HomeMy WebLinkAboutHPC 012804Orange County
Environment & Resource Conservation.
306 -A Revere Road / PO Pox 81.81.
Ilillshorough, NC 27278
Phone: (91.9) 245- 2590, }pax: (919) 644 - 33.51.
cmoon @co.orange.nc.us (919) 245 -2583
MEMORANDUM
TO: Historic Preservation Commission
FROM: Tina Moon, Preservation Planner
SUBJECT: Historic Preservation Commission Meeting, January 28, 2004
DATE: January 21, 2004
COPIES: Dave Stancil, Environment and Resource Conservation Director
Rich Shaw, Land Conservation Manager
Our next meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, January 28, 2004 at 7:00 p.m. in the
Planning and Agricultural Center.
George &Alice Horton, the new owners of the Sam Couch property (NRSL) are planning to come
to discuss their ideas for possible renovation work on the main house. They are also considering
pursuing National Register and /or Local Landmark designation for the site. Please skim through
the survey file information on this property and be prepared to discuss 1) if you think the site is
eligible for the local landmark program and 2) what types of changes could be made without
destroying historic character.
I have also included the sample oral history questions we have prepared for the 250th event.
Let's try to rework them a little to extract more information from the interviewee on local
buildings. I've included a brief extract from one of our interviews at the 250th Oral History
Corner. Skim through and try to see where we could have asked more direct questions about
his house —for use in the manuscript and driving tour brochures.
I'll try to update you on other matters at the meeting. I look forward to seeing everyone on
Wednesday, January 28, 2004
ORANGE COUNTY
2002
NORTH CAROLINA
Crc.esaATINc 250 YrAlts
AGENDA
ORANGE COUNTY
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
PLANNING & AGRICULTURAL CENTER - Conference Room 1
306 REVERE ROAD
HILLSBOROUGH, NORTH CAROLINA
January 28, 2004
TIME PAGE
AGENDA ITEM
7:00
1.
CALL TO ORDER
2.
CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONS TO AGENDA
7 :05
3.
CHAIR COMMENTS
7:10 3
4.
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
a. December 10, 2003
7:15 5
5.
ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION
a. Sam Couch property (NRSL) — ideas for
renovation work and pursuing NR /LLD status
20
b. Oral History Program — potential contacts &
questionnaire template
C. Updates — Rehab Code, St. Mary's Road
Firehouse, other
d. Reminder of officer elections (chair and vice chair
can only serve three one -year terms)
8 :45
6.
INFORMATIONAL ITEMS
a. Training Materials distributed at December
meeting
b. "And Miles to Go"
C. "Native America in the 21St Century: Out of the
Mists and Beyond Myth"
d. A Database for Posterity /Heritage Project, "Civil
Rights Snapshots"
8 :50
7.
ADJOURNMENT
IF UNABLE TO ATTEND THIS MEETING, PLEASE CALL THE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT AT EXTENSION 2583 (NUMBERS LISTED BELOW). STAFF CAN THEN DETERMINE IF QUORUM
WILL BE PRESENT FOR THE MEETING.
HILLSBOROUGH - 732 -8181 CHAPEL HILL - 967 -9251
MEBANE - 227 -2031 DURHAM - 688 -7331
,
U [
Draft MINUTES
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
December 10, 2003
Members Present: Betsy Underwood, Chair
Chuck Cooper, Vice Chair
Dale Georgiade
Heath Aldridge
Rob Golan
Members Absent: Renee Price, Carolyn Connor
Staff Present: Tina Moon, Preservation Planner and Carol Melton, ERCD Staff.
AGENDA ITEM #1: CALL TO ORDER
Chair Underwood called the meeting to order at 7:00 p.m.
AGENDA ITEM #2: CONSIDERATIONS OF ADDITIONS TO AGENDA
Moon added the Commissioner's request for HPC's priorities for the next fiscal year beginning July 1,
2004 as an addition to the agenda.
Aldridge and Georgiade reported a sign along part of the St. Mary's Road Scenic Heritage Corridor
project that indicated a fire department would be built.
Cooper reported some ongoing project involving an older farmhouse on Highland Farm Road.
AGENDA ITEM #3: CHAIR COMMENTS
Underwood reported talking with Dr. Watson at the Chapel Hill Historical Society and was referred to
someone at the Southern Oral History program at UNC regarding the storage of oral history tapes. She
noted that they recommended a release form would need to be completed by anyone interviewed as well
as a brief summary statement. The tapes could be retrieved at a later time for transcriptions.
AGENDA ITEM #4: APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Underwood asked what was the `scoring exercise' and, Moon explained the driving- scoring or evaluating
exercise that members had done along the Scenic Heritage Corridor on St. Mary's Road project.
MOTION: Georgiade motioned for approval of the October 22, 2003 minutes. Seconded by Cooper
VOTE: Unanimous.
AGENDA ITEM #5: ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION
a. Rotary Club Meeting Report
Moon noted that the Rotary Club presentation on October 23 was well received.
b. Lands Legacy Annual Action Plan Report
Moon referenced the copy of the HPC's recommendations for the Lands Legacy Annual Action Plan
which was included for their records.
C. Planning for next year and committee work
1. Local Landmark Program, Design Standards
2. Oral History Project
3. Publication
4. Toolkit and more
DRAFT MEETING SUMMARY 12110/03
0z_
3'
fi s
Moon reviewed the staff prepared list of ongoing goals, priorities, tasks and projects to organize planning
for the upcoming year in correlation with ERCD. She noted that everyone has been taking on projects to
accomplish the desired outcome of the HPC. She reviewed the list of items outlining what everyone has
been working on and suggested the possibility of more commission member participation on some items
to accomplish quicker results.
❖ Heritage Scenic Corridor project — high priority
❖ Maintenance work on county property
❖ Finishing Local Landmark Design Guidelines
❖ Oral History program underway — fill in family history gaps missing from book publication materials
❖ Finish Publication highlighting inventory sites — high priority
❖ Continue developing preservation toolkit
• :• Complete driving tours brochures using information from book publication
❖ Update Historic Preservation Element
❖ Create resource library /archival storage facility
❖ Overdue site visits, research and plans
Ongoing:
■ Collect oral histories
■ Inventory Historic buildings
■ NR/LLD Sites
■ Outreach /education or historic preservation
■ Site visits on requests
Moon described interesting facts revealed during her research for the 250th festival at the Blackwood
Farm. She also noted that local connections would enhance the publication and need to be fleshed out
through research and oral history interviews. The list of interview questions needs to be customized to
draw out the local history related to buildings for the "Publication ". Moon reported getting more contact
resources and asked if anyone was interested in pursuing township histories to let her know.
Underwood reported talking to someone at the senior center about doing oral histories and there was
interest in participating. She also suggested that Betty Eidner History teacher at Orange High School
might have good information on township histories in the County because she taught a course of tracing
back deeds.
It was noted that the Fire department notification should be a part of list of projects. Moon to check with
David Stancil on status of notification process through proper channels.
NC Rehabilitation Code project — Moon to check with Durham's preservation planner.
Maintenance Fund setup - Moon to get with Dianne Reid on low interest loans information.
AGENDA ITEM #6: BOCC RETREAT FORM
Members discussed items for the BOCC annual planning retreat request for priorities and asked staff to
complete the form including these priorities:
Heritage Scenic Corridor Program
Fire permit and burning notification from local authorities for threatened historic sites in Orange County
Design Guideline Standards
Oral History project
Publication Orange County Historic Architectural Resource materials
Continue to develop tool kit for ongoing outreach. educational purposes. Include examples of brochures
completed to date.
Add to consider adoption of new NC Rehabilitation standards to the Local Building Code.
Add a note about the work done and participation with 250th festival, as well as outreach through
presentation at Rotary Club meeting. Including brochures developed this year for the toolkit.
Members reviewed the 2004 calendar of meeting dates. Regular meeting dates will continue to be the
fourth Wednesday of each month except November and December. The combination meeting is
scheduled for the first Wednesday in December.
ADJOURNMENT: Meeting adjourned at 8:50 p.m. Next meeting scheduled for January 28, 2004.
2
DRAFT MEETING SUMMARY 12/10/03
�Sll
County " r6 ;1
NORTH CAROLINA HISTORIC STRUCTURE SHORT DATA SHEET
. • his, ..s•'
READ and USE the instruction manual to complete this form. Fill it out as completely and consistently aspossible. PLEASE NOTE:
.+i.;;jr., j.1! 1
not all variables are provided for each question and reference to the instruction manual will be necessary�Nln all cases:
0 or 00 denotes an undetermined or not applicable response
9 or 99 denotes a variable other than those provided
i.
SURVEY SITE NUMBER Ll �O(To be tilted in by S & P Branch unless otherwise specified)
Co 1.1. SITE NAME: t 1 � � t,(. rl ri, u
3. ABBREVIATED LOCATION DESCRIPTION OR STREET ADDRESS:
4. NEAREST TOWN /COMMUNITY: I-hl►s�>�1'b VrtJ i 'ra:: "
5. COUNTY: _V 6. DATE RECORDED IN FIELD: MONTH _ DAY 1'YEAR
7. FIELD RECORDER(S): G �i" t L T1 IBC,
8. TAX PARCEL ## (PROPERTY ID): (optional)
10. OWNER NAME:
11. OWNER ADDRESS:
Telephone:
13. USE: Original Primary: 6 t _(?�l
Present Primary : 1% L 0?
Resid: Farm Resid: Non -Farm Farm Bldg
0101 0102 0201
Transportation Post Office Church
0801 -0831 0902 1001
14. CONDITION: J-1 Excellent
1
ARCHITECTURAL DATA
19. EXPRESSION: Exterior 3 Interior 3
21. GENERAL STYLE GROUPS: Exterior:
Interior:
Geo Geo /Fed Fed Fed /Gk Rev
01 02 03 04
Neoclas Rev Col Rev Misc Vic
12 13 15
Ranch Cape Cod Period Cottage
35 38 39
22. PLAN (DOMESTIC): 0 �_
One Room Hall & Parlor
01 02
Other:
Other:
School Office
0301 0401
Clubhs /Lodge
1501
Good Fair
2 3
Bank
0402
Museum
1701
General. Ret# G,Store
,'0503 „a.
