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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 06-07-1983 �K�� °�� 1 MINUTES PUBLIC HEARING JUNE 7, 1983 The Orange County Board of Commissioners met on Tuesday, June 7, 1983 at 7:30 p.m, in the Commissioner's Room of the Orange County Courthouse, Hills- borough, North Carolina. Commissioners Present: Richard E. Whitted, Chairman, and Commissioners oeu Lloyd, Shirley Marshall, Norman Walker and Don Willhoit. County Manager Ken Thompson outlined the budgetary procedures and summarized certain items in the budget: 1. Reviewed revenue estimate - o10,398,525 2. The General Revenu Sharing money (s300,000) will depend upon the decision from Congress to renew. 3. o30,560,049 budgeted for upgrading the quality of county services 4. ABC Board allocation reduced from $500,000 to m300,000' 5. Cost of living raise of 5% 6. Personnel reclassification study CaDitmI_Impzn.xeneo±s zocliEles51 1' Orange County Schools - $517,980 2. Chapel oill/Caccuozo Schools - s350,000 3. Orange County Government - s406,420 eribe Audience: representing the Chapel Hill Town Council, supported the budget and requested an increase in funding for the library and Chapel Hill Recreation and Park Department. Ralph Mason, Oaks Homeowner Association in Chapel Hill, expressed concern about the retired residents of the County , ` y . ' ~ Lisa Price, °' `' .'. • ^a_ - ' '' - , supported the Department's request for additional adult protective service workers: (1) financial problems of residents; (2) housing; (3) professional services for both children and adults; (4) long term support; and (5) increased number of adult clients. Dick Clifford, Chair, Orange County Day Care Coalition supported the request for day care: (1) cost-effective; (2) reduces number of children in special education; (3) reduces number of drop outs; (4) unemployment is lower so the need for day care has increased. Charsina Stone, resident, Jean Lobby, School Board member, oapbine Cheek, Kay Sanford, Chapel Hill resident, Sylvia Cameron, Patricia Odum, Linda Dumont, Linda Foxworth and other concerned residents of Orange County supported day care. Max Kennedy, Chair, Orange County Board of Education supported the budget for the Orange County Schools. Lily Hunter and James Davis, teachers, supported the 5% supplement in the 1883-84 budget. Linda Peele, Teacher, supported adequate funding for (1) progressive education, (2) removal of asbestos and (3) sewer and drainage cepaic, McKee, speech and language specialist at Grady Brown School and B. Alexander spoke in support of an additional language specialist. James Kirkland, parent, supported the Board of Education budget for quality education. Mike Heath endorsed computers in elementary and Junior High Schools. �8 4 2 onlkintis, Orange County principal, requested to have the asbestos removed from the cafeteria at Orange High School. Marie Griffin endorsed adequate education and facilities and an increase in the appropriation per child. Bob Baker, school board member, supported special education. Lindsey Efland, school board member, supported the budget request and endorsed computers in the schools. Ed Caldwell, Chair of the Chapel Hill/Carrboro schoolerrs-tem emphasized that the budget, as submitted, is reasonable. Ellen Winford, grade 1 teacher, supported the Chapel oiIl/cazzbozo school budget as presented. cii,ta 3 Las)_(�^,�*`~���^_�~ Phyllis Sockwell, member of the4Boaru, auestioned the revenue sharing reserve and supported data ` processing equipment and carpet for Culberth Gcbnnl, Several spoke in support of a larger facility for housing the sheltered workshop for Orange Enterprises. Henry Cobb commended the Commissioners for their interest and concern for Orange Enterprises. Nancy Aycock, Orange County Association for Retarded Citizens, noted that the program was operating under several handicaps such as too small of a facility and not enough programs to offer clients. Ben Brown requested consideration of senior citizens when considering a tax increase. Thomas Gates, construction worker, requested consideration of those persons who have been unemployed or employed on only a part-time basis because of the economy. Carlton Franklin asked about the problem of