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Home My WebLink AboutAgenda - 10-19-1993 - IV-B 1 ORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMNIISSIONERS ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT Meeting Date: October 19. 1993 Action Agenda Item # ZV-$ SUBJECT: COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT PLAN - ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO ESTUARINE STUDY DEPARTMENT: Planning PUBLIC HEARING: Yes_X No ATTACHMENT(S): INFORMATION CONTACT:, Summary Sheet-Recommended Planning Director X2592 Management Actions Executive Summary - PHONE NUMBERS: Comprehensive Conservation Hillsborough 732-8181 &Management Plan Mebane 227-2031 (Separate Enclosure) Durham 688-7331 Location Map Chapel Hill 967-9251 Resolution of Support PURPOSE: To consider adoption of a resolution supporting a proposed Conservation& Management Plan for the Albemarle-Pamlico Region. BACKGROUND: The widespread degradation of major estuaries across the United States prompted the EPA to begin working with states to better manage these vital ecosystems. Although the Albemarle-Pamlico estuary is not critically degraded, the State of North Carolina, in cooperation with the EPA, initiated a study of the estuary in 1987. The goal of the study has been to produce a Comprehensive Conservation&Management Plan (CCMP) for the estuary which will recommend potential environmental protection strategies for the Albemarle and Pamlico estuarine system and watershed. The actual writing of the CCMP began in early 1992. As of March, 1993, the CCMP had been through two public reviews and considerable internal revision by study committees. A third draft was completed in July, and a series of public hearings are to be conducted this month (October) to receive public comment on the third draft document (see attached Summary Sheet for dates and locations). Mr. Joe Hollowell, a representative of the N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, presented a report on the estuarine study to the Board of Commissioners at its June 7, 1993 meeting. With the completion of the third draft of the CCMP, Mr. Hollowell provided staff with an executive summary and supporting technical reports for review. The CCMP addresses three main environmental concerns or goals - water quality, vital habitats, and fisheries - as well as the need for public education(stewardship) 2 and involvement(implementation). The objectives and management actions recommended for accomplishing each goal are listed on the attached summary sheet. A summary of the CCMP entitled A Guide to Environmental&Economic Stewardship in the Albemarle-Pamlico Region has also been provided as a separate enclosure. Staff has reviewed the CCMP Summary as well as the accompanying Technical Support Document and found that Orange County's long-standing accomplishments in the area of watershed protection to be consistent with the recommended goals, objectives, and management actions recommended in the CCMP. A series of public hearings is being held October 12-19, 1993 at various locations throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico region for the purpose of receiving public comment on the CCMP. In lieu of attending one of the hearings, the Commissioners may adopt a resolution supporting the CCMP which will be forwarded to the APES Public Involvement Office. Although the attached summary sheet indicates that the deadline for receipt of comments is October 19, Mr. Hollowell has indicated that a resolution of support will be accepted from Orange County after that date. RECOMMENDATION:The Administration recommends adoption of the attached resolution supporting the recommended goals, objectives, and management actions as contained in the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for the Albemarle-Pamlico Region, and that the Staff be authorized to forward the resolution to the APES Public Involvement Office. ALBEMARLE—PAMLICO Comprehensive Conservaon 3 ESTUARINE STUDY and Management Plan A Summary of Recommended Management Actions ! Objective D:Reduce the risk to aquatic life and human health from aiming toxic contamination Goal: Restore, maintain or enhance water quality in the Albemarle Pamlico region so tbse It is fit for fish,wlldtlfe and Management Action 1: Increase efforts to assess and recreation. monitor the extent of estuarine sediment contamination, fish and shellfish contamination,and water quality violations;and to identify Objective A:Fully implement a basirtxide approach