Ceme>:ery
1802 j'
a
Industrial
0601 -0614
Unoccupied
2001
Deteriorated : <;tRuin Unexposed
4a 5 6
High /Academic National /Popular
1 2
First Second
First Second
Gk Rev Italianate Goth Rev
05 06 07
Standard Com /Indust Beaux-Arts
16 21
Minimal Traditional Craftsman
40 41
Other: _
Other 2 Room
03
Reg i ona ljVe`r.nacu t a r
13 ` i,
T r0 °fir
19 -20c .Trac
09
i,
Tudor Rev
22
Four-Swai
44j 1
Side Halt Center Hatt Irregular,.':
06 07
Queen Anne
M Art Deco
26
Rustic Revival
45
Shotgun
18
Akron Plan Barris: English
06 07
2 -6 -Room Corridor Plan
15 16
1 -story Itry; Nab Attie 1 -1/2 -story 2-story 2- story, Hab Attic 2-1/2-story 3 -story
1j'�'tlg ^.A: 2 3 B 4 5
.....
3- story, Hab Atti I 3- 1 /2-story 4 or more, Not skyscraper Skyscraper
C 6 7 8
11";_1 T `
25. FACADE WIDTH (Paiiht Stock): 3_ 1 -Bay 2 -Bay 3 -Bay 4 -Bay 5 -Bay 6 or More Bay
11 ; :` ` 1 2 3 4 5 6
26. `DEPTH: l i 1t, (o�¢m/$ qte Pile 2- Room /Double Pile 3- or More Rooms
si C,j;e 1 2 3'
27. EXTENSIONS & ADfi ONS A B — Other:
Rear Shed Rear;' lL.;;; 'Side(s) Front Add,l Stories Orig Strt Incorp w /Neu Rear Other Front Ell Front Shed
3 4 5 6 7 8 A
41's p
28. CONSTRUCTION: CiPrmaryi�_ Secondary — Other:
—
,Log Plank 1 {, Timber.Frame Light Nailed Frame Load-Searing Masonry Steel Frame Reinf Concrete
t ,
O1 02;, w, ?' '� "'. 03 05 07 08 09
,Frame Cnst, Typg_Unk ?' Masonry Walls, Type Unk Brick Veneer Over Frame Cnst Boxed
12 13 14 15
29. NOTCHING TYPE (LAB Bnd Plank): _ Other:
Full Dovetail �4
Half Dovetail V Diamond Square Saddle
t 2 3 4 5 6
30. EXTERIOR WALL MAT�RIALS Primery,/ Secondary — — other:
t r9 �nT!
Plain Weatherboard.. +F Molded /Beaded Weatherboard Brick, Common Bond Brick, Flemish Bond
01 �� {[� k i' t 02 06 07
�
Brick Veneer j1 3 (Brick, Stretcher Bond Stucco Board &Batten Stone Veneer
10 i'� 11 13 33 36
1 +K 1'
31. NOTABLE EXTERIOR,"JUTURE$ (Non-Domestic BLdgs):
ice- .i
Qec Brickwork r�Fisl Shopfront Iron /Metal Shopfront Orig Signs Carrara Glass Glass /Metal Terra Cotta
<tii. 01 ! ifii t 'i' 02 03 04 05 07 08
Other:;;,,�;�;:
23. COMMON NON
--
Other:
Iyrurches r
�R
Ind f neU ' Meeting House
Nave
Cruciform Auditorium Plan
— — Other:
Ika
01 02
03
04 05
1-Crib 2 76j
*4 -Crib Transverse
Bank
Gambrel Schools: 1 -Room
08
11
12
13 14
.
(,taambrel
Mansard
Shed
Flat
14
24. HE I GHT S
16
17
19
CODE AS SECONDARY
Akron Plan Barris: English
06 07
2 -6 -Room Corridor Plan
15 16
1 -story Itry; Nab Attie 1 -1/2 -story 2-story 2- story, Hab Attic 2-1/2-story 3 -story
1j'�'tlg ^.A: 2 3 B 4 5
.....
3- story, Hab Atti I 3- 1 /2-story 4 or more, Not skyscraper Skyscraper
C 6 7 8
11";_1 T `
25. FACADE WIDTH (Paiiht Stock): 3_ 1 -Bay 2 -Bay 3 -Bay 4 -Bay 5 -Bay 6 or More Bay
11 ; :` ` 1 2 3 4 5 6
26. `DEPTH: l i 1t, (o�¢m/$ qte Pile 2- Room /Double Pile 3- or More Rooms
si C,j;e 1 2 3'
27. EXTENSIONS & ADfi ONS A B — Other:
Rear Shed Rear;' lL.;;; 'Side(s) Front Add,l Stories Orig Strt Incorp w /Neu Rear Other Front Ell Front Shed
3 4 5 6 7 8 A
41's p
28. CONSTRUCTION: CiPrmaryi�_ Secondary — Other:
—
,Log Plank 1 {, Timber.Frame Light Nailed Frame Load-Searing Masonry Steel Frame Reinf Concrete
t ,
O1 02;, w, ?' '� "'. 03 05 07 08 09
,Frame Cnst, Typg_Unk ?' Masonry Walls, Type Unk Brick Veneer Over Frame Cnst Boxed
12 13 14 15
29. NOTCHING TYPE (LAB Bnd Plank): _ Other:
Full Dovetail �4
Half Dovetail V Diamond Square Saddle
t 2 3 4 5 6
30. EXTERIOR WALL MAT�RIALS Primery,/ Secondary — — other:
t r9 �nT!
Plain Weatherboard.. +F Molded /Beaded Weatherboard Brick, Common Bond Brick, Flemish Bond
01 �� {[� k i' t 02 06 07
�
Brick Veneer j1 3 (Brick, Stretcher Bond Stucco Board &Batten Stone Veneer
10 i'� 11 13 33 36
1 +K 1'
31. NOTABLE EXTERIOR,"JUTURE$ (Non-Domestic BLdgs):
ice- .i
Qec Brickwork r�Fisl Shopfront Iron /Metal Shopfront Orig Signs Carrara Glass Glass /Metal Terra Cotta
<tii. 01 ! ifii t 'i' 02 03 04 05 07 08
Other:;;,,�;�;:
32. ROOF CONFIGURATION:
,I;,P. imafty
Secondary
— — Other:
Gable Sides iii }::Gable
front
Ped Gable
Triple A
"X" Gable
y 01'
"' 02
03
04
05
Pyramidal
.
(,taambrel
Mansard
Shed
Flat
14
�'' 5 .
16
17
19
CODE AS SECONDARY
}- (iFR,'2,jBetfry
Steeple
Cupola /Lantern
Belvedere
ikT. � :
;`,
23
i.
24
25
26
FOR STRUCTURES WITHOU
.;VSIGYIFICANT
PORCH, GO TO
#41.
Parapet Gable High Hip
07 09
Clock Tower Widow's Walk
27 28
Low Hip
10
Tower /Turret
29
34. PORCH(ES) STATUS= ;A�i^ Jtj B Original Altered Not Original Reconstruction Removed /Fallen
1 r
Pilp. aw;
35. PORCH TYPE: A Z4i:i;`,l ';B _ ' Other:
1aj.,.
Engaged Attached Recessed Stoop
2. , 3 4
39. PORCH FEATURES: A.'i:'i: �:B _ C — D _ Other:
Chamfered Posts 'i =a'r1! Turned Posts Sawn Work /Turned Ornament Classical Flush Sheathing on Facade
2 3 4 5
Enclosed End Ba �s)"1J.� , }�M Porte Cochere Square Posts Metal Supports Bungaloid Porch stair to 2nd Floor
6 yil�} ,fit r 7 8 A B C
1 IT:
t1'
FOR STRUCTURES WITHOipUI IS,)GNI1cy,ICANT CHIMNEYS GO TO #46
41.
CHIMNEY STATUS:
A 1 B — Original Partially Rebuilt Replaced
Removed /fallen
52. DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: Estimated
Actual ,L
1
2 3
4
42.
CHIMNEY PLACEMENT: A Y B — Other:
2 3
1826 -1865 1866 -1885 1886 -1915 1916 -1930
1931 -1945
Interior
Interior End Exterior End
Exterior Front Interior Rear Exterior Rear
8
1
2 4
5 6
7
46.
WINDOW STATUS:
A ! B — C —
Original Altered
A. Type: 0 4E Dater Name /Event: �(�
a (`. a. tq"
1
47.
WINDOW FEATURES:
A XJ l B — — C — —
Sashes:
Double Hung
Casement Sliding Arched
Gothic Diamond Queen Anne Stained
Palladian
01
02 03 05
06 08 09 10
12
French Doors
Notable Frame /Trim Notable
Shutters /Btinds Other:
13
15
16
51.
OUTBUILDINGS AND SUPPORT FEATURES (IF ESPECIALLY NOTABLE, YOU MAY COMPLETE A SEPARATE FORM)
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Type:
L g rot n111 ! / I
/
l — — — — — —
— — — —
!
L
Construction:
Est Const Date:
I�
— — —
— —
Type: Kitchen
Slave House Other House
Garage Barn Tobacco Barn Smokehouse
Dairy Crib
01
02 03
05 07 08 10
11 12
Shed Privy Well Fence
Wall Cemetery landscape /Plant Material
Tenant House
20 23 24 27
28 33 38
53
Construction:
Frame Log
Brick Stone Modern Materials
Iron /Metal
1 2
3 4 5
7
Estimated Const
Date (SEE NO. 52 FOR DATE RANGES)
HISTORICAL DATA
52. DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: Estimated
Actual ,L
Pre -1780
1781 -1800 1801 -1825
1
2 3
1826 -1865 1866 -1885 1886 -1915 1916 -1930
1931 -1945
1946-1970 1971 -1999
4 5 6
7
8
9 10
54. PERSONS OR EVENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE ASSOCIATED
W /THE PROPERTY: (CODE
LAST NAME FIRST; SEE
#52 FOR DATES)
A. Type: 0 4E Dater Name /Event: �(�
a (`. a. tq"
B. Type: — — Date: — Name /Event:
Type: Trad Builder /Craftsman Architect Contractor Attributed Builder Original owner
01 02 03 04 05
Significant Later Owner Historically Significant Person Historically Significant Event
06 07 08
ENYIROUWKTAL DATA
59. SETTING: J– Rural, Undisturbed Rural, Built up Small Town Urban, Population Over 12,500
60. QUAD MAP USED: — — — 1 QUAD NAME: A Ad. tb 3 4
61. UTM DATA (NR only): Zone — Zone: 16 17 18 Northing — — — — — — — Easting _, — — — — —
1 2 3
RATIONAL REGISTER EVALLUITIOM (circle): Criteria A B C D Criteria Exception A a C D E F G
63. STATUS: (Refer to Manual)
64. CONTEXT /AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE: — — — — — — — — Other:
65. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE: Local State
r 1 .2
66. FREE COMMENT: S1'1m -r ca rf /84c).3 -Z-,
National
/, - 4 .r)
REQUIRED PLAN OR SKETCH MAP OF SITE (Indicate roadways by name and la6et of
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Sari Couch Farm
Chapel Hill Township
','„'1,8 Fri U o h r a, r I-i-I is t a S t pr e; s e. r,,,, e d a n t e b,,a 11 u rfi ftCrri I' I
in e], H i I i T C' w 1-1 p Accorc-`, i rig to ri-, i J. t ad it 3-. On ; S,73.fYI CrAAC 111
i . n - ra.ct Th e,
DJAlt. N,s -t-.vio-storY frame " 1� 8 13 0 t
knoll 1:;-eh-j.-rjd the house, is noted on the riap as couc'(-I
i o u nt. a. i rt "fhe h(„iu.s,,e iz ".)-n- c,-,f the, hoUISQ-53 i'C(
Chai")c-,! Hill buli)t olf fraria,; c o t 21. 0 n C) f J. n el
J, ri JL s h Ik :� h i rn T-1 s w i t h 1, t b s (r s f I a n k t OU. k9 T" I
ends of the house Bene,a -ith the Lull 'i fro-nt p(,),,--ch
z o r, a 1 1 u. s h s h, P.,, t. h i n 0 is -f u n d TI-ie house laz bays-
wide, cn-111.1-1d, has ia ti,,,io-pariel front. :. . CJ T" w sash kiind(-,)wS
de,,,o-rat).ve, --ornerblocked surrounds, and boxed porch supports
,,jitj-) unusual sawrajork brackets,
-r1he the bl,o.,,-:k is as -As the
"t hr: 1hall-ancli-pa-1-jor in-Lerio-r pl,an has . -ri enciosed
thi-1- 'f he walls are cove'read
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e '1..t. 1, t ,,, I r I a. n t a . 1, t ],r d
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can be f(..Yu,nd i
ouch vlh died I Ti 1,88 Th v-e mair i. n t h,' � fFtrflil t'lith - t 1- '-
orilginal 130 acres iTitact.