foliage disrupting a clear view at many intersections, spoke in support of no additional taxes and favors a 10 year contract for teacbers, Bobby Nichols - opposed the tax rate increase and supported the budget for the Orange County ncbools. Bunn Pope opposed any tax rate increase and urged the Board of Commissioners to look only at priorities. NO OTHER COMMENTS The Public Hearing was adjourned. Richard E. Whitted, Chair APPROVED 4/2/8h MANAGER'S RECOMIENDBD % NICE PROGRAM SERV S�E IA AND B UMWARY 60,06atq of 0 lqo 172 10, ORANGE COUNTY NOOTH CAROLINA CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, ORANGE COUNTY FROM: DATE: MAY 10, 1983, RE: PROPOSED 1983-84 BUDGET Transmitted herewith is the 1983-84 proposed budget for Board review and approval. it includes prior and current year expenditures (the latter projected to June 30, 1983) , expenditures requested for 1983-84 and that which is recommended after staff and department/agency work sessions on the various requests. Proposed expenditures are $20,560,049 for what could be termed a "maintenance of effort" budget. With few exceptions, services are held at present levels and within available revenue assuming no tax rate change. Where costs are necessarily higher there have been cuts and reductions in previously overbudgeted areas to offset the increases. Revenue to support the expenditure derives from projected income of $20,000,549. together with a recom- mended fund balance appropriation of $560,000. All sources"-of revenue w5eniaddee8flamount to tea 4.8 waercet increase. This compares with past year growth of 6.99% in 1979-80, 1 . when a tax increase, 6.74% in 1981-82 and 3.11% In 1982-43. s. GENERAL FUND Recommended for the General Fund is an expenditure of $18,341,652. This is an increase of $838,717 or 4.8% over 1982-83. Proposed changes by department and agency were as follow: ORANGE COUNTY NORTH, CAROLINA 3 APPROVED RECO10 ENDED BUDGET BUDGET PERCENT 1982-83 ! 19$3--83 CHANGE Departments: ev C -- ounty Commissioners __ ___�_-_------__- 101,467_ 108,165 +6.6� Courts 24,405 ,650------ -. --13 -- ---_-_-----=44:1.1 Elections 83,568 109,461 +31.0% Register of Deeds 237,852 251,153 . +5.61 Sail & Water 34,238 35,965 +5.0% County Manager's Office 135,452 140,180 +3.51 Personnel. 73,928 78,623 +6.41 Finance 152,465 142,225 -6.7% Purchasing 64,212 73,931 +15.1% Tax Supervisor 334,402 363,159 +8.61 Tax Collector 118,179 125,054 +5.8! ,Child Supp. Enf. 73,939 74,020 30.4 Data Processing 342,327 238,1.73 .- , Planning 353,847 358,008 +1.2% Central Services 229,243 264,213 +15.3% Social Services 2,348,978 2,400,927 +2.2% . Health 1,048,556 1,038,905 -.9I Agri. Ext. 117,217 119,482 Recreation 257,121 274,947 +6.91 L� p Aging 21.6,657 225,976 -1-4.3% Commission for Women 19,137 24,164 +5.31 Sheriff 1,123,733 1,243,975 +10.1% ABC 26,900 55,623 +106.8% Emergency Services 592,636 647,973 +2.61 Public Works 788,007 788,152 82904 66 L,152,066 +2.81 Agencies, 251}1}0 2$,0144 +12.121 , Economic Dev. +7.91 Mental. Health 252,563 272,Sfi3 Libraries- .184,309 189,001 -l-2,51 Dispute Settlement Center 6,400 6,400 r Historical. Commission 3,000 3,000 ORANGE COUNTY , NORTH CAROLUNA APPROVED RECOMMENDED BUDGET BUDGET PERCENT 1982-83 1983-84 CHANGE JOCCA 35,903 37;124 +3.4% Museum - 4,000 +100.0% Shelter Home 82,729 79,404 -4.0% Phillips Project 7,864 5,618 -28.6% , Jame Mouse_.. - Tree Mouse 3,140 6,000 +91.1/, Rape Crisis 10,500 10,500 - Battered Women 5,500 5,500 - Women's Health 14,000 14,000 - Forest Service 22,500 23,400 +4.0% Medical. Examiner 10,000 10,00(3 - Schools; 668,408 701,010 +4.9% Current Exp.-Chapel Hill 21900,109 3,004,749 +3.6% Current Exp.-Orange 2,857,855 2,971,5234 +4.0% A summary of the recommended budget according to organizational groupings would show County operating departments increased 2.8%; school current expense funds increased 4.0% and other agencies increased 4.9%. Also in summary, total requested funds from all departments and agencies was $21,340,458 which would take a 71e, tax rate per $100 of value (16� increase) to support versus the present rate of 550. Several overall issues have been taken into account in developing the recommended budget. 