserving the tangible remains of
PPR%OOMI, • resource preservation standards our past within larger decision-
. ..
2.By September 30,2002,NPS and community values. making arenas.
and its partners will focus identifi-
cation and documentation efforts C.All Americans are engaged in an 1.By September 30,2002,NPS
on property types that are under- ongoing dialogue about the and its partners will ensure that
represented in existing invento- importance of preserving the historic preservation has an effec-
'� tan ible remains of our diverse tive voice in strategic,growth
past as an affirmative act of management,or public policy
3. By September 30,2002,NPS citizenship and how that material planning at the local,State,tribal,
'y and its partners will develop more culture embodies larger communal or federal levels.
cooperative efforts for the identi- and societal values.
fication and documentation of 2.By September 30,2002,NPS
+ archeological and historic proper- 1.By September 30,2002,NPS and its partners will develop
ties and collections among part- and its partners will teach young effective public policy that sup-
ners in the national historic people about our nation's prehis- ports historic preservation goals
preservation program. toxic and historic places and mate- and priorities and that integrates
- rial culture so they will learn effectively the discipline-based
B. Significant historic properties about and become good stewards interests inherent in the practice
and material culture are protected, of this irreplaceable heritage. of historic preservation today.
preserved,and used in a manner
:. responsive to their significance and 2.By September 30,2002, NPS 3.By September 30,2002, NPS
community values and consistent and its partners will assure that and its partners will use rapidly
with appropriate scholarly and information about historic places evolving advances in technology,
athered for identification re 's- information management,and
professional standards. g g ,
tration,and protection is widely telecommunications to advocate
"
22
.r'
r
and ensure historic preservation resources funds will meet target historical architects, historicals
activities are considered within dates and objectives and be com- landscape architects, historians, *,
the land-use planning and public pleted within budgets. arch rtectural historians, curators, ,,, ,�, ,• , ,.
policy arenas e.g., Geographic archeologists and ethnographers,
Information Systems (GIS), com- 2. By September 30, 2002, sub- who meet the Secretary of the
uter database management, etc. stantial progress will be made in Interiors Professional
linking and providing access to Qualification Standards or other
cultural resource data. applicable qualification standards. {` ;1}
GOAL CATEGORY( IV� -
ENSURE ' C. NPS employees are motivated 5. By September 30, 2002, all
and outcome-oriented, working employees who work with cultur- a
together in efficient and effective al resources are afforded annual
ORGANIZATIONAL
s.
are
es for training
EFFECTIVENESS he national workforce. All
of profess o al development. d -
P
employees are fully trained to
A. NPS appropriately applies ensure their professionalism and 6. By September 30, 2002, the
sustainable practices to cultural support for the NPS mission. NPS will implement "Resources
resource management. Careers."
1. By September 30, 2002, all cul-
1. By September 30,2002, all tural resource professionals in the 7. By September 30, 2002, all cut- '
treatment projects on historic NPS will meet the Secretary of tural resources positions are clas- 01"
structures will incorporate sus- the Interior's Professional sified and filled according to .
tainable practices to the extent Qualifications Standards or other Office of Personnel Management
that they do not compromise the applicable standards in the disci- (OPM) standards.
SecreUuy of the Interior's plines for which their position has
Standards. been classified. 8. By September 30, 2002, all NPS .
staff are afforded opportunities
2. By September 30, 2002, all 2. By September 30, 2002, all for training regarding diverse cul- °-► w :.
treatment projects on cultural parks will have up-to-date tures and cultural resource man-
landscapes will incorporate sus- Resources Management agement.
tainable practices to the extent Assessment Programs.
that they do not compromise the D. Use of partnerships, volunteers, ;
Secretary of the Interior's 3. By September 30, 2002, NPS grants, and donations, with or from
Standards. will develop and implement a other agencies and organizations,
program designed to inform increases NPS managerial ability.