to water the muses and sources of these problems. quality menagemrnL Management Action 2: Continue to issue fish advisories as necessary to protect public health. Improve communication and Management Action 1: Develop basinwide plans to education about the risks associated with consuming contaminated protect and restore water quality on each river basin by 1999, fish and shellfish. coinciding with the Division of Environmental Management Water Management Action 3: Remediate toxic contamination Quality Section's basinwide schedule. The plans should include Where nrrAccary and feasible. planning for basinwide wetland protection. Management Action 2: Establish total maximum daily Objective E Evaluate indicators of environmental stress in the loads (TMDLS) and associated control strategies for all impaired estuary and develop new techniques to better assess water streams in the Albemarle-Pamlico region. qua S degradation. Management Action 3: Have all discharge permits renewed on a simultaneous schedule by river basin by 1999. Management Action 1:Continue to monitor and evaluate Management Action 4: Consider the potential for long- environmental stress indicators, including algal blooms, fish kills, term growth and its impacts when determining how a basin's assimilative and fish and shellfish din ays. similative capacity will be allocated Management Action 2:Improve techniques for evaluating Management Action 5:Improve the scientific models for the overall health of estuarine waters. understanding the estuarine system,human impacts on the system, Management Action 3: Develop and adopt better and the viability of alternative management strategies, indicators of shellfish contamination as soon as possible. Management Action 6: Continue long-term • comprehensive monitoring of the A-P system to assess its health and . s ;f`°® � a >x @ to target problems. • Objective B:Reduce bashrwide nonpoint source loading of Goal: Conserve and protect vital fish and wildlife habitats and sediments,nutrients,and tatitas maintain the natural heritage of the Albemarle-Pamlico region. Management Action 1: Develop and implement a ObjectiveA:Promote regional planning so protect and restore • . nonpoint source pollution control strategy for each river basin by vital habitat in the APES region 1999 as part of the basinwide management plans. Management Action 2: Expand funding to implement Management Action 1:Develop ecosystem protection and ,.. nonpoint source pollution control plans,particularly for agriatlmra] restoration plans for each river basin in the APES region by 1999. best management practices (BMPs) through the North Carolina Such plans should set coordinated priorities for habitats and critical Agriculture Cost Share Program.Develop a broader Water Quality and target areas most vital to the survival of wildlife,fisheries Cost Share program by 1995. Expand the cost-share program to an natural heritage. gr _ include wetlands restoration.Increase targeting of coat share funds W Management Action 2: Develop and maintain eccmate problem areas, maps and records of wetlands, fisheries habitats, and natural • communities, as well as occurrences of federal and state-listed Management Action 3: Continue to research alternative septic systems and other new BMPs to control nonpoint pollution. endangers and their habitats. Management Action 4: Strengthen current enforcement Management Action 3: Expand programs for the programs dealing with ground and surface water quality violations advanced identification of wetlands on a regional basis. from nonpoint sources. Management Action 5: By 1995, require all logging Objective B Maintain re and enhance the function and operators to submit a notice of intent to harvest prior to harvesting values of that habitats as necessary for the:an rtw!of wildlife, operations.Notice would be filed with the state forester. fisheries,and natural heritage of the region. Management Action 6: By 1995, enhance atormwater - • - runoff control by developing new regulations as needed and by - Management Action 1: Bring areas.with the highest strengthening eroating ones to protect water quality in all waters of .. Priority for protection into public ownership and/or management. the state by 1995. Expand.funding for public acquisition of important natural areas. Management Action 7: By 1995, implement an Management Action 2: Promote private stewardship of interagency State marinas policy that addresses marina siting and vital habitats through incentives and