1, Personnel Pay Plan After a year of holding the line on employee salaries, consideration was given to what increase should be proposed for cast-of-living stability. Recent months have shown lowered inflation, even brief deflation. However, when wage and prices are tracked over a longer span one sees the shifts that have been taking place. Since 1978 there has been a 57.1% increase in the consumer price Index. During the same period the cost-of- living adjustment for County employees has been 23.5%, or less than half of the Cpl. This budget includes a 5% coat-of-living adjustment to salaries for County employees and all locally � paid personnel of the two school systems. It is my feeling the County should do this even if the State cannot match the increase for State-funded positions due to State fiscal problems. There have been years where the State has made across-the-board increases and used automatic step advancements for its employees, which could not be followed by Orange County.° This can be a catch year. 1 ORANGE BOUNTY . NORTH CAROLINA 2. Position Classification Plan A principle under which the County operates is equal pay for equal work. Where job duties have been altered by a supervisor or an employee has assumed more responsibilities over time, effort has been made to adjust the job description, position classification and title. Personnel administrators study the situations as they are brought to their attention. Another means is through periodic position comparison within our labor market area. The effect in both cases has been to make reviews on a piecemeal basis, no County--wide study has been done since 1973. --- This budget includes $45,000 to update the classification plan based upon re--examination of all positions. Besides overcoming any iniquities that may exist, the study would recommend a plan of improvement for personnel records and personnel management. 3. Em to ee Evaluation Program Some of the finest employees anywhere in public service serve in positions of responsibility for Orange County government. There are several explanations for this. I would enumerate foremost the emphasis on excellence which is a tone you as a Board have set in so many gays. It is translated through the chain--of- command inspiring employees and attracting new employees who come for the challenging wont that is here. -Another explanation is the on-going labor devoted to raising productivity levels and improving individual performance. Every employee is important to the organization; if one lets down the whole organization feels the effect. At least once a year each employee's work is evaluated with there being two-way discussion as to what is being done right and what are the areas for improvement. Coupled with this since 1981 is recognition whereby an employee doing exceptional work is rewarded by receiving; a merit pay increment. This budget provides the means to continue these evaluations and award meritorious performance, albeit to fewer individuals because of funding constraints. 4. Capital Improvements Two issues apply with capital. First, with the uncertainty of the revenue sharing program being renewed by the Congress, what safeguard should be taken to govern the capital expenditure portion funded by revenue sharing until Congressional action is known. The program expires September, 1983. Two payments, amounting to $300,000, would not be received unless the program is renewed. It would seem prudent to qualify the 1983-84 capital appropriations to the three entities (County, Chapel Hill/Carrboro Schools, Orange County Schools) by making $100,000 of each appropriation contingent upon revenue sharing being continued. If the funds are not received they thereby would not be spent. ORANGE COUNTY . NORTH CAROLINA Secondly, the question exists of how much to devote to capital needs within the upcoming budget. Progress has been made by the school boards and County in coming up with elements of an eventual capital plan. Specifically, (1) expenditure information from the last 10 years was compiled; (2) new needs were costed•out and shown annually for the next 5 years; (3) there was agreement on definition so that each entity classifies projects in the same manner,(4) new major construction was separated from maintenance. It is clear from the latter that new long--term revenue