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Orange County 250th Anniversary Farm Festival
Oral History Corner
September 20, 2003
(Interviewer, To assist with transcription, please provide the date and location of the interview,
introduce the interviewee, and identify yourself the interviewer.)
1. Where (and when) were you born?
2. Where do you live? How long have you lived there?
3. Did you see something at the Festival that triggered your memory?
4. What do you remember from your childhood? What was your family life like?
5. Can you describe a typical day when you were a young person, how about as an adult?
6. Can you remember the house you grew up in? What was it like? Did you have a lot of
farm buildings on your property?
7. When did the County begin to get modern conveniences: paved roads, electricity,
telephones, in -door plumbing? What was your first car, and when did you get it?
8. What do you remember about attending school? Is the building still there? Can you
describe the school building? How did you get to school? How long did the school year
last?
9. What was the role of local churches?
10. What do you remember about farm activities? Do you remember when dairy farming
became popular? When did farmers start using tractors?
11. What impact did tenant farming have on the farming community?
12. What did you do for fun? Did you have opportunities for social events?
13. How have things changed over the years? Are these changes for the better?
14. May we contact you in the future for more specific questions for one of our projects —
driving tours or architectural history publication?
15. Can you recommend other people for us to interview in the future?
Other Topics:
University, Military Service, Impact of Great Depression —Wars, Natural disasters
Where did you go to town? Hillsborough, Mebane, Chapel Hill, Durham? And how often?
r) .y
Historic Preservation Commission
AA Orange County, .Urth Carolina
BOB
pB�
a IB
Living History Interview with
George W. Thompson September 20, 2003
New Hope Church Road, Chapel Hill, N.C.
GT: George Thompson
IC: Iris Chapman, Daughter of George Thompson
BU: Betsy Underwood and TM: Tina Moon, Interviewers
BU: We're here at the Orange County 250th Anniversary Farm Festival talking with
George Thompson who lives in Cedar Grove Township about his memories of
Orange County. Mr. Thompson, where and when were you born?
GT: I was born January 15, 1921.
BU: Were you born in Cedar Grove Township in Orange County?
GT: Yes, that is right.
BU: Do you still live in the same house?
GT: No, not the same house. I was born on the farm of my Father. Then I bought my
Uncle's farm and that's where I live now. It's been there about eighty some
years.
BU: That's wonderful, do you know who built the house? Do you know much about
the history of the house?
GT: The house I live in, or my Father's house?
BU: Did he build it himself?
GT: I don't know if he built .it himself, they had some carpenters back in those days.
That's been a long time ago. A Mr. Russell from Burlington built my house.
BU: Tell me about your life when you are growing up in Orange County.
IC: Tell them about Grandmama's house, your Mama's house that you were born in,
that house is way older than you are don't you think?
GT: Well, ah yes.
IC: That's what she's asking about, the original house when you were a boy.
GT: It was two rooms with an A -roof. One of the rooms was used for a kitchen and
then after the children grown up my Daddy added another A -roof with an
upstairs — what you call a two -story house. It was four rooms added to it.
BU: So that's where you grew up?
GT: Yes, that's right.
BU: Did you go to school in Cedar Grove?
GT: Yeah, we had to walk to school and we had one teacher for a while. Then after
time progressed and we had more children we had a second room. From first
grade up to about the 5th grade. Then, the fifth to seventh grade class.
BU: So two rooms?
GT: Yes, right.
IC: That's probably about at the end of the century, begin of 20th century when
White Oak Grove School... because you know it's definitely being restored. Even
though a private owner has bought it he is willing to commemorate with the
work that needs to be done.
GT: That's what my daughter was trying to do but.....
IC: We never did get the homes bought. So a private owner bought the home but he
is willing commemorate that with the African American Heritage of the 20th
century. Going back to Daddy's farm, Grandpa George was born ... no, Great
Grandpa Bob was born in 1859 and his father was George Wesley. The first one
was Bob (Robert) Thompson, Then George Wesley, then George Wynda
Thompson my father.
BU: Tell me about a summer day when you were a boy.
GT: When school was out, my parents and most of the people around there, they
worked, so ......
BU: Were they farmers?
GT: Yeah, all farmers, so we would have wood choppings and they would bring up
big stacks of wood. My older brother would cut that wood because we had to
cook with wood. When they were in the field or something and they needed
wood, my job was to bring in the wood when it was needed. Or get in the
water, I was the boy to go get water.
IC: He did that because he was the tenth.
.:
GT: Yes, I'm the tenth child.
BU: OK, how many brothers and sisters did you have?
GT: There was 13 in my family, six sisters and 7 boys.
BU: So what kind of farming?
GT: Tobacco mostly, but we raised everything; hogs, chickens, ducks guineas,
turkeys and, we had apple trees, peaches. Most of the farmers did that so they
wouldn't have to buy so much groceries. You know with thirteen in the family,
you'd need a lot of groceries.
BU: You were pretty self - sufficient?
GT: Yes, we didn't have to buy nothing much but salt, black pepper stuff like that. In
the wintertime they would kill four or five hogs, so you'd have plenty meat. We
had two or three cows and had plenty of milk and butter. My uncle sold the
farm and in about nine or ten years I had it paid for and I went ahead and built
a house. In about another ten years I had that paid for and I raised nine
children.
BU: How many boys and girls?
GT: Five girls and four boys.
IC: Yes and all of them are living. I'm the oldest.
BU: They all live here in Orange. County?
GT: They went to school here in North Carolina, but they had to go out to get a good
job.
IC: All over the world.
GT: They're scattered all over, one in Indiana, one in Michigan, one in Detroit one in
Charlotte, and my oldest would have been in South Carolina. But, my wife took
sick and she had an aneurysm and so for that cause he moved close to home.
BU: Aren't you lucky to have one in the area.
GT: Yes, that's right. Another one lives in Hillsborough but she works in Raleigh.
IC: The oldest brother lives in Africa.
GT: Yes, he went over there and built ....
IC: He worked at the Mental Handicapped Institute in the Sudan.
r
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I' YI
HIS YEAR MARKS the golden anniversary of my
love affair with the national parks. The first kiss?
Half a century ago, at Acadia in Maine, as the sun
emerged from the dark Atlantic into a lavender
sky. The second, at Yosemite, on a night the moon impaled
itself on the crown of El Capitan. Since then, I've visited
nearly 100 units of the National Park System — mountain ice
and desert grit, tundra plain and river of grass, red rock
canyon, monuments, memorials, battlefields, seashores,
wild rivers, scenic trails.
As a suitor, I face a lot of competition. Most Americans are
in love with their national parks, too. Every year between
Memorial Day and the Fourth of July more than one newspa-
per or magazine headline deplores the fact that the parks are
being loved to death by too many visitors. But in 2003, this famil-
iar story had a more disturbing twist. Career professionals
within the Park Service, charged with conserving the parks
"unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations," were said
to be facing a crisis imposed not by tens of millions of friendly
admirers but by a handful of decision makers in the adminis-
tration of President George W. Bush.
To sample the state of the park system and the mood of its
caretakers, I decided to pay a visit to Great Smoky Mountains,
the most visited of all the national parks. Straddling the
Appalachian spine of North Carolina and Tennessee, Great
Smoky packs in nearly l o million visitors a year.
When I last visited the park, 10 years ago, the Sugarlainds Vis-
itor Center just outside Gatlinburg, Tenn., struck me as a
cramped space with unimaginative exhibits and a lugubrious
orientation film. But now I found the center transformed into
a showcase of interpretive excellence,
bookstore, a spacious audito-
rium, and a five -star film good
enough to draw you back for a
second sitting. This $500,000
makeover was funded not by
federal appropriations but rather
by increased sales revenues from
the local natural history associa-
tion's bookstore. The film was
financed by campground fees
and a grant from the nonprofit
Friends of Great Smoky Moun-
tains National Park
. "There was a decision here
to stop whining and try a new
approach to doing business,"
said Acting Supt. Phil Francis.
"The idea was to get the private
sector more involved with
the park." A decade ago, he
explained, less than one percent
Cove at Great Smol<y
Mountains National Parl<,
right. The Commandant's
House in Charlestown
Navy Yard, Boston, above,
24 PRESERVATION JanuarylFebruary 2004
�i
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I
of park funds came from nonfederal sources. Now, private dol-
lars —and volunteer hours —cover a quarter of Great Smoky's
annual expenses.
But the park is hardly thriving. Like many of the National
Park System's 388 units, Great Smoky Mountains has a budget
inadequate to both serving its visitors and protecting its
resources. And maintaining roads and rehabilitating struc-
tures already show a combined backlog of $150 million.