technical assistance to integrates BMPs through permitting and better education. landowners,local governments,and other interested parties. Management Action 3: Enhance the ability of state and Objective C:Reduce basims4de loadings of pollution from point federal agencies to enforce existing wetland'regulatory programs by 501,11M. 1995. . Management Action 4:Strengthen regulatory programs to Management Action 1: Promote pollution prevention protect vital fisheries habitats, which include submerged aquatic planning and non-discharge alternatives,where feasible,for all point vegetation,shellfish beds,and spawning areas,by 1995. sources to reduce the volume and toxicity of discharges. Management Action 5:Enhance the capacity of existing Management Action 2: Expand and strengthen the efforts to restore wetlands and vital fisheries habitats.Develop and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting implement a wetlands restoration program by 1995. enforcement program.Increase site inspections and review of self- Management Action 6: Establish an effective wetlands monitoring data to improve facility compliance by 1995. mitigation program to compensate for unavoidable permitted wetlands losses by 1995. 1 , ACTION PI__l Management Action 1 Develop ar. orgamzauona; framework teat would foster public education and involvement in Goal: Restore or maintain fisheries and provide for their decision making on estuarine issues b} 1995. long-term sustainable use, both commercial and Management Action Create tnnovauve 4 recreational, environmental education opportunities for adults,and for young people outside of school. Objective A:Control ovcrftshing by developing and Management Action 3: Produce and distribute on a implementing fishery management plans for all important widespread bases information on estuarine ecology and ! estuarine specie management issues,including cultural and economic aspects of the issues, Management Action 1: Develop and implement Management Action 4: Increase opportunities for management plans for fisheries that are important to citizens to communicate with members of environmental recreational and commercial fishing_interests. These plans agencies and policy-making commissions. would include recovery objectives for severely depleted stock Management Action 5: Enhance opportunities for by 1999. local public involvement in issues affecting the estuary. Management Action 2: Modify the existing marine Management Action 6: Expand involvement in the fisheries license structure to improve data collection on Citizen's Water Quality Monitoring Program and make the landings, fishing effort, and demographics, and to generate program more interactive with regulatory agencies. increased revenues for fisheries management. Management Action 7: Create a citizen ombudsman position within DEHNR. Objective B:Reduce bycatch in fisheries. Objective C:Ensure that students,particularly those in K-S, Management Action: Continue and expand are exposed to science and environmental education. development of bycatch reduction gear and practices, and require their use as practicality is demonstrated.Aim to reduce Management Action 1: Support the development of a bycatch in the inside trawl,long-haul seine,pound net,and gill comprehensive environmental science and education curriculum. net fisheries by at least 50 percent by 1995. Management Action 2: Provide for teachers at all levels ongoing opportunities to gain renewal credits in Objective C:Promote the use of best fishing practices workshops on environmental and estuarine education. that reduce bycatch and impacts an fisheries habitat. r -. v, 1' .¢. Management Action: Initiate a cost-share program z` :.' .,.r•,Mx ,,.,,. <. .„: mss..... ........ •.. .. for best fishing practices in commercial fishing by 1995. Goal: Implement the Comprehensive Conseriation and Management Plan in a way that generate,the greatest level :tl� ,� ,x,!