B. NPS is a responsive, efficient, under-represented groups about
and accountable organization with professional cultural resources 1. By September 30, 2002, the .
all systems integrated to enhance careers. amount of non-NPS support, in-
productivity and cost kind gifts, and volunteer hours
effectiveness. 4. By September 30, 2002, parks devoted to the preservation, pro-
will have access to a full range tection, and interpretation of park
1. By September 30, 2002, 90% of and appropriate numbers of cul- cultural resources will increase by
projects supported by cultural tural resources staff, including 5%.
23
2. By September 30 2002 all ree-
fi
r f �. a' r k�„ t�f� j •��. Sf.� i •I.la,it' �.�i M�r;;. ; :4 f+;W: ' ,., ';:•: �,;sc;;ti� < '�{y' ognized National Park Friends
groups with an interest in man-
4, t�r 1'•� ^N.;••:'J! £..�`� agement of cultural resources will - -�'� •,t ,....�`�
have a memorandum of under
.4N{i na.F.Pi,.c:',r }r C ,t•.. .i'' 't ?I �'" .• I
CC-
standing or other partnership
��• K • ��,t<,�::.,y,, . � ,,r '1•,: agreement in place with the ; '?+.. •�a
parks they support.
;,• ; �..
3. By September 30, 2002, NPSi� `` r�
will have reviewed and developed ;
recommendations for revision of
all principal regulations policies
and procedures to facilitate more
.4 effective use of partnership '
opportunities, volunteers, grants,
and donations in support of cul-
tural resource programs. �'',
4. By September 30, 2002, all
" NPS parks and programs will The NPS M2tseitm Management
work cooperatively with partners Program is responsible for
to identify, protect, and interpret policies, standards, and
'the nations cultural resources.
e�rr,�,l<.. ._..:.�,;:i�;,s,.�s .r*,,,r.. •, . . ., ,�-•- .. . . procedures for ntaitagi.ng
imho-al, cultiv ul, archival, a7ul
manitscr ipt materials iit
national parks. (NPS)
r
r
` 9
u' 't
v 2>. '� 4
,93,
national monuments. The law ed the National Park Service as a
BACKGROUND
was intended to protect archeo- focus of federal historic preserva- en
logical sites on public land and tion activity. ;
he Yosemite q '
allow only appropriate scientific
Valley grant to the investigations for the public bene- In 1964, the United States +A�
State of California fit. Under this law, permits were Conference of Mayors undertook
in 1864 and the '` �,• _r '
issued to competent professionals. a stud of historic reservation _
establishment p p y p
Criminal penalties were estab- activities and needs in the United
of Yellowstone
lished for violations of the Act. States, in cooperation with the
National Park in 1872 serve a9 White House, the American
the foundation of the National The National Park Service was Institute of Architects, the
Park Service. Through the addi- created and organized in 1916 to National Trust for Historic
tion of new parks to the National
k manage the Nation's premier Preservation, and the National
Park System, the National Par
Service increased its ability to natural and historic areas, and Park Service, among others. The � k ^ �; ^� •
battlefields, monuments, parks, resulting report, With Heritage
protect the nations cultural her- and objects therein. With the cre- So Rich," revealed a growing � .
itage. However, its ability to k" 3
influence the protection of cultur•-
ation of NPS, a cohesive manage- public need for a national historic
1k µ�'�,• •,
ment was provided for properties preservation program because of _
al resources outside of park units under the Department of the massive losses of historic build-
was limited. Until the 20th centu- Interior's jurisdiction. In 1933, ings and entire neighborhoods,
ry, only local or regional private NPS took over major historic particularly caused by urban w"
groups, or occasionally, local or properties that had been under renewal and highway construe- f
State governments undertook .,'�.
the War Department and the tion projects. This report influ-
historlc preservation activities. F 14
Forest Service. Historic preset-- enced the Congress to enact a �-
Most of these activities focused vation programs were seen as statute establishing a nationwide
on single-buildings associated ''
part of the Services expanding preservation policy: the National
with major historical figures and mission, and directly relevant to Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) `
did not involve federal govern- the development of the federal of 1966.