Some of Great Smoky's 177 historic buildings— including the
nations largest collection of pioneer log cabins —are in desperate
need of repair. The park endures other problems: Invasive
pests, such as the woolly adelgid, blight Fraser firs andhemlocks;
poachers steal native plants for the floral trade; and traffic con-
gestion on peakweekends can turn the road to Cades Cove into
a movable parking lot.
Similar problems besiege almost every heavily visited
park —and have done so for many years. This administration,
like its predecessor, inherited them. But now many career pro -
fassinnals within the National
Park Service feel that they are
under siege, as well as the parks
they manage. Morale in the
agency is clearly in decline,
though employees are reluctant
At Shenandoah National
Parl<, where the brook trout
fishery has been damaged
by acid rain, pari< worl<ers
monitor water conditions.
administrators who in August 2003 addressed an extraordinary
letter to President Bush and Gale A. Norton, the secretary of
the Interior, asserting that the administration's policies were
"contrary to the mission of the National Park Service." Signed
by four former Park Service directors and 118 retired regional
directors, superintendents, chief rangers; and other managers,
the letter cited poor air quality and intrusive energy develop-
ment in and around the parks, then went on to deplore "orga-
nizational restructuring and management practices ... that
devalue or ignore the advice and opinions of professional
career leaders." This had prompted, the writers contended, "the
premature departure of a number of highly respected senior
employees, either from forced moves or from frustration lead-
ing to retirements."
One of those employees was Karen Wade, who left the
Park Service last September after a career of 40 years, most
recently as director of the Rocky Mountain regional office, with
supervision over some 90 units in eight states. "I resigned," Wade
told me, `because I felt I could no longer serve this administra-
tion as a senior manager. Our advice was neither sought nor con-
sidered when we offered it.
The letter to the President and the secretary also accused the
administration of "strangling the very core of park stewardship,
sidestepping the important issues that are facing the parks,
and ignoring the operational budgets of the parks.... [and] not
following the mandate to preserve the essence of the places that
collectively represent our national heritage. "
to speak of it for the record, and several senior officials asked
that their names be withheld from publication.
Former Park Service officials can afford to be less guarded.
Michael V Finley, who retired in 2001 after serving as superin-
tendent at Everglades, Yosemite, and Yellowstone national
parks, told me, "I was in the Park Service under six presidents.
It was never as bad as this." Then, as an afterthought, Finley
added, "I guess you'd rather be writing an inspiring story about
the national parks and the Park Service, but writing an obituary
can be important, too."
Finley is one of a coalition of former senior Park Service
26 PRESERVATION JanuarylFebruary 2004
THROUGHOUT THE PARK SERVICE TODAY, and among the
retired officials who signed that letter, one issue provokes great
concern: the perception that the administration disregards sci-
entific opinion in making policy decisions, even when these
adversely affect the health of the national parks. They "have
launched an attack on science in the parks," says Roger G.
Kennedy, who served as director of the Park Service from 1993
to 1997. "They don't trust the professionals."
Over the years, air pollution has ranked as one of the most
serious threats to the health of the parks and, in some cases, of
their visitors. The agency's own Air Resources Division issued
a report in 2002 stating that "air pollution currently impairs vis-
ibility to some degree in every national park." The worst visi-
bility occurs at Mammoth Cave, Shenandoah, and Great Smoky
Mountains national parks. Brook trout fisheries at Shenan-
doah have been damaged by acidification, and high levels of
ozone have injured foliage in the Appalachian parks as well as
at Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Yosemite in California. A concern
for the health of visitors and employees at some parks, notably
Acadia, has compelled officials to post ozone alerts when ambi-
ent levels exceed standards set by the EPA.
The Park Service has put much effort into studying the
effects of air pollution on parks and monuments. It has a team
in the national capital area that deans and waxes the monuments
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every two years and conducts studies in individual parks to
determine how to preserve historic structures — including the log
cabins at Great Smoky. Irn general, says one Park Service specialist,
the air pollution question is "huge," and highly charged because
it is so political.
.Under the Clear Skies Initiative proposed in 2002 by President
Bush, emissions from electric power plants and other sources
would reportedly be reduced by more than 70 percent by the
year 2018. But many view the initiative as an attempt by the
administration to bypass provisions of the 34- year -old Clean Air
Act, which was structured to reduce the same pollutants faster
and in greater amounts. Moreover, under the Clean Air Act, park
managers were given the authority to review applications for
new power plants and upgrades of old ones, and to provide sci-
entific data if it appeared that visibility and resources within the
parks mightbe affected. Clear Skies would abolish that author-
ity unless the new plant or upgrade would be located within 31
miles of a national park.
Bill Wade, who spent the final nine years of his 34- year -long
career as superintendent of Shenandoah National Park (he
retired in 1997), believes Clear Skies is bad medicine for the
parks. In a guest commentary published in the Denver Post last
September, Wade noted Shenandoah's location downwind
from a number of "older and dirty power - plants," and said there
were times "when visitors could not see the valley floor on
either side of Skyline Drive and the rainfall had the pH equiv-
alent of vinegar." Nevertheless, Each year some 8,000
Wade found his park con - bacl<pacl<ers trel<the
fronting a flurry of applications Wonderland Trail at Mount
for new power plants. Thanks Rainier National Parl<, which
to the Park Service's "scientific suffers from a $101 million
ability to analyze and model pol- maintenamebacklog.
lution effects in sources more
than 200 miles away," he wrote, "we were able to modify the
terms of many of those permits and even eliminate one.'
Had Clear Skies then been in effect, Wade says, pollution at
Shenandoah "would be considerably worse today."
Also troubling many people inside and outside the Park Service
was the decision by Sec. Norton to reverse a Clinton administra-
tion ruling that would have phased out the use of snowmobiles in
Yellowstone National Park In an earlier letter to the secretary, as
she was framing her decision, Michael Finley and six other former
officials noted that the agency's own studies verified that protec-
tion of parks and visitors could best be achieved by phasing out
snowmobiles while providing access on quieter, cleaner snow
coaches (buses designed to travel on snow- packed roads), the
option favored by four of five Americans responding to the Park
Service's call for public comment.
I had hoped to discuss these issues with Norton or her top
deputy, Steven Griles, a former lobbyist for the mining and fos-
sil fuel industries, but my requests for interviews were denied.
Instead, I was advised to check out the secretary's speeches
JanuarffeBruary 2004 PRESERVATION 27
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every two years and conducts studies in individual parks to
determine how to preserve historic structures — including the log
cabins at Great Smoky. Irn general, says one Park Service specialist,
the air pollution question is "huge," and highly charged because
it is so political.
.Under the Clear Skies Initiative proposed in 2002 by President
Bush, emissions from electric power plants and other sources
would reportedly be reduced by more than 70 percent by the
year 2018. But many view the initiative as an attempt by the
administration to bypass provisions of the 34- year -old Clean Air
Act, which was structured to reduce the same pollutants faster
and in greater amounts. Moreover, under the Clean Air Act, park
managers were given the authority to review applications for
new power plants and upgrades of old ones, and to provide sci-
entific data if it appeared that visibility and resources within the
parks mightbe affected. Clear Skies would abolish that author-
ity unless the new plant or upgrade would be located within 31
miles of a national park.
Bill Wade, who spent the final nine years of his 34- year -long
career as superintendent of Shenandoah National Park (he
retired in 1997), believes Clear Skies is bad medicine for the
parks. In a guest commentary published in the Denver Post last
September, Wade noted Shenandoah's location downwind
from a number of "older and dirty power - plants," and said there
were times "when visitors could not see the valley floor on
either side of Skyline Drive and the rainfall had the pH equiv-
alent of vinegar." Nevertheless, Each year some 8,000
Wade found his park con - bacl<pacl<ers trel<the
fronting a flurry of applications Wonderland Trail at Mount
for new power plants. Thanks Rainier National Parl<, which
to the Park Service's "scientific suffers from a $101 million
ability to analyze and model pol- maintenamebacklog.
lution effects in sources more
than 200 miles away," he wrote, "we were able to modify the
terms of many of those permits and even eliminate one.'
Had Clear Skies then been in effect, Wade says, pollution at
Shenandoah "would be considerably worse today."
Also troubling many people inside and outside the Park Service
was the decision by Sec. Norton to reverse a Clinton administra-
tion ruling that would have phased out the use of snowmobiles in
Yellowstone National Park In an earlier letter to the secretary, as
she was framing her decision, Michael Finley and six other former
officials noted that the agency's own studies verified that protec-
tion of parks and visitors could best be achieved by phasing out
snowmobiles while providing access on quieter, cleaner snow
coaches (buses designed to travel on snow- packed roads), the
option favored by four of five Americans responding to the Park
Service's call for public comment.
I had hoped to discuss these issues with Norton or her top
deputy, Steven Griles, a former lobbyist for the mining and fos-
sil fuel industries, but my requests for interviews were denied.
Instead, I was advised to check out the secretary's speeches
JanuarffeBruary 2004 PRESERVATION 27
and policy statements on the Interior Department's Web
site. Eventually I did speak with Fran P. Mainella, the director
of the National Park Service and the first woman to hold that
post in the agency's 87 -year history (Norton is likewise the first
woman to head Interior); she was previously in charge of state
parks in Florida under Gov. Jeb Bush. A cheery, well- tailored
woman, Mainella ushered me into her corner office over-
looking Constitution Avenue and talked about some of the
issues that had been raised by the agency's critics, She had
recently met with one of them, Bill Wade, the former Shenan-
doah superintendent. "It was a good meeting," she said. "We
have common goals. It's just that I'm trying to work within the
system to make these things go forward in a way that is pro-
tecting our resources, employees, and visitors."
I asked the director about
Wade's fear that the Clear Skies Visitors throng the
Initiative could hurt the parks. information desk at
"Clear Skies actually will help Yellowstone. Other jobs
improve air quality," Mainella involving maintenance,
said. An assistant secretary of the search and rescue, fire
Interior, she added, "met with us fighting, and traffic control
on that particular point because eventually may go to the
that is something that involves private sector.
Skies will give us the tools that we need" to protect the parks.
V
after Mitch Daniels, a Bush appointee and former head of the
Office of Management and Budget, reportedly referred to the
parks agency as the world's largest lawn -care service.
The j obs that involve cutting grass, hauling trash, and clean-
ing restrooms, say proponents of outsourcing, can be handled
more economically by private contractors. Critics of out-
sourcing, as well as Mainella, contend that many Park Service
maintenance men and women could not efficiently be replaced
because they are trained to perform additional jobs, such as con-
trolling traffic, fighting fires, and rescuing visitors. Last August
the Park Service Web site proudly hailed the story of a 10 -year-
old boy lost in Shenandoah National Park who had been found
by a search team of four park employees. On the National Parks
Conservation Association Web site, opponents of outsourcing
posted the fact that three of the employees were maintenance
workers with search - and - rescue training — something no private
contractor would likely provide.