<', " of environmental quality while using the most cost-effective i ,. ,:>;1: . ' and equitable strategies. Goal: Promote responsible stewardship of the natural ObjediveA:Coordinate public agencies involved in resources of the Albemarle-Pamlico region. resource management and environmental protection in . theAlbanarle-Pamlico region to implement the . Objective A:Promote local and regional planning that recommendation of the CCMP. ._ protects the environment and allows for economic growth. Management Action 1: Reconvene the APES Management Action 1: Support local planning by Management Conference to include a coordinating council and providing funding and economic incentives to local governments regional advisory committees by 1994. to integrate environmental and economic planning by 1999. Management Action 2:Coordinate implementation of Management Action.2: Provide local governments the CCMP. - affordable and accessible data from the state Geographic . .. ._._. Information System for use in planning and public education - Objective B:Assess the progress and success of - - r, within the region by 1996. iimp/ananting CCMP recommendations .,_ Management Action 3: Implement a comprehensive, - - -- - --._. . .. .._ i," Management Action 1:Develop an annual coordinated and proactive approach to managing the state's review' to assess the success of implementation the public trust waters by 1996. P by Management Conference and other involved organizations. Objective B:Increase public understanding of Management Action 2:Assess the health of the environmental issues and citizen involvement in Albemarle-Pamlico estuary and the success of implementation environmental policy-malting• strategies in protecting the environment C 7 •,i':`;. v r agar. -r✓/ %/ „,,,cr r i U,dd(/� w,i.y� /° j/ P,vi� llf.4w,� �i Tii.4'-.1.,-,,.".. r 1 E ; F- �A r': r f /. q s ) 1 Y "7 ti : .cal ) e tivo r 1I s l% k r G )1 a 4 _--- Third Draltt Public Hearings . . Public hearings on the third draft of the CCMP will be held at the following locations: October 12-Morehead City,Crystal Coast Civic Center(Arendell St.) ri, '' October 13-Greenville,Regional Development Institute(1st and Reade Sts.) �� October 14-Raleigh,Archdale Building(Ground Fl.Hearing Room,Salisbury St. ,,-1._..k. g r g( g r ry ) October 18-Edenton,Swain Auditorium(Court St.) October 19-Kill Devil Hills,Holiday Inn(Virginia Dare Trail) All meetings start at 7 p.m. Oral and written comments will be taken. 1 _ _ _ For a copy of the full CCMP,write to: APES Public Involvement Office,1424 Carolina Ave.,Washington, .._ I — NC,27889(phone 919-9464481).Comments on the CCMP can be sent to the same address.Comments must be received by October 19,1993. ___.. .... .. ___ ___. ._ _, Igl ORANGE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT 306F REVERE ROAD HILLSBOROUGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27278 yiJ ,,c r-z � 5l irk t.ra.w R t�l,�}1 1 s�^ x � — October 20, 1993 APES Public Involvement Office 1424 Carolina Avenue Washington, North Carolina 27889 To Whom It May Concern: RE: Orange County Board of Commissioners Resolution At its October 19, 1993 meeting, the Orange County Board of Commissioners adopted the enclosed resolution in support of the Albemarle-Pamlico Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan. It is being sent to you for inclusion in the official record of comments received during the October 12-19, 1993 public hearing process. Though not a part of the resolution, the Commissioners requested that your generalized map of the Albemarle-Pamlico region be updated to reflect the fact that 50 percent of Orange County is located in the basin. Thank you, and, in particular, Mr. Joe Hollowell, for working with Orange County and allowing us to comment on this very important initiative. Sincerely, a iud-eit.tJ -' Marvin E. Collins Planning Director CC: John Link, County Manager Beverly Blythe, Clerk to the Commissioners 5 AMELIA CHESTERFIELD \:.. IV .'..�. PRINCE PETERSBURG . - r�trIm� `` EDWARD OTTOWAY PRINCE �1-•_I: CHARLOTT DINWIDDIE GEORGE ye�,f '= LUNENBURG SUSSEX ISLE OF •'� WIGHT 1 HALIFAX BRUNSWICK VIRGINIA -"411 BEAD CITY SOUTHAMPTON • MECKLENBURG SUFFOLK CHES •i KE I VIRGINIA GREENSVILLE CITY CITY CASWELL PERSO NORTH- ogCid/ G,pQ/ NORTH CAROLINA HAMPTON s9 lLr leir HERTFORD n ��+ GO O oG4 f4s r91'. i FRANKLIN z BERTIE ii... . EDGECOMBE WASH- INGTON ilig CHATHAM liiii, DARE WILSON BE AUFORT I • • HYDE LENOIR ieit":og)000, CUMBER- ■ ' HOKE "ND SAMPSON TONES DUPUN 111‘, .... 7 ONSLOW ...