ment incentives or programs. government's expertise in this
The only miijor exceptions to this area. On that basis, the Historic While the Congress recognized "
rule were several Civil War bat- Sites Act of 1935 was the second that national goals for historic
tlefields, whose management was major piece of federal historic preservation could best be
assigned to the War Department preservation legislation. This act achieved by supporting the drive, `
in the 1890s. declared it national policy to pre- enthusiasm, and wishes of local
serve for public use historic sites, citizens and communities, it
The earliest federal historic buildings, and objects of national understood that the federal gov-
• -preservation statute was the significance and directed the ernment must set an example
Antiquities Act of 190(i, which Secretary of the Interior to con- through enlightened policies and
authorized the President to set duct various programs with practices and act as a catalyst to
aside historic landmarks, strue- respect to historic preservation, spur the private sector and gov-
tures, and objects located on lands including the establishment of ernments at all levels. Through
controlled by the United States as museums. This statute designat- the substantive provisions of the
25
P
i
I
Act, Congress made the federal Service has assumed major pro-
government a full partner and a gram responsibilities, including
leader in historic preservation. the Archeological and Historic (\D
An underlying motivation in pas- Preservation Act (1974)' the 00
'". ����yr`;,:^I.•i•;`'��r�i�}
sage of the Act was to transform Archaeological Resources
4r the federal government from an Protection Act (1979), the various
w; K. ? �`�•' °' agent of indifference, frequently tax reform and incentives acts
responsible for massive losses of of the 1970s and 1980s, the
historic resources, to a facilitator, Abandoned Shipwreck Act
' an agent of thoughtful change, (1987), and the Native American
and a responsible steward of our Graves Protection and
heritage for future generations. Repatriation Act (1990), have all
expanded upon the basic founda-
Since 1966, our definition of his- tion of the NHPA. NHPA itself
toric properties has evolved to has undergone substantial growth
j 1 encompass a much broader inter- through amendments in 1976,
pretation of:American heritage, 1980, and 1992, among others.
one that acknowledges the signifi- It follows that with this more
`, u, cance of the nation's diverse com- inclusive view of what historic
„
4N munity heritage. Further, his- properties are, how Americans
' toric properties are now under- relate to them, and the role of his-
stood and appreciated as part of toric preservation in addressing
— not isolated from—the land- the resulting issues, the chal-
' scape in which they belong. Key lenges presented by their preser-
> '�" legislation enacted since 1966, and vation and treatment have grown
<I for which the National Park more complex and sophisticated.
-
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26
V
he National Park leadership and coordination Historic American Buildings
Service Cultural including encouragement and sup- Survey/Historic American y 1
Resources port for the interpretation, man- Engineering Record (HAGS/
Programs are ciu•- agement, preservation, and pro- HAER)reflects the federal gov-
ried out by national tection of.America's archeological ernment's commitment to pre-
program centers, resources inside the National serve important architectural, '
regional support offices, and the Park System and beyond it. This engineering, and industrial prop-
parks. Many of the programs are function includes carrying out the erties through programs that doc- r `
operated in partnership with role of the Departmental ument outstanding examples of
other governmental entities and Consulting Archeologist. The this country's heritage. Project
private organizations. The listing Applied Ethnography function teams produce measured draw-
of programs below provides a guides and fosters the aPPro ri- ings, large-format photography
,
sense of the organizational frame- ate management, conservation, and written histories.
work for cultural resources work and use of park cultural and nat- --
within NPS, but is not definitive ural resources with traditional Historic Landscape Initiative pro-
of the way in which the programs associations for Native American motes responsible preservation
are implemented. and other ethnic groups, including practices that protect our nation's
traditional park users. It also irreplaceable legacy of historic'
American Battlefield Protection identifies, protects, and interprets landscapes, including designed `
Program supports the preserva- cultural and natural resources landscapes and gardens as well as
tion of historic battlefields and that have traditional value for vernacular historic landscapes, . °:
related historic sites. The goals of contemporary communities within farms, and historic battlefields. _:•
the program are to protect battle- existing and proposed units of the The HLI develops and dissemi-
fields and sites associated with National Park System. nates guidelines for historic land-
armed conflicts fought on scape preservation; produces .