Of some 1,700 jobs within the service that were deemed
potentially commercial, 859 have now been categorized as suit-
able for outsourcing, primarily maintenance and clerical j obs but
also including new or vacant positions for computer technicians,
security guards, engineers, and scientists. That number includes,
in addition, positions for historians, curators, and archaeologists,
and more of these cultural resource specialists remain under con- .
sideration, in what can best be described as a highly fluid decision
making process. Forty -three such jobs at the Park Service's
southeast archaeological center in Tallahassee, for instance,
were judged economically competitive and so remained official
Park Service slots; so did 46 jobs at the midwest archaeological
center in Lincoln, Neb. But as of this writing some 40 jobs at the
western archaeological center in Tucson, Ariz., were "still on the
table," according to a Park Service spokesperson.
Outsourcing was not invented by the Bush administration.
Its origins as government policy go back to the 1950s and the
desirable goal of trimming fat from the federal bureaucracy. But
many within the Park Service argue that there is no more fat to
trim. "Our people are overworked," says Rob Arnberger, a 34-
year parks veteran who retired last year as regional director in
Alaska. "The service is already kneecapped, and now they want
to outsource the staff. What does that tell uO It tells us that, for
lack of leadership and effective resistance in Congress, they're
tearing the service apart."
A measure of congressional resistance did emerge last spring
if W t ional office super -
POSSIBLY THE MOST CONTENTIOUS issue involving the Park
Service over the past year was the government's attempt to
"privatize" part of its work force —to auction off, in effect,
some of its 20,000 jobs to the lowest - bidding private contrac-
tors. Known also as "competitive sourcing" or "outsourcing,"
it is part of the President's aim to shrink the government.
Though other federal agencies have been ordered to study the
outsourcing of jobs considered "commercial," as distinct from
governmental, the Park Service came under special scrutiny
28 PRESERVATION Januaryl February 2004
after the revelation that the Pac Ic es reg ,
vising some 58.parkunits, had been ordered to absorb a 28 per-
cent cut in its structural repair and rehabilitation programs. The
diverted funds were to be used, in part, to pay private consultants
to study which federal jobs might be shifted to the private sector.
At Mount Rainier National Park, where there is a $101 million
maintenance backlog, the shift would have taken money ear-
marked for the repair of two historic structures and spent it instead
on an outsourcing study of 67 of the park's 112 full -time jobs.
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The order was later rescinded by Mainella, who testified at
a Senate hearing that there had been "misunderstandings." No
maintenance backlog funds "have been or will be used on com-
petitive sourcing at any location," she told the senators. More-
over, she said, no jobs at Mount Rainier would be studied for
possible private- sector replacement in the next two years.
Earlier, in an internal memo to her superiors at the Depart-
ment of the Interior, Mainella had voiced misgivings about "sev-
eral major issues" that would have to be addressed before mov-
ing ahead on competitive sourcing. A main concern was the cost
of the studies. "Consultant costs could be as high as $2.5 to $3
million," she wrote, and that did not include the indirect costs
incurred when park staff are "taken off other priority projects"
to assist the consultants. "The costs are too significant to be cov-
ered by the affected parks as some in the [Interior] Department
have suggested." Given continuing budget restraints, "covering
these [new] costs would have serious consequences for visitor
services and seasonal operations."
I had been .told that Mainella was reprimanded for the
memo. She denied this when I talked to her, saying instead it
"helped us to bring on good conversation for all." But she
downplayed the ramifications of competitive sourcing, prefer-
ring to characterize it now as "a competitive review that is
looking at a few jobs without asking the private sector to bid
against them." She added, "We want to improve how we do
business without anyone losing a job. "
The Park Service cares for more than 26,000 historic structures,
such as Lookout Studio at the Grand Canyon, above. Nearly two - thirds
need serious repair, with the bill surpassing $1 billion. At Great
Smoky, vandals have defaced centuries -old timbers on a pioneer cabin,
left. The 162 -year -ofd Federal Hall National Memorial, top, was
damaged by the collapse of the World Trade Center.
IN SEPTEMBER 200o, presidential candidate George W. Bush
announced that America's national parks were in poor condition
and that if elected, he would fix them. `A significant commitment
must be made to alleviate the $4.9 billion major maintenance and
resource protection backlog," a campaign paper asserted, "to
restore our national parks and ensure a positive legacy of pro-
tecting our cultural, natural and recreational resources for Amer-
icans today and in the future. Therefore, as President, Governor
Bush will eliminate within five years the ... backlog."
But after President Bush's second year in the White House,
"eluninating' the maintenance backlog had been changed —in the
Interior Department's budget documents —to °managing" the
backlog, or simply "addressing' it. Meanwhile, a report early last
year by Congress's fiscal watchdog, the General Accounting
Office, found that catching up with deferred maintenance might
actually cost as much'as $6.8 billion. The administration, however,
insisted that funding of the National Park System was not only
adequate but right on track to fulfill the President's commitment.
On budget matters, the Park Service's official spokesperson
JanuarylFebruary 2004 PRESERVATION 29
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is Dep. Dir. Donald W. Murphy, who for eight years served as
chief of the California state parks system under Gov. Pete Wil-
son. Murphy blames the administration's failure to eliminate the
maintenance backlog on a now - familiar culprit: 9 / 11. "When
the President came in and made that pledge," Murphy said, "we
weren't fighting a war."
According to Murphy, the administration has put $2.9 bil-
lion into deferred and cyclic (annual) maintenance over two
and a half years. He dismisses arguments that this is insuffi-
cient: "It's so easy to say, `We want more money. "' But the
National Parks Conservation Association believes more money
is critical. By its analysis, the administration took credit for
some $330 million in roads - and - bridges money that had
already been authorized before it took office. "They're just
moving the money around," says NPCA boardmember Denis
Galvin, the Park Service's second -in- command for many years
and its acting director during the first four months of the Bush
administration. "They're counting money that isn't new money.
It was already there."
The NPCA analysis shows that actual new money desig-
nated solely to address the back-
log came to only $363 million Funds for repairing
after three years —about seven Fort Jefferson at Dry
percent of that $4.9 billion back- Tortugas were cut.
log Bush promised to eliminate by 2006. What is worse, NP CA
argues, ,is that some of this money will have to go, not to reduc-
ing the backlog, but to new. and unavoidable facility mainte-
nance and construction needs."
For park operations in fiscal year 2004, the administration
asked Congress for $1,631,900,000, an increase of about four
percent over the previous year. To that, Senate and House bills
tacked on a few million dollars more. But a few million more
wasn't good enough for the 28 U.S. senators who last May
asked for $102 million more than the President was requesting.
In a bipartisan message that included the signatures of eight
30 PRESERVATION Januarffebruary 2004
r
prominent Republican legislators, the senators declared that
the Park Service operatingbudget "has failed to keep pace with
increasing demands being placed on our parks and is insuffi
cient to adequately protect many park resources. Business
plans developed for many of our parks illustrate an annual
operating budget shortfall of $600 million, or one -third of what
is needed for the service to fulfill its mission and operate the
parks effectively."
Of the $600 million shortfall, Dep. Dir. Murphy will say only
that the figure "reflects an idealized state of the parks, not an
accurate accounting of prioritized needs."
However pinched the overall funding, dollars flow more
smoothly when they lead to visitors' satisfaction with what is
known as "windshield tourism" and recreating in a natural set-
ting, But when the aim is cultural interpretation, historic
preservation, or education, funding falls short —even though
two- thirds of the Park System's 388 units are essentially cul-
tural or historical.
There are more than 26,000 historic structures in the national
parks. Of these, nearly two- thirds are in need of serious repair,
at a cost of more than $1 billion. Thousands of archaeological
sites within the system are unrecorded or threatened by decay,
vandalism, and theft. But the administration's budget request for
cultural programs in fiscal 2004 is W0,000 less than the previ-
ous year and shows a reduction in the full-time cultural staff as
well. In the construction budget, of 17 projects requested by the
administration and approved by the Senate but rejected by the
House, a full dozen involved rehabilitation of historic sites or
structures, including Gen. Grant's Tomb in New York City
and the crumbling Fort Jefferson at Dry Tortugas National
Park Mainella expressed concern for the Park Service's heritage
mission: "We need to do better getting the word out about the
importance of our cultural resources."
esources. "
MY INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE PARKS has left me with
more questions than answers. Is it possible that in another five
or 10 years I might return to Great Smoky or Yellowstone, Ever-
glades or Yosemite, and find them less threatened, the mainte-
nance backlog reduced, the scientists no longer ignored, the
budget readjusted to reflect the true value of these irreplaceable
places? I hope so, but judging from what I have learned in the
past year, I doubt it.
The secretary of the Interior does not appear to share my con-
cern. Last July, Norton delivered to the President a progress
report emphasizing what she considered to be achievements,
including the still- disputed figure of $2.9 billion spent on main-
tenance and repairs. "There has been a lot of misinformation about
our issues in the parks," the secretary said later in a conference call
with the media. "Our report reveals the extent to which we are
doing an excellent job in taking care of the parks." 1']
John G. Mitchell is a former senior editor at National Geographic.
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unted
Of owl
N®ry
vel ®per
Larry Pollard life story
s nearly unimaginable
)pe.
I is the person who
d the outlandish "owl
ibout the death of ICath-
arson. Last week, he sat
the far tight of the front
)urtroum 1, as Judge
Hudson found convicted
r Michael Peterson
ible for the wrongful
his wife.
1, I would learn, had
J -white paper copies of
athleen Peterson's
?hotos tucked in his
:n court, he looked iso-
e 55- year -old business -
)rney and three -time
trolinn legislative candi-
looked quite like his
er, Forrest Pollard.
It Pollard, at 53, was also
;e news once, in another
ial criminal case. April
—a huge headline in the
Morning Herald:
,ES ALLEN SLAIN IN
- Pollard in jail; No Bond
" The attorney was,
with the first - degree
if Allen.
voting occurred outside
ome in Hope Valley.