---------'-' ROBESON Bl4DEN PENDER COLUMBUS NEW HANOVER BRUNSWICK • ALBEMAJRLE=I \ . STUDY 6 A RESOLUTION SUPPORTING THE PROPOSED COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO REGION WHEREAS, the widespread degradation of major estuaries across the United States prompted the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to begin working with states to better manage these vital ecosystems; and WHEREAS, the State of North Carolina in cooperation with the EPA initiated a study of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine in 1987; and WHEREAS, the goal of the study has been a produce a Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan(CCMP)for the estuary,including recommended environmental protection strategies for the Albemarle and Pamlico estuarine system and watershed; and WHEREAS, approximately 50 percent of Orange County's land area, consisting of all or portions of the Flat, Little, and Eno River sub-basins, is located in headwaters of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin; and WHEREAS, the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for Albemarle- Pamlico Region outlines a series of goals, objectives, and management plans for maintaining and restoring water quality and fisheries, protecting vital fish and wildlife habitats, promoting responsible stewardship, and implementing the Plan; and WHEREAS, Orange County has, since 1979, been actively involved in developing and implementing plans for the protection of local watersheds which are part of the Albemarle- Pamlico drainage basin. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED: Section 1: That the Orange County Board of Commissioners supports the goals, objectives, and management plans recommended as part of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for the Albemarle-Pamlico Region. Section 2: That Orange County will endeavor to incorporate applicable goals, objectives, and management plans into its long-range watershed protection program. Section 3: That this resolution shall become effective upon adoption. The foregoing resolution, having been submitted to a vote, received the following vote and was duly adopted this 19th day of October, 1993. AYES: NOES: ABSENT/EXCUSED: A RESOLUTION SUPPORTING THE PROPOSED COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO REGION WHEREAS, the widespread degradation of major estuaries across the United States prompted the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to begin working with states to better manage these vital ecosystems; and WHEREAS, the State of North Carolina in cooperation with the EPA initiated a study of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine in 1987; and WHEREAS, the goal of the study has been a produce a Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan(CCMP)for the estuary, including recommended environmental protection strategies for the Albemarle and Pamlico estuarine system and watershed; and WHEREAS, approximately 50 percent of Orange County's land area,, consisting of all or portions of the Flat, Little, and Eno River sub-basins, is located in headwaters of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin; and WHEREAS, the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for Albemarle- Pamlico Region outlines a series of goals, objectives, and management plans for maintaining and restoring water quality and fisheries, protecting vital fish and wildlife habitats, promoting responsible stewardship, and implementing the Plan; and WHEREAS, Orange County has, since 1979, been actively involved in developing and implementing plans for the protection of local watersheds which are part of the Albemarle- Pamlico drainage basin. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED: Section 1: That the Orange County Board of Commissioners supports the goals, objectives, and management plans recommended as part of the, Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for the Albemarle-Pamlico Region. Section 2: That Orange County will endeavor to incorporate applicable goals, objectives, and management plans into its long-range watershed protection program. Section 3: That this resolution shall become effective upon adoption. The foregoing resolution, having been submitted to a vote, received the following vote and was duly adopted this 19th day of October, 1993. AYES: Commissioners Gordon , Halkiotis , Insko and Willhoit NOES: NONE ABSENT/EXCUSED: Chair Carey DATE /e7 �� ITEM, ::: _ . ..\ • \ , ti • `\\` A Guide To DATE z2 ,,,,,9,/;.? ::.:.":„.:.:.......„ • & - ..........„. '.....1"..............,....., EC ONOM]IC 1T„.....,.....::::. .....:„... .,...s..,:."................... ..::::::...........:. STEWAJRDS1H[]llP E Ill13) In The Albemarle-Pamlico Region ............ .:::::-.,.--- ::::-?-1:::::::::::% ......:::::::::'::::::!:- ........,::::::*::::::::::! ............ ,.....:::„...::: ....,...-...:, ...........„...... .:.::::: .::::::::,.. ..:::::„. ...,::::„." :::::::„ ...:::::::." ..::::„ :,:::::: A Comprehensive Conservation n n 9 d Mann ement n m Plan Summary ry .v it , NN. ;,- - , . ...... ,.till:: ....... ti '‘‘ t ' -:::::::,--- ...::::::- ,,-;:::::::.