American soil that influenced the Certified Local Governments innovative tools to raise the
course of our national history and Program is a model and cost- awareness of the general public;
to encourage and assist all effective local, state, and federal organizes training symposia and r '
Americans in planning for the partnership that promotes his- workshops; and provides technical
preservation, management, and toric preservation at the grass- assistance.
interpretation of historic roots level across the nation. The
American battlefields and battle- program seeks to develop and Historic Preservation Fund pro-
related sites. The ABPP focuses maintain local historic preserva- vides matching grants-in-aid to
on land use, cultural resource and tion programs that will influence the States, Territories, Indian
site management planning, and the zoning and permitting deci- Tribes, and the National Trust for a
public education. sions critical to preserving his- Historic Preservation to assist in a
toric properties and ensures the their efforts to protect and pre- r:
Archeology and Ethnography broadest possible participation of serve properties listed in the
Program provides guidance, infor- local governments in the national National Register of Historic
mation, national coordination, and historic preservation program, Places and otherwise expand and
technical assistance in archeology while maintaining preservation accelerate their historic preserva-
and ethnography. For archeology, standards established by the tion activities. HPF grants serve
the program provides national Secretary of the Interior. as a catalyst and seed money for
27
preserving the nation's it replace- National Historic Landmarks are evaluating cultural resources. It
:'. able heritage for this and future designated by the Secretary of also makes information from the
I. a; ,�� p '�°'.;i"t.'`fz�' �, `'.° generations. It requires that the Interior and acknowledged as National Register widely avail-
States develop a comprehensive our nation's most important his- able for use in planning preserva-
�� statewide historic preservation toric and archeological properties. tion, education, tourism, and W
Ekl plan that prioritizes the State's The National Historic Landmarks research through demonstration
preservation goals and assists our Survey manages the process by projects books videotapes the
communities and public leaders in which these nationally significant computerized National Register
making sound judgments about historic properties are identified Information S ste,.
protecting cultural resources evaluated, and designated travel itineraries, curriculum
throughout the nation. through historical theme and spe- materials, the World Wide Web,
cial studies for their exceptional and other means.
Museum Management Program value in illustrating the nation's
supports development and coordi- heritage. Through its National Park Historic Structures and
nation of servicewide policies, Historic Landmarks Assistance Cultural Landscapes Program
_ ,y *. standards, and procedures for Initiative, NPS monitors the con- protects and preserves the his-
. - "�""` managing museum collections, dition of these properties, and torie and prehistoric structw•es
including natural, cultural, provides technical assistance and and cultural landscapes in the
archival, and manuscript materi- training to their owners and parks of the National Park
� ., als. The program provides staff hiends' groups. System through research to
• �' advice, technical assistance, and develop an adequate information
professional development pertain- National Maritime Initiative base for the preservation of his-
ing to museum collections acquisi- inventories and evaluates historic toric properties, planning to con-
tion, documentation, preservation, maritime resources, develops sider the historic values of all his-
ar<< ,, . •
.� ► ' -, protection, use, and disposal for standards and priorities for their toric properties prior to assign-
the National Park Service. It preservation, identifies appropri- ment of use and determination of
. , provides similar services to ate federal and private sector treatment, and stewardship to
= ' r Department of the Interior roles in addressing priorities, pro- protect all historic properties for
bureaus. The program develops vides maritime history expertise the next generation with no loss
- and maintains a Servicewide cata- and technical preservation assis- of integrity.