'orest Pollard's ex -wife
vis.Pollard, mother of
rear -old Larry. Earlier, in
call, the child had told
bat his mother was at
try club. Hours after -
e man who accompanied
dead on arrival at Duke
)urthouse hallway Fri -
oke with Pollard about
xible events: "It's a difff-
g to live through," he
:er: "You have your ups
ns in life, you deal with
id you go ahead,"
,led as a death penalty
t a jury convicted For -
ard of manslaughter.
illy, lie claimed Ile shot
vice, to protect himself .
i struggle. When Forrest
testified, he said, when
)out the second shot: "I
of my mind."
edge called it "a brutal
" and sentenced him to
Pollard said his father
By was paroled and died
ig our talk, while Pollard
:d what happened long
expressed strong empa-
Mike Peterson's children.
nagine how the girls feel,
no that will go with them
:est of their lives. If it is
A [that Peterson mur-
athleenj, it's unfair to
am with that burden.
are, we have brought
acts (the owl. theory) to
)solutely certain...."
•n, I asked if he felt his
lid not get justice-
: that somehow motivat-
today. "No," Pollard
-d. "I've never said I did
k my father committed
ne. In my father's case,
was served."
aver, Pollard said: "It's ...
ie stronger. Made me able
other things, and given
courage to stand up in
-titular instance and say
)elieve."
e's more. Dec. 17,1968, in
rham Sun, another giant
e: "Airport Plane Crash
Ilia Pollard." One of Pol-
der brothers piloted the
lane. Pollard, then at
ad driven his mother to
Mark Schultz, Metro editor Money matters
419 -6646; msahultz0hera1dsun.mm City Council to consider
Tammy Grubb, night metro editor employee raises
419 -5103• tgrubb@heraldsmn �$ It
Jonathan Ridrard, weekend editor
419- 6654•irtdk d@heraldsunco �tr11rr7PT't;li`ypr-r:rtTTi f -9-i-1
Durham Police Department to take over 3,000 Fort Bragg troops
security for DATA I C8 coming home from Iraq C8
th
e'" UP OR` temete'-hrrel 'an
y
en caskets in some of the graves former N,C. bIutual Life Insur- dential Options for Substance
Council approves restoration have collapsed, leaving deep once Co. executive and local his- Abusers to do the initial work
of historic black graveyard rectangular indentations in the Durham's who was active a The c very also agreed to spend
ground. Durham's civil rights move- $850 every three months for the
A group called Friends of ment next year to maintain the.3.8;'.
BY BEN EVANS The cemetery's supporters Geer Cemetery, which formed The group later requested acre property on Colonial'Street
bevans@hemidsun.com; 419 -6600 hope the maintenance will help last year, initially had hoped to that the city pay for the cleanup, near Avondale Drive in the Duke.
Geer Cemetery — Durham's galvanize efforts to restore and organize a community cleanup citing a statelaw,theitnuthpri es Park neighborhood. ;1
major burial round for black preserve the historic site, and arrange for regular mainte- cities tdi.maiatain or take over "After that, we would have
residentd until around 1940 —Is The property has no known nonce. The response was good, cemeteries whose owners have find funding. In other words }'
slated to be cleaned no for the owner and has been - unattended but special concerns involved in died or are unknown. they're giving us a year to find
First time since 1991 after the for decades, its headstones and cleaning a cemetery without dis- Earlier this month, the coon- out how we might find more
City Council approved nearly gravesites overgrown with turbing the graves complicated oil voted unanimously to hire the
$14,260 to pay for the project, scrub trees and brush. Old wood- the effort, said Kelly Bryant, a nonprofit group Tliangle Resi-
A DATABASE FOR POSTERITY I HERITAGE PROJECT
Karen Glynn (right) tries to help Florence Gilliard date a Gilliard family photo during a Durham Civil Rights Heritage
Project event Monday at St. Josephs AME Church. Glynn is a visual materials archivist at the Rare Bollk.
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library at Duke University. , f
� Civil rights snapshots
At St. Joseph's AME,
details reawaken in oral
histories, photographs
BY CHRISTOPHER KIRICPATRICIC
cklrkpatrickithemidsun.com; 419-6636
Three black students sat at the whites-
only counter at Tanner's Fruit Drinks &
Sandwich Shop, also known as Tanner's
Orange Juice, in downtown Durham. They
demanded service,
Instead, they were arrested, among the
first student sit -in arrests in Durham
County. The year was 1960 and the month
February, the same month and year of the
famous Woolworth's lunch- counter sit -in
In Greensboro that sparked a movement
across the South to defeat Jim Crow seg-
regation.
A lunch counter sit -in at Durham's
Royal Ice Cream Co. had taken place three
years earlier. But it was Greensboro's stu-
dent sit -in on Feb. 1, 1960, that inspired the
region, In Durham, students started a rou-
tine of marching from North Carolina Col-
lege — now N.C. Central University — to
downtown to stage sit -ins and protests.
John Edwards, the past chairman of the
Durham Committee on the Affairs of
Black People and one of the three students
arrested that day at the orange juice shop,
remembered Durham's student move-
ment oil Monday, Martin Luther Icing Jr.
He spoke at St Joseph's AME church at
2521 Fayetteville St. as part of the
Durham Civil Rights Heritage Project.
Anyone could walls though the complex to
look at old photos and listen to oral histo-
ries. Or they could and still can add their
photos and documents to the collection by
calling Lynn Richardson at the Durham
County Public Library at 560 -0100.
The aim is to build a database of the era
for research and posterity to be housed at
the Durham County Public Library. Sev-
eral more collection events will be sched-
uled, but the exact dates are not yet avail-
,- rr— „ to Le ,l "1"rr"mvr�lhr
"r` w Glynn (left)
�r 13 and Gilliard
? examine
another of
Gilliard's old
s family pho-
tos. The aim
of the Civil
Rights Her-
itage Project
is to build a
database of
the era for
N research and
posterity at
the Durham
�as71r flk j' County
Public
Library.
so donors don't have to surrender actual
materials.
On Monday, the oral histories provided
the kinds of details often lost in more
sweeping analyses provided by historians
or in textbooks.
The student movement grew and
included the local barbershops and beau-
ty colleges, school of nursing, Hillside and
Merrick -Moore high schools and others.
Students targeted the segregated lunch
counters and public accommodations at
the ICress, Woolworth's and Walgreen's
see HERITAGE i page C3
see GEER i page LB
and set.:. :
at X105
for assault
suspect
Out of hospital; into
jail for man shot by
officer he's accused
of pistol- whipping
BY ERIC OLSON .
eolsonWheraldsuncom; 419 -6647
A Durham man accused of pis-
tol- whipping a Durham police
officer and who was shot several
times by that officer Saturday
was released from the hospital
and jailed on a $1:5 million bond
Monday afternoon.
Ricky Franklin Swindell Jr., 22,
of 2836 Chapel Hill Road, Apt. 30-
I, was taken to the Durhnm Coun-
ty Jail on charges of assault with
deadly weapon with intent to kill
inflicting serious injury, assault
with deadly weapon on a govern-
ment official,
possession of a
firearm by a a ,%
convicted felon k
and possession
with Intent to
manufacture,
sell or deliver
schedule II nar-
cotics. SWINDELL
Durham Coun-
ty Magistrate Angel Foster set
Swindell's bond at $1.5 million
secured. He is scheduled to
appear at 9 a.m. today in Durham
District Court.
Meanwhile, Durham police
Chief Steve Chalmers said Mon -
day night that authorities are con-
sidering federal charges against
Swindell.
"Right now, we are discussing
the course of action that we are
going to take," Chalmers said.
"We are discussing the possibili-
ty of federal prosecution in this
case."
In addition, State Bureau of
Investigation agents are looping
into the incident, which is stan-
dard procedure in any shooting
involving an officer.
Cpl. J.N. Cates Jr. was
patrolling the Valley Terrace
Apartments, 2836 Chapel Hill
Road, around 11:30 a.m. Saturday
in response to complaints about
possible drug activity, police said.
Cates said he confronted a man
behaving in a suspicious manner,
but the man fled. After a brief
see BOND I page CO
f -
`��' PAGE C3
1FSDAY, JANUARY 20, 2004 THE HERALD -SUN DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA
TODAY QNE
HERITAGE
FROM PAGE Cl
ores. Black adults quietly pro-
tried financial backing. Wilbur
;ayes, who owned a grocery
tore, allowed tire students to
,arm up in his place. St.
oseph's, (now Hayti), opened its
ubbasement, where the stu-
lents would meet and strategize
n secret.
"We had a lot of support from
he adults. They were walking
and observing us Las we
marched]," Edwards said. "We
were the foot soldiers, and we
never had to worry about any-
thing because they always sup-
ported us."
J.C. "Skeepie" Scarborough
listened Intently as Edwards
spoke.
Scarborough remembered a
story not often told, he said, of a
black World War I1 veteran who
was making his way from Fort
Bragg to Camp Butner' and was
mistreated on the bus line in
Durham. Some fellow soldiers
formed a group and.drove up
armed in a military vehicle to
Durham.
Local leaders and the military
quietly smoothed it over because
lives would have been lost
behind that," Scarborough
remembered. "Not a lot of people
talk about that."
Before Edwards spoke, Scar-
borough, who owns Scarborough
& Hargett Funeral Home, looked
over some of the photos,
one photo of the HowardJolm-
son's Grille, on Chapel Hill
Boulevard, showed a mass of
black people, mostly students,
who tried to go in and get some-
thing to eat. They couldn't find a
W KIV
Naomi Goldston (left) talks Monday to Will Atwater at st. Josepns n,,r - -- -- -
re
experiences fort the Durham Jim Crow RightslHeritage Project, Durham.
which s building a database of r
oral histories and documents from the
64 period.
Duke from 1953-61, o worked as a nurse at the Veterans
A,4ministration hospital from ,
seat because of their color, Ire
said, remembering the day.
He pointed to his father's 1954
Fleetwood cadillac, parked in the
center of the throng of people
walling for the city buses that the
police had called to take them to
central booking.
On the poster board collage of
photos — many snapped
Durham Morning Herald and
Durham Sun newspaper photog-
raphers — stood example after
example of segregation and por-
traits of those who battled it.
They included the picture of the
White Ladies Only" sign on the
In lieu of flowers memorials
nay be made to the Aplastic
anemia & MDS Intern6honal
:oundation, P.O. Box 5B7,
4nnapolis, MD, 21404 -0613
tall -Wynne Funeral Service.
KiNSLEY '
DURHAM - Mr. Frederick
Lee Kinsley, 69, of 1808 Cole
Mill Rd., died Sunday night,
January 18, 2004, at Hosppice
at the Meadowlands. Mr. Kins-
ley was born in Lamar Co., the
son of the late Roy and Opal
Pickerel Kinsley. He was ,
employed by UggeB & Myers
Tobacco Co. prior to his retire-.
ment. Mr. Kinsley was a mem-
ber of Grove Park Chapel.