* .„.::::::, .:::::::: ..,,,...f.::, :;:::::::„. \� k% t % *.1N\ 4 ,...::::::::::::•:k. .............::::::::•,, .,•„•,...• ;;;;;.•,.•••• . t .1 • .• \ .,7- \ ,- . \ - , .- \• ! :\• \ \ • ,, • . , . 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EDWARD ifartrAt OTTOWAY �� s�•� PRINCE friZP �1 CHARLOTT ...."1111111 GEORGE DINWIDDIE GEORGE Atio,LUNENBURG ISLE OF ' SUSSEX 1 WIGHT BRUNSWICK VIRGINIA HALIFAX ` BEA• CITY SOUTHAMPTON MECKLENBURG SUFFOLK CHESA•W.KE 1 VIRGINIA GREENSVILLE CITY CITY �� HAMPT- pCq„ c-4 1 NOUN CAROLINA CASWELL PERSO HAMPTON asp OFti �,1 A c., HERTFORD n f4 O f ■ 0.104.9‹,D 167 E y Wr :4 = FRANKLIN BERTIE Z EDGECOMBE WASH- INGTON CHATHAM DARE WILSON BEAUFORT JOHNSTON HYDE GREENE . LENOIR —1111%. CUMBER- PAMLIC• HOKE LAND SAMPSON JONES DUPUN ONSLOW / on ROBESON BLADEN ■ -� �' PENDER COLUMBUS NEW HANOVER BRUNSWICK ALBEMARLEI ]PAMLICO STUDY REGION PRODUCTION O COVER THE ENTIRE ALBENL&RLE-PAIVILICO REGION,YOU MUST JOURNEY FROM THE ROLLING HILLS OF THE PIED- MONT TO THE FLATLANDS OF THE COASTAL PLAIN TO THE WINDSWEPT SHORES OF THE OUTER BANKS. YOU WILL TRAVEL FROM PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY IN VIRGINIA :.. TO MOREHEAD CITY IN CARTERET COUNTY. YOU WILL CROSS MORE THAN 9,299 MILES OF FRESHWATER RIVERS AND STREAMS AND 1.8 MILLION ACRES OF BRACKISH ESTUARINE WATERS. THE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO ESTUARY-30,000 SQUARE MILES OF WATERSHED-IS THE SECOND LARGEST ESTUARINE SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES, SECOND ONLY TO THE CHESAPEAKE BAY. IT IS COMPOSED OF SEVEN SOUNDS-THE ALBEMARLE, CURRI- TUCK,CROATAN,PAMLICO,BOGUE,CORE AND ROANOKE-AND FIVE MAJOR RIVER BASINS,AS WELL AS BEACHES, MARSHES AND BOTTOMLAND FORESTS. WITHIN THIS DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC REGION,YOU'LL FIND ONE OF NATURE'S MOST COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEMS. • WHAT IS AN ESTUARINE SYSTEM? An estuary is a body of water,such as the mouth of a river,where the ocean's salty tide meets the river's freshwater current These seemingly incompatible habitats host a broad range of marine life.They provide a lifelong home for oysters, crabs, bay scallops and clams. And they serve as spawning grounds for many varieties of finfish. The Albemarle-Pamlico region includes the rivers, creeks and streams that flow into the sounds and marshes, as well as the fields, forests, cities and towns that surround them.The region supports an -abundant array of plant and animal life, and provides us with a rich natural heritage. It also is generous in its economic opportunities:Farmers cultivate :, its sods,fishermen ply its waters,loggers harvest its forests and miners unearth its minerals. The area's natural beauty attracts tourism and 's .... resort development. All are dependent on the estuarine system for their livelihood, and all play a role in its continued health. HOW HEALTHY IS THE ESTUARY? To the casual observer, the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system appears to be in good shape,especially when you compare it to heavily, P P Y en Y P o ulated and industrialized systems in other parts of country,such .... _..... ...... P P sY P try, as Boston Harbor or Long Island Sound. However,the environment already is showing serious signs of stress: :::!::.:..f�I ht. .. cent of:the.:freshwater r . :. xvers.and:strearns ua ��-- the Albemarle Eamlico, ire on are unfit for fi=sh propagation, shellfish harvestin or recreation, Art additional 34 percent are anly partialfy'supportu g he are::a ". ii- ;>:;>:;:;;:.:;:::•:i::iiri<>i'<:i:%. `%ii>::�':iZY..-.;� ::isi:;'r,;�:;:i:ti £i: i4«i�::•;:i�i:>Si::i i:ii:i'<'i'.` .,.:}i:i. ��' .• � ::: �.. ::i<ii::iii::;::;i:. .. •-r �..�•. ::'�:":i'i�'ii'::i:i:��:::�i:.....i'::•:::::::::''::::::::. •:::::<::26,6 1 acres ;o: ;:: x e..shell ish habitat are ;dosed....::; i; ;::'��::::;: 'i>4f•z�f #:i;'`ii?:;z?:;i`ii � ::: i>::: v:? :v::3i::::<s:;::':iis:'i:ii ::::: I�nsafe f evels o�mercury and dtaxin have been loured ..:';:.�.�: .... ...... ..............�.;:i;:; :::�:Vii;:}:ii`:;}"•i:'i:�:'::�::::i::i:i:.::.�::::i:.�:.:.::::::iii:�i::-.�i:�i::::�i:v::•::_vi:�:v:i::�i:iJ:'::i:::i::i::::i.i::i:.:J:::•iii::i�i: ::i�i:L:iii:. ............... .. .; .. ::C'!:v i'::ii:ii:ii ii:•i::'•`::+i)i.