sources will be necessary to make any appreciable progress on new construc- tion. Annual property tax revenue, on the other hand, should continue to be used to repair and maintain -- -------bu-ildi-ngs--al-ready-in-existence--so-that-the investment--of-previous-tax-----and-bond-pro.ceeds--.is-safeguar-ded-. _____------. - Staff analyzed each request, discussed details with school personnel and in some cases made on-sight visits. From these the recommended capital budget for 1983-84 is as follows: Orange County Schools $517,980 Chapel. Rill-Carrboro Schools 3501,000 Orange County 4016,420 The Orange County amount is higher in order to remove asbestos (5 of the seven buildings have this material as ceilings and pipe covering), re-roof an addition at the High School and Charles W. Stanford buildings 1 and 3, -perform minor capital and equipment replacement as might be prioritized by the School Board within available funds. Chapel Hill-Carrboro's allocation would be sufficient to cover all of Category I projects or a combi- nation of Category T, II and ITT projects as might be prioritized by the School Board within available funds. Much of the County allocation would go toward continuing work underway (Old Courthouse at $180,000, Northside Multipurpose Center - $58,000) . Other needed projects are for re-roofing a portion of the Cedar Grove Multipurpose Building ($31,000) , replacing high mileage Sheriff vehicles ($41,000) , lighting athletic areas at Cedar Grove and Orange. High ($19,9[10 and $20,520 respectively to be matched by the State with equal amounts), constructing a holding cell at the Chapel Hill Courthouse ($15,000) , securing the prisoner recreation courtyards at the Jail ($2,000) , replacing sanitation containers which are rusted beyond repair ($9 ,1100) , installing Garage equipment ($10,0001) , and securing a reservoir and water and sewer engineering report ($20,000) . 5. Law Enforcement Changes in patrol instituted by the recently-elected Sheriff, coupled with costs associated with operating the new Jail, bring about the need to consider a revised funding level for law enforcement. ORANGE COUNTY , NORTH CAROLINA The chief line to facilitate a higher level of patrol is the motor pool account. it pays for maintenance and repair of vehicles (through the County garage) and gas and oil for operations. The question is what mileage to permit as this governs consumption of fuel, maintenance demand and frequency of vehicle replacement. Before the expanded patrol program was installed the average miles driven per month by Aheriff vehicles was 44,633 per month (July, 1982 thru November, 1982) . Six months of operating under the expanded patrol program has produced a monthly average (December, 1982 to March, 1933) of 77,976. given the recent practice of stationing vehicles for part of each patrol hour and new estimates by the Sheriff of what will be necessary in the new year, this -----budget-provides-funds-to--main tain--a---68,.000-.-pex--month vehicle-oiler.anon..—B.udgeted__amount_-is_$179.,_520 versus. _ _- $125,800 in current year. .Tail operating cost is addressed under three accounts (the electricity account of Public Works, and board and provisions and personnel accounts of Sheriff Department;. Each one is adjusted to projected actual cost. An additional jailer position is included to bring personnel per shift up to the staffing requirement of two persons available at all times (excluding the Matron/Cook position) . Staffing to carry out other func- tions of the department is at or above other urbanizing counties - 7 per 10,001 population. 6. Schools Current Expense Recommendation is to raise the per pupil allocation from $571 to '$603. This could fund salary changes on locally paid positions through an unfreezing of increases or be used on a selective basis for some salary changes and meeting other current expense Budget priorities as outlined in the adopted budgets of the two school boards. 