Mr. Kinsley is survived by
his wife, Myrna Dixon Kinsley;
a daughter, Karen Kinsley Gre
gory and husband, Ric. of
Charlotte; a son, Jeffrey ,.dd
Kinsley and wife, Paige, of
MemPhis, Tenn.; a brother,
Harold Kinsley of Sumler, S.C.;
and four grandchildren, Kins-
ley Gregory, Meagan Gregory,
Jordan Kinsley and Meredilh
Kinsley.
Funeral service will be held
Wednesday 11 a.m. in Grove
Park Chapel with Pastor 'Dal
Brooks and John Gordon offici
sting. Burial will follow in Oa
Grove Memorial Gardens. Th
family will receive friends Tues
day evening from 7 to 9 p.
at Clements Funeral Home i
Durham.
In lieu of flowers, memori
contributions may be made I
Alamonce /Orange Pris
Ministry, P. O. Box 804, Gr
ham, NC 27253 for the Pea
Center Project, which is
bathroom door at the downtown
bus station, and the picture of a
1963 demonstration at City Hall,
when a crowd of black protesters
blocked the entrance and held up
signs demanding racial equality.
The photos told the stories of
Malcolm X speaking at the Rox-
boro
Street Lodge because Ire
was not allowed on die N.C. Cen-
tral University campus. Another
photo shot in 1969 shows stu-
dents marching, with Duke
Chapel behind them, as a few in
front hold a banner that reads:
"Malcolm X Liberation School."
The students had just occupied
Wadesbo osr High School for c
two years, after which she was S
employed by the Department of fr
Agriculture to Washington, H
D.C. In 1938, she returned to
the Piedmont area, where she g
helped to open the first Social s
Security office in Durham.
In a quiet ceremony at Trini
ty Avenue Presbyterian Church I
on July 20, 1940, Eva Miller
married Laurance Davies Kirk-
land, Jr., a native of Durham,
graduate of Durham High
School, and a Phi Beta Kappa
graduate of Davidson College.,
'A banker, at that time Mr. Kirk-
land was a. captain in the U.S.
Army. The couple spent the war
years mostly in Texas, as CT_
lain Kirkland progressed to the'
rank of coloneL:Mrs: Kirkland
served as a Grey -Lady, and
carried out the many duties of
an officers wife with grace,
courage and distinction.
Following the war, the cou-
ple retumed to Durham, where
Colonel Kirkland resumed his
banking career at Morris Plan
Bank. Subsequently the bank
was recharrered as Guaranty
State Bank, and Colonel Kirk-
land served as its president for
Dale
many years, until his retirement
in 1968. Following that time,
k the couple spent many dayys
a and weeks at Mrs. KirkbIn
family farm in the Caldwell
m, Communiyy of Orange County,
n where Cc onel.Kirkland super
vised construction, forest man•
al agement, and other farm
o activities. They traveled exten-
on lively, making trips to China,
a- Russia, and England, among
Ce many others. Colonel Kirtland
a died on August 18, 1996.
After (heir return from army
. I u__ _I._
the Allen Administration Build-
ing, the photo caption said.
Another' showed the swearing
in of R.W. Harris in 1953,
Durham's first black city coun-
cilman. And another photo
showed Martin Luther Icing Jr.
= speaking in 1960 at White
Rock Baptist Church.
arolina, and a number of
ousins, nieces and nephews.
he also leaves many devoted
iends, among whom Russell
all, Tracy Hogan and Annie
Norwood have {yelped her
tacitly in recent years. The
toff of Hillerest Convalescent
Center, especially Michael
Shipley, M.D., have been end -
eesly caring and helpful.
Eva Miller Kirkland was a
woman of exceptional intelli-
gence, wit, and charm. Despite
many sorrows and challenges,
her sparkle and enthusiasm for
life never waned;,and her faith,.
in God and His plan always
gave her strength to do her,
duty, and to face whatever dif-
ficulties might arise.. She will be
greatly missed.
Visiting hours will be held
on Tuesday, January 20, 2004,
from 6 to 8 P.M. at Howerlon-
Bryan Funeral Home, 1005
West Main Street in Durham.
Funeral services will take place Avenue Presbyle 'an
at Church on Wednesday, J n-
ary 21, at 2:00 p.m., the Rev-
erend Donovan Drake
officiating. Friends who wish to
make memorial contributions
may do so to Trinity Avenue
Presbyterian Church, 927 West
Trinity or io Durham Re rooa
277()1, g
Hospital Auxiliary, 3643 Narlf
Roxboro Street, Durham, NC
27704 - Howerton & Bryar
Funeral Home.
These events acre scheduled:
M 9:15 a.m., YOUth CaarrCB aF
the Durham Workforce Devel-
opment Board, Durham Public
Library, 300 N. Roxboro Road.
■ Noon, Joint City- County
Planning Committee, 2nd -floor
committee room, City Hall, 101
City Hall Plaza.
B 3:30 p.m., 911 Advisory
Board, 2422 Broad St.
Y 530 p.m., Government
Liaison Committee of Human
Relations Commission, 1st-
floor briefing room, City Hall.
■ 5:30 p.m., special City
Council meeting on city man-
ager evaluation, 2nd -floor cam -
mittee room, City Hall.
u 7 p.m., Durham Bicycle
and Pedestrian Advisory Com-
mission, 2nd -floor committee
room, City Hall.
® 7 p.m., City Council meet-
ing, 1st -floor council cham-
bers, City Hall. Includes sched-
uled vote on midyear salary
proposal for city employees.
F1NL JEWELERS
Serving eke rdangle ror29 years
BB &T PLAZA
4015 UNIVERSITY DR.
Next to Neo-ahlne
490 -3118
fUf FRI lal�l 5,3orli • X llikh ?M
� hlelnber: hmedc;ul Cem Sucicly
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I 1
Edythe Saunders Loranger.
He is survived by one son,
Dr. John W. Loranger of
Nashville, Tenn.; two daugh-
ters, Lisa McFadden and hus-
band, Michael of Butner and
Cathy Loranger of Burner; a
cousin, Don Veniurino of
Detroit, MI; two grandchildren,
Edward and Abigail McFad-
den.
A memorial service will be
held Wednesday at 11 a.m. at
Christ Moravian Church, 404
W. Academy Street Winston -
Salem. The Rev. N4 Roulh wit
officiate:.. �'
Arranggements are bein
handled b Hudson Funera
Home; Granville Chapel
Cree'dmoor, N.C,
LEWIS
RALEIGH - Bonnie L. Lewis,
86, of Wake County, died Sun•
day; January 18, 2004.
Memorial services will be held
Wednesday, 2 p.m., at First
a___f_. Hnrinn Church. Raleigh.
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- .Serving the 7yiangie
since 1990.
4600 Chapel Hill Blvt
(next to Tll s)
'Durham • 489-292f
Mon: Fri. 9 -5:30
sat, 10 -3:1
4400 Roxboro St l'
(1'110 mile North of Norton R
Durham e; 479 -9981,
Mon: Fri, 9 -6:00 ! Sat%10 -3i
tIke R
his scareeregreatest
ith tDurpham r
and t
Harold also worked sfor me
of Chapel Hill. y
years in insurance sales anc
---- a
a funeral service associate v
Hall -Wynne Funeral Servicr
MASON H
) A member of Angier P
Mason, 82, of Durham, died n
nue B
his home. Mc Mason was b
involved in church choir.
most of his life in Durham. He h
Society, and waas {
'Corp: He was an employee of; :
Choral S
i Liggetticand M
many. occasions. H
MASKE
CHAPEL HILL - Gary
Fredrick Maske, 60, a Jackson,
Michigan native, died on Sun-
day, January ,18, 2004. His
legacy is tamed on by his
wife, Jane Pfarm Maske, his
children Buffy
and Fredrick,
and siblings
Larry, Mike,
Christie,
Kaihi, Terri
and Mary.
x G a r y
attended
Idaho State University and
served as a Vista supervisor in
Florida, founding a school for
unwed mothers, the first of its
kind in the country, among his
many services in charily and
Civil Righis. He settled in Hills -
borough and taught a genera -
lion at Orange High School.
He coached cross - country and
baseball, leading his Panthers
to the 1981 Mid -Stale 2 -A
two daug tars, an Beth Pollar Sanes of Dur
Shahed and her husband Sufi- two sisters, Alease Stetson
an of Durham, and Jennifer M. Elizabeth McGhee s otk
Wehbie of Durham; grandchil- Durham; Ihree br a e1s, t
dren, Lora and Nicole Wehbie lute Pollard and Charles
and Daniel Adman AI- Shahed; lard of Durham, and N
and one brother, Tommy pollard of Cary; a daughte
Mason, of Wake Forest. law Gerry Pollard of Durl
A funeral will be held 1 Pat Lisa Pollard
Wednesday at Howerton- Brian Pollard of Durham,
Bryan Funeral Chapel. The Rev. Mendoza of Corpus Cf
Richard Hedges will officiate. Texas, and JC Baucor
Interment will follow at Oak Durham; and a great gl
Grove Memorial Gardens. daughter, Hannah Browr
The family will receive wasg predeceased by his
Friends Tuesday night from 6 to Alan; his wife, Zane; an
B p.m. at - Howerton-Bryan sister, Pat Wilkins.
Funeral Home. Funeral services will k
---- a.m. Wednesday in the C
McCULLERS of Hall -Wynne Funeral Se
with the Rev. Cote Jones
DURHAM - Funeral services citing Burial will folio
For James Linwood McCullers Mo lawaad Cemetery.
will be 11 a.m. Tuesday, Janu- family will receive friend:
ary 20, 2004, at Temple Bup- 8 M. Tuesday al Holl -W
list Church. Burial will tallow in Memorial donations me
Maplewood Cantata . Arran- made to Angier Avenue I
gements by - Ha I -Wynne Church - Hall -Wynne F1
..., of �,HH
ine move comes m r•esponsr,
0,r�
said he now is
to a series of incidents along
3, advertising
DATA s No. 9 route, which runs
cr within the
through eastern Durham to
rr Police Depart-
'-
Durham Regional Hospital.
ment for four
In April, city officials rem-
officers to pro-
porarily shut down a portion of
„r vide the ser-
the No.9 route after three buses
vice to the
were hit by gunfire ht as many
Durham Area
weeks.
IALMERS Transit
Then last week, officers
Authority.
arrested two 15- year-olds sus -
"This is something that we
pected of being gang members
.d actually agreed to during
and accused in a shooteut
e 2003 -04 budget process with
involving a DATA bus at Alston
1TA," he said. "We wanted to
Avenue and Dowd Street.
tually provide the service that
Chalmers said Monday that
ey are receiving now through
police officers would be better
e security company."
equipped to handle similar inci-
Wackenhut Corp., a private
dents in the future,
curity company, has provided
"We'll probably coordinate a
med guards to monitor the
lot of information with the gang
+wntown station, a guard to
unit," Chalmers said. "1'm cer-
flow bus routes in a cruiser
tain it will be a lot more com-
A a third to randomly ride
prehensive, than what's going on
ises since last summer.
now."