�ij.:i:v�i';::i:::i�:::i:: ;:• ::: :::::-:.:�•:::m is tissues msgrne areas >::;;. :.. ;;:> E Disease epidemics have been reported m f$n€sh blue:..:.::i • Througghout the region,;drainmg and filling o£wet <.. lands has contributed to the destruction of vital!fish lant and wildlife habitats • • F In some cases,the damage is irreversible. :.. In the last 200 years,half of North Carolina's original 10 to 11 million .... • acres ofwetands have been altered for a r,culture forestry and urban development.Of these altered wetlands,abouthalf continue to support some of their wetland function. The other half have been effectively lost. About one third of this loss occurred between 1950 and 1980. In recent decades, losses have been greatest in freshwater wetlands, saltwater marshes are relatively well protected. Other problems are at a critical stage and cannot be ignored.While progress has been made toward reducing the once-frequent algal blooms that killed fish stocks in the Neuse,Tar,Pamlico and Chowan rivers, fishermen and crabbers continue to suffer from declining catches and complain of fish 2.51 pocked with ulcers and sores.Also, . -2- ,, - :; excessive fishing, both recrea- I.--- `� S tional and commercial, has se- / \. --r • verely depleted stocks of summer �� 2.25 3-r''�* • flounder, river herring, striped ` bass and other important ernes. P p One of the greatest challenges ' 1-.7 '"` l 2010 facing the region is how to deal _ ! _ ) --1 `—x with population growth. _ ,l, 1.98 y : For many years,coastal develop- _ : !f ment was limited by poor roads; -' 2000 ' many areas could be reached only by boat But in the last decade,the 111 1.66 �! `",(1-0,47, population in the Albemarle-Pam- • •-\ lico region has grown by 19.4 per- \ cent,double the rate of the nation 1990 Population (in millions) as awhe year A/P Stud Area By the year 2,000, the region is Study expected to grow by 13.4 percent. Permanent Population 1980 While some counties will lose " population over this period,others will see growth rates of 20 percent or more. In addition, tens of thousands of tourists flock to North Carolina's oceans and sounds each season,increasing demand for roads,resorts, restaurants and recreational facilities. WHAT CAN BE DONE To PROTECT THE ESTUARY? The Albemarle-Pamlico region is one ofdiversity,notjust in its natural environment but in the various groups of people who live and make their living there. These groups often seem at odds with one another:Environmental- : • . ists want to preserve wetlands;farmers want to grow crops.A city sewage plant needs to discharge treated waste into astream;a fisherman suffers from declining or diseased catches. An individual may feel his or her actions don't have much impact on the system as a whole. But every part of the estuary is related.And the cumulative effects of these individual actions an be profound. Since 1987, a group of scientists, private citizens, and federal, state and local officials has been looking at how best to balance competing interests and protect the region's natural resources. The Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study,or APES for short,is an$11 million cooperative effort sponsored by the N.C.Department of Envr- ronment,Health and Natural Resources and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.It is one of 22 estuary projects nationwide. Four committees consisting of 95 individuals have guided its work. ^�These committees are known as the • APES Management Conference. Conference members represent nearly every group with an interest in the region:farmers,foresters,fishermen, environmentalists,devel- opers, business and industry leaders, university researchers, govern- ment agencies and local elected officials. Their goals were to identify problems in the estuarine system,gener- ate research where gaps in knowledge existed,increase public aware- ness of environmental issues and find solutions to address those issues. The culmination of this six-year collaboration is the Comprehensive Conservation and Management • Plan (CCMP). A As a result of these efforts,more is kno wn about the Albemarle-Pam- .var•EPA lico estuary than ever before. Be- cause of APES research, scientists now are aware of a"phantom algae" that has been responsible for at least 25 percent of the fish kills in the Pamlico and Neuse rivers over the past = two years.Life-supporting sea grasses have been identified and mapped so that these important i m ortant habitats can be protected.And a new comput- erized mapping system has been developed to help local governments quickly assess the environmental impact of proposed projects. The APES program has helped open historic spawning areas for shad and