. . . ., a log and other statistics on muse- tance, and leads in establishing
um collections. The National the National Maritime Heritage Park History Program provides
1'y Catalog of Museum Objects is a Grants Program. leadership for historic preserva-
computerized listing of cultural tion and the presentation of histo-
objects, natural history speci- National Register of Historic ry throughout the National Park
mens, and archival and manu- Places is the official list of the System. It promotes adherence
script collections, that are in park nation's cultural resources worthy to professional standards so that
museum collections. Parks com- of preservation. The program NPS effectively integrates the
plete catalog records and submit expands and maintains the best of current historical scholar-
electronic copies to the National National Register and provides ship into park research, education
Catalog for aggregation. standards and educational mated- and interpretive programs, and
als used nationwide at every level park
planning.
as the basis for identifying and
28
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Mg
Preservation Tax Incentives is our nation's historic structures;
one of the federal government's promoting their long-term preser-
4:;4
s
t,'•L ,�' ',C,
most successful and cost-effective vation• and fostering the res onsi-
community revitalization pro- ble use of both traditional and
grams. It fosters private sector innovative techniques in their
rehabilitation of historic buildings, care and maintenance.
promotes economic revitalization, ,:
and provides a strong alternative Tribal Preservation ProgramJI
to government ownership arld assists Indian tribes in preserving
management of such histm is their historic properties and cul-
properties. The historic tural traditions. The program
Preservation Tax Incentives are originated in 1990, when
available for buildings listed in Congress directed the National
the National Register of Historic Park Service to study and report a7
Places and certain local historic on the funding needs for the
districts eligible for the National preservation of sites significant to
Register, which are rehabilitated Native Americans. The Tribal
accordingto standards set b the Preservation Pro helps
Y b'�'am ' P
Secretary of the Interior. Indian tribes participate more
fully in the national historic '
Technical Preservation Services preservation program through
helps individuals, preservation direct grants that provide tribes f
professionals, organizations, and with critical resources required to
government agencies preserve increase their capacity to protect
and protect the nation's heritage their historic resources. Section =
by providing readily available 101(d) of the National Historic �d
education materials on preserv- Preservation Act further pro-
ing, restoring, and rehabilitating vides for tribes to assume from --
historic properties through such State government a full range of
means as preservation briefs, statutory functions under that
technical notes, books, videos, and law on reservation land in recog-
its home page on the World Wide nition of tribal sovereignty in
Web. The Technical Preservation determining the future of cultural
Services program is dedicated to properties for future generations
improving the quality of work on of tribal members. '
2P
r his plan was pre- the National Park Service;Randy Brian O'Neill of the Golden Gate
s N, pared by the NPS Biallas,Blaine Cliver,Mild Crespi, National Recreation Area;Gaiy
Cultural Resources Ann Hitchcock Frank Somers of the NPS Alaska
Strategic Planning McManamon,Dwight Pitcaithley, Support Office;Eric Hertfelder F—�
b1. S'• es Group. Stephanie Carol Shull,and Pat Tiller of the and Nancy Miller of the National W
Toothman of the NPS National Center f
° C t or Cultural Conference of State Historic
NPS Columbia Cascades Support Resource Stewardship and Preservation Officers(NCSHPO);
Office,and Rowland Bowers,for Partnerships;Rolf Diamant of the and Ron Anzelone of the
merl of the NPS National Olmsted National Historic Site; Advisor Council qtiistoric
anning Center for Cultural Resources Billy Garrett of the Denver Preservation. NP9 staff mem-
:::; .
Stewardship and Partnership Service Center; David bets David Banks,Laura Feller,
'. A Programs,served as Team Hollenberg of the NPS Northeast Toni Lee,and John Renaud and
Group Leaders of the effort. The group Regional Office;Heather Huyck NCSHPO staff member
included the following:Kate of the NPS Office of Strategic Rosemary Infante also participat-
<r Stevenson and Sue Waldron of Planning;Diane Nicholson and ed in the preparation of this plan.
w
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The Sunrise Area at Mount Ranier National Park in Washington State is part of the National Historic
Landmark histo?ic district,significant for its representation of the National Park Service Landscape
Architecture between 1916 and 1942 theme. (NPS)
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30
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