"It's my understanding that
The officers providing secu-
ice we have the officers in
rity for DATA will be assigned
ace, Wackenhut will no longer
to the Police Department's Dis-
•ovide security for DATA,"
trlct 5, which encompasses the
iahners said.
downtown area, Chalmers said.
Four officers who work with
"All the details have not been
e Telephone Response Unit,
ironed out as far as the specific
hich fields calls from rest -,
times and dates," he added.
®ps ®®
drove away with the lights still
Y�Y
off.
are only 117 tombstones in
Cates then stopped the driver,
FROM PAGE Cl
Bennie Lee Cozart, on Taylor
- ��
Street and discovered that his
Hit chase, Crites said the sus-
driver's license had been
act pulled out a gun and struck
revolted. Cates also found that
in in the head as the two strug-
Cozart was wanted on charges
.ed. Cates then drew his gun
of nonsupport and violating pro- �...
id fired, striking the suspect
baton on earlier charges of dri-
moral times In the upper torso,
ving while impaired and posses-
; said. Both were taken to local
sion of cocaine with the intent to
tspitals for treatment.
manufacture, sell or deliver.
Chalmers said Cates is "doing
When Cates told Cozart he
ell" and has been released
was under arrest, Cozart
-am the hospital. However, he
jumped out of the truck and fled
iay be on inactive duty for a
through briars and over fences
tort time, Chalmers said.
to, Barnes Avenue. . Cates
"He said he just wanted to get
stopped ltim'behintl a house on
act( out, and he wanted the
Barnes Avenue and the two
community to lmow, we just
struggled.
on't turn our backs to crime,"
Cates reported that Cozart
halmers said.
then pulled Cates' gun from his
Swindell has a prior criminal
holster. However, Cates held
[story, having been convicted
onto the gun and hit Cozart with
i October 1997 of possession of
his fist to get it back. The two
°hedule VI narcotics and pro-
struggled until other officers
iding fictitious information to
arrived and placed Cozart in
n officer. He also was convict-
handcuffs, police said.
d March 26,1999, of possession
After being seated in the
rith intent to sell schedule II
patrol car, Cozart was breathing
arcotics, according to the N.C.
heavily but appeared to be alert,
lepartment of Correction.
police said. But when Cates took
He received probation for
him to the magistrate's office a
oth of those offenses.
few minutes later, Cozart was
And Cates, an 11 -year mem-
notbreathing. Cates and Officer
er of the force, has had trouble
M.T. Sykes performed CPR
zith suspects before,
until paramedics arrived, but
In 1992, Cates was cleared
Cozart died at the scene.
fter a suspect died in his cus-
The State Bureau of Investi-
ody just two months into his
gation then conducted an knves-
enure with the Durham police.
tigation and ruled that scratch -
Cates had spotted a truck(
es on Cozart's body were consis-
topped with its lights off on
tent with wounds from briars
11ston Avenue near Taylor
and thorn bushes. A medical
ireet around 9:40 p.m. on Oct,
examiner also ruled that Cozart
1, 1992. Thinking the driver
had an enlarged heart and trace
seeded help, Cates turned his
amounts of cocaine were in his
patrol car around, but the driver
system at the time of his death.
Mickey Tapp of john's Towing and Recovery walks back to his truck with a strap as he prepares to rightside an overturned
cement truck, which rounded a corner too quickly and turned on its side on Monday. The truck, owned by Carolina
Sunrock Corp., was traveling north on Roxboro street when it made a right turn onto an access road at 1 -85, and turned
over.
First waves return
with memories
A duty in Iraq
BY ESTES THOMPSON
Associated Press
POPE AIR FORCE BASE — A
;un- toting paratrooper who led
soldiers in blowing down doors
and disposing of ammunition in
Iraq became emotional Monday
as he described living conditions
he saw during his deployment
with the 82nd Airborne Division
"They're so poor, they don't
realize what they don't have,
said Sgt, list Class Mike Creager,
37, who hugged his 10- year -old
daughter Kelsey with one arm
and held his rifle with the other.
"The news on TV doesn't
reflect how the majority of peo-
.., ...
r t9 t
4 SA b
�• � < V, �: a a�.
t-
soldiers of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment march
in formation Monday at Pope Air Force Base after arriving from nearly a year of duty in
Kuwait and Iraq.
hosts i`Y�`6.e.'
• THE HERALo-SUN I MARK OOLEIS
One of the grave markers at Geer Cemetery on Colonial
Street on Monday. Though there
are only 117 tombstones in
the cemetery, records indicate
as many as 1,500 to 2,000
black Durham residents have been buried there.
- ��
for black residents, opened in
the annual Martin Luther King
1929.
Although there only ' 117
FROM PAGE Cl
graves with tombstones at the
p.m. today in the Student Union
Geer Cemetery, death certificate
funding," said Bryant, whose
records indicate that as many as
grandfather, great - grandfather
1,500 to 2,000 people may have
and other relatives are buried
been buried there. The known
there,
graves include those of Edian
The Friends group hopes to
Markham, founder of St. Joseph's
explore options for state or fed-
African Methodist Episcopal
eral recognition of the cemetery
Church, and Augustus Shepard,
as a historic site, a status that
a pastor at White Rock Baptist
might help them win grant fund-
Church whose son James found-
ing for maintenance. Bryant and
ed what is now N.C. Central Uni-
Jesse Eustice, a Duke Park resi-
versity.
dent who lives across the street
In 1991, an AmeriCorps orga-
from the cemetery, said they also
nization, Durham Service Corps,
want to further explore the
received grant funding to clean
cemetery's history.
up the site and conduct research
Eustice, a former history
into its history. The group later
teacher, said she is applying to
published a summary of its work
graduate programs in history at
called "Reclaiming Yesterday."
area universities and hopes to
"[The city is] going to have to
use the cemetery as a basis for
be a catalyst until we can get
her studies.
some other group to take it on,"
The Geer Cemetery operated
City Councilman Howard
from at least 1877 until 1939,
Clement said. "That is a historic
when it grew overcrowded and
site. I'm just sorry that it's too far
the city closed it. Beechwood
off the radar screen that more
Cemetery, a city-run cemetery
people don't know about it"
First waves return
with memories
A duty in Iraq
BY ESTES THOMPSON
Associated Press
POPE AIR FORCE BASE — A
;un- toting paratrooper who led
soldiers in blowing down doors
and disposing of ammunition in
Iraq became emotional Monday
as he described living conditions
he saw during his deployment
with the 82nd Airborne Division
"They're so poor, they don't
realize what they don't have,
said Sgt, list Class Mike Creager,
37, who hugged his 10- year -old
daughter Kelsey with one arm
and held his rifle with the other.
"The news on TV doesn't
reflect how the majority of peo-
.., ...
r t9 t
4 SA b
�• � < V, �: a a�.
t-
soldiers of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment march
in formation Monday at Pope Air Force Base after arriving from nearly a year of duty in
Kuwait and Iraq.
hosts i`Y�`6.e.'
es to serve children up to
years old and their families. Fc
pA
MLK blood drive
more information, conta+
The Blood, Organ and Mar-
Tierre Ramsey, communil
awareness coordinator at 40;
row Project (BOMP) is hosting
6960, ext.224.
the annual Martin Luther King
Jr. Blood Drive from 12:30 to 6
®��Jp owners
p.m. today in the Student Union
00
at N.C. Central University
e_
s�e�te �� ����
The BOMP emphasizes sick-
le cell awareness among
N.C. Central University's Ph
African Americans and is a
Beta Lamda student organize
partnership between NCCU,
tion will host an entrepieneui
Elizabeth City State University,
ship seminar at 7:30 p.m. Thun
Fayetteville State University,
day in the Miller -Morga
Shaw University, Saint Augus-
Health Science Auditorium.
tine's College, N.C. A &T State
The event will include discu;
University
sions with several local entrt
and the
preneurs, including Dart
Bridges Point
Beasley, owner of Selec
h Foundation. A
Seafood; Marcus Fryer, owge
1 $6,500 grant
of Fryer Management Groul
from the
Dolton Holloway, owner of Ho:
Bridges Point
loway Funeral Home; Ro.
Foundation '
Horne, owner of QAL Manage
and the Cor-
ment Service; and Whitne
poration . for
Rich, owner of Success Really.
National and Community Ser-
This event is free and open t
- vice isbeftgusedtosupportthe
.thepublic.Forinureinforila
blood drives, as well as orgah
:' ttori call Sonya Scott at 530
tissue and sickle cell screen-
6405.
ings, on each college campus.
To make an appointment for
n� a
®Y ®y�
NCCU's blood drive, call the
Department of Health Educa-
IYUee�i(��
and Girls Clubs:
tion at 530 -6422.
The John Avery Boys & Girl
'Spotlight'
Clubs of Durham are hostinl
on
their annual meeting from 6't.
A
Child resources
8 fig, Thursday at the Hoyt
Heritage Center. The public t
Durham's Partnership for
invited.
Children will provide informa-
The agenda for the meethil
tion about local resources for
will include the installation o
children during a "Community
new officers and board mem
Spotlight" meeting from 5 -7
bers, as well as reports from th,
p.m. Wednesday at the Durham
committees end the executiv.
County Library, 300 N. Roxboro
office. Refreshments will b.
St.
served.
Families will have an oppor-
, The Hayti Heritage Center i
tunity to learnt about education-
at 804 Old Fayetteville St.
al, developmental and instruc-
For more information, con
tional resources available in
tact Ted Fehskens at 687 -4517.
Durham County. Story time,
From staff report
refreshments and door prizes
will be provided. All children
gENDM$ Y®V9it NEWS.
participating will receive a
P p
i
ai ,Senddannouncementsto�'`
book The Spotlight will feature
new4heraldsu ii. com or by t1
"Booker Fox"and "Reader Roo"
to help children with bookselec
fatTto;4896837oneweek �.
beforetheevent;inIcIU41hga�
lions,
contact name and phone
Durham's Partnership for
s
uptber. 8nefs will run once'
Children's mission is to create
1 before "each event and IO the
and support innovative and suc-
°da-Meeeatievemn 5
cessful collaborative approach
a '
; �k Weather, stocks,
news ...'you name it.
r'a;jl};`. wwwheraldsun.commm
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