7. Revenue Losses Public Health, Mental Health and Social Services will receive less revenue from non-county sources in the new year. Each situation has been evalu6Eed as will be seen in the departmental analyses. With Public Health the loss will be $74,000 ($48, 120 from Robert Wood Johnson grant expiring, $26,000 in family planning grant). This budget reflects an increase in family planning fees for income- to offset that loss. the dental pro- gram is reduced $9,000 while fees are raised to make up $22,000. Other cuts in the department were made (dropping of a sanitation inspector position and reducing line items to more closely reflect actual expendi- ture need.) which net to a overall decrease of 1 percent. Mental. Health is to receive a net loss in grants of $67,158 (Federal is down $98,233 while the State is up in its contribution to $31,075). other revenue and fund balance available for appropriation is projected to increase $30,929 leaving $36,249 of unmet need. This budget recommends the County share to increase by $20,000 (from $212,563 to $232,563) to stabilize the program and in recognition that the agency will make further cuts and has made cutbacks in the past (lowering; $300,000 in program expenditures over 3 years). E ORANGE COUNTY , NORTH CAROLINA Social Services will have decreased State and Federal revenue of $63,214. This will be partly offset ($49,000) by other revenue ($20,810 from IV--D incentive refunds--securing parent support vs AFDC support, $19,223 from roll reduction in medicaid, and $8,000 in subsidy donations and $1,000 other) . County increase is recommended to (1) investigate fraudulent claims, (2) cover the cost of an additional social worker (func- tions to include rest home monitoring, chore service and to give added attention to discharged mental patients),and (3) raise general assistance to aid citizens- with emergency needs for food, clothing, shelter and fuel.. _.__..._._._11..__._SPECIAL SCHOOL-S1TPLMRNTAL__TAX_Etli!Ia--------__._.._._�___--.--------- _-------- ---_-_------------- Purpose of this tax is to provide enhancements which are distinct from and in addition to the basic education program funded by the State and County. There are 129.2 institutional positions connected with these enhancement programs. For them to be included in a cost-of-living adjustment an increase of .54� (from 14.6,� to 15.10 in the tax rate would be necessary. Such an increase is recommended. � - III. SPECIAL RE-VENUE TIM Dire district tax rates are recommended to remain the same pending further discussion with the district boards. The result of this will be reported prior to date of budget adoption. Rates are as follows: Cedar Grove $.06 Ef land .025 Eno .0.4 New Hope .035 Orange .03 Orange Grove .04 South Orange .07 Little Fiver .06 Southern Triangle .04 Damascus .04 Chapel Hill .065 Revaluation reserve is recommended at $52,500. Another element in this fund is the Orange County Housing Authority budget of $1,400,000. This includes the housing assistance payments, payments connected with moderate rehab units and County administrative cost for 6 months beginning January 1, 1984 thru ,Tune 30, 1984. ORANGE COUNTY ; NORTH CAROLINA Dogwood Sanitary District requires two more years of debt service payments (one in 1983-84, and another in 1984-85) to defray the $80,000 in hands to extend a waterline. Principal will cost $5,000 while interest will amount to $575. A tax rate of $.06 is recommended. s zY�Y�Y�Y�Y�Yok9e�caY$c�'e�'c�l�caY�EzE�e3e�c�t�e�e�'ttY3t9e�t>Y��s9c�t�e�es`e�Y�eie�c4k This then is the proposed budget for 1983-84. 'Expenditure and revenues are balanced. Expenditures are held within available revenue, assuming no change in the ad valorem tax from its current year rate of $.55 per $100 in valuation. After consideration of non-tax sources, the portion to be funded from property taxes is $10,335,203. This is up from the $10,001,063 in current year taxes, 3.3%. --_--- __ __--- A document of this kind is the result of much work by many people. department heads, agency heads and central office staff have worked diligently and are to be commended for their efforts and support in attempting to maintain service level within available funds. Particular credit is due Wallace H. Harding, Finance Directort and Patricia Stutts, Deputy Finance Director, for their work in preparing this document. We now stand ready as a staff to answer your questions and gather the additional information you will need to decide the many issues involved. Kenneth R. Th mpson KRT:nm } ORANGE COUNTY . NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL FUND SCHEDULE OF REVENUES 1983 = )1984 1981 - 82 1982 _ 1983 1983 - 1984 ACTUAL , BUDGET ESTIMATE RECOMMENDED PROPERTY ---- PROPERTY TAXES Curtent.°Year-ILevy......_ 91613),978 10 001 063 1M49,325 325 10 335 203 Prior Year's l:ColZectioft,xr, 209 803 1501 000 200 000 225,000 Penalties & Interest 77,235 43 000 70P000. 76,500 Payments in Lieu of Taxes 205 1 300,, 2 179 194 Total Property Taxes 9,901,221 10,199,363 103,321,504 10,636,897 OTHER TAXES Local Option Sales Tax 2,028 407 2 102 0 O ;2'105;000 2,250,000 Animal Tax 33 368 32;000 33,000 33 i�000 Franchise Tax 2 025 22500 13 753 14,000 Total Other Taxes 2,063,800 '2,136,500 2,151,753 2,297,000 LICENSE & PERMITS Privilege License 8 855 10 000 10 000 10 000 Electrical Inspections 26F429 25,000 - 26,631 34,300 Building Inspections 353,845 33 250 41 709 52,100 Plumbing Inspections 6 241 7 250 7 190 87,350 Mechanical Inspections 2,742 6 900 6 945 8,985 Total License & Permits 80,112 82,400 92,475 113,735 INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE Social Service Programs 1$193P.0_42 1 33.3 699 11313,699 i 263 428 Support Enforcement 33 903 52,900 55,900 79,300 Health Programs 227,621 * 255,996 258,110 1823010 Aging Problems 61,854 97,592 97,092 1-05,693 Criminal Justice 10 890 12,392 12;392 $ 674 Planning Grant 5,143 Veteran's Service 1 000 I).000 1,000 1 000 Human Resources Grant(CBAX 57 351 50$651 50 651 412261 � Land Titles Grant 2,000 11 ,000 1,000 Energy Grant 2,500 Z 500 ORANGE COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL FUND SCHEDULE OF REVENUES t 1983 - 1984 1981 - 1982 1982 - 1983 1983 - 1984 ACTUAL BUDGET ESTIMATE RECOMMENDED APPROVED _ --------Gene ral--Revenge Sharing_ _.__52.5--601 _ ___ 500 000 550 000 600 000 Old Courthouse Restoration Grant 251,000 25,000 State Shared Revenue ABC Board 543 017 500 OOO 500,000 500 000 ABC Rehabilitation 39 770 40 000 40,000 40).000 Intangibles Tax 633Z521 605,355 1 633,521 680 000 Beer & Wine Tax 130,146 134,000 133528 136,000 Total Intergovernmental Revenues 3,464,819 3,502,085 3,674,393 3,637,366 CHARGES FOR SERVICES ABC Board 262-900 26,900 55 623 Register of Deeds' Fees 164 934 156 000 169,000 179,000 4 Consolidated Tax Collec- Lion 29j442 27,000 27,000 27 000 1 Data Processing Charges- Carrboro 12 00€1 Court Facility Fees 45,439 33,000 40,000 40,000 Health Services Fees 51-7091 60).164 547,050 66 280 Rental Health Fees (separate fund) 42,U00 .377000 64 373 Recreation Programs 32,583 35,347 35,347 35,347 Officers' Fees 46 450 38,000 46,000 46 000 Telephone & Utility Charges 20,520 26,736 21,000 21,000 Election Fees 12,609 500 1,400 8,100 Social Services Charges 8 655 7,500 7,500 . 7,500 Dog Program Fees 12965 4,037 2 000 2 000 Jail Fees 2 359 6,505 7,005 5 000 Aging -- HHA Fees 25,656 45,804 36,100 38,500 Planning Fees 24,565 _ ___ 12,100 500 29129 ORANGE COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL FUND SCHEDULE OF REVENUES 1983 - 1984 1981 - 1982 1982 - 1983 1983 1984 ACTUAL BUDGET ESTIMATE RECOMMENDED APPROVED G66 Total Charges for Services _• 73,768 543,593 560,602 637,018 Interest an investments "3445795 317,352 287,158 315,000 OTHER REVENUE Water & Sewer Reimburse- ment 45,441 45,000 45 391 452391 Special Assessments 212.279 19,000 292400 221300 IV-D, Refunds 34,113 20X250 25,000 20,810 Sales Tax Refunds 15,318 16 000 25,000 16,000 Donations 57782 8,850 6,400 9,400 Motor Fuel Refunds 5,423 7,000 MOO 8,000 Rents 22550 22400 1,765 2,135 Other 13M4 38$600 28,800 20,600 Total Other Revenues 143,800 157,100 169,756 144,636 Balance Forwarded: Tranifer From Other Funds 60)196 60P196 Total""Revenues & Transfers 16,472,315 17,0981589 17,317,837 17,781,652 Fund Balance Appropriation 404,346 98,248 560,000 TOTAL 1624722315 17,502,935 17;1416Z085 18:1341,652 1.1 ran? 1-10 u1tty c.unerat f wu#. ✓ � �trceni y of <A X.evenus. . � q J ory o of SeYeriut. 1 pi 1983 -- 8+ i I I " i 1 58.z % • Satr J flvtrrano ' State I _ Slits eiii /L. 3% m t 5 H v1 p 4 O ur 34.venugs 4�iscnse s c`ur'd 3$xmi s .4 if, 17_ tinting 'tis"n Llitkt al, pawl. 1 Atcs tt of 'rota i3ud5ek inj eategor7 1 trui.furl 1tj i983- 84 J • i 1 , JP. ' V4 , 1 f ■ 1 I 1 ti I 1 I , , -- 1 I N. vlr .-VtductilL n.. Ss. 1 Vr i. U. i I 1 i 1 I i i I - 13— 1