herring that had been blocked by dams and roads, and has replenished scallop beds that were decimated by the 1987 Red Tide. APES projects have demonstrated new methods thatprotect marshes, °" aquatic habitats and private property from erosion;control systems that protect rivers and streams from stormwater runoff; composting tech- niques that turn waste from agriculture and crab processing into fertile soil; and new fish- ing gear that reduces the unintended capture of non-targeted species. AT7A At the same time, public involvement in coastal issues has increased as a result of the interest generated by APES projects. Govern- ment agencies and private industries have got- FIN" Fl ten involved in protecting the estuary as well. Several industries in the region — Weyer- haeuser,Texas gulf and Union Camp—have installed multi-million- dollar wastewater treatment plants that substantially decrease the amount of pollution they put into the system. Polluters that violate environmental standards are being detected and dealt with swiftly. 4 The state Department of Transportation now thinks more about the environment when it builds roads.New rules require better control of pollution from livestock operations. And in 1988, North Carolina lawmakers banned phosphates in detergents — eliminating a major source of nutrients in wastewater. • To ensure that this progress continues,consensus is needed on how best to protect and manage the estuary's valuable resources.The APES • Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan, a common sense guide for environmental stewardship in the Albemarle-Pamlico ;.;::. region,provides the necessary tools for continued management,coor- dination and cooperation. The CCMP addresses three main environmental concerns—water quality, vital habitats and fisheries — as well as the need for public education and involvement. It also provides a framework for imple- menting its goals.During the planning process,the document evolved from a series of disconnected recommendations to a well-coordinated management approach. As a result of public involvement,the CCMP now addresses concerns about how environmental P rotection will affect economic growth. While the scope of the APES study did not extend beyond the region, many of the initiatives outlined in this plan may be appropriate for use in other parts of the state.These strategies are believed to be the most effective, the most feasible and the most immediately necessary to protect the health of the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine to P system. ...... .... ..... .:::. ........ ..... .::::::. WHAT DOES THE APES CCMP PROPOSE? The plan proposes objectives and management actions desi gn ed to accomplish the following goals: :> ::<>:Restore �naxntaut::.or;enhance:<.water..:;, uah ..an he :;::;:. >::;.;:: •. ::< Ibe�aaarle.-P rni1ieo re :on so: that;:it as fit for fish ....: wil :::ands .............. .. ::S Conserve anti protect vital fish and wildlife habitats, her� 4ii. iskrici:ci:i;;:±;<' c%isy^y;i?i%iSi'i>asi ':::i:; ti;:is is isi: :;>r:::::asi:::;';2:::Si=:;isSi;?2isSa :i':;::::`: :: :i:i;?i:z:isc::i:2:i:i:a ::.:.. :;::i•: :_;y;:::. amtauir fisherses and provide fox fherr long-teen,sustainable t se,both commercial and rec ..:......;: rea 'an • Promote...res .onsible stewardslu o€;f�e:;nafural re- .. ' sources o theaAlbemarle-Pamlico i Implement the Comprehensive Conservation and +Ian, ement Planin a wa that enerates the eatest level of environmental ali while us the mast cost-effective and equitable strategies S WHAT WILL IT COST? Many of the strategies oudined in this document are already being used by various government agencies,private citizens and businesses, and environmental watch groups. What the management plan pro- poses is a coordinated approach that will help make these efforts more efficient and effective. Where new initiatives are necessary, the plan generally recommends voluntary measures and incentives rather than mandatory regulation. • Implementing the CCMP's recommendations will involve increased costs to federal agencies,state and local governments,businesses,farms and individual households. The cost of administering the state and :.-. federal programs alone is estimated to be $12.5 million per year. In addition, governments will have to pay to acquire land, build new sewage plants,develop alternatives to septic tanks and initiate compre- hensive planning.The CCMP has attempted to estimate these public sector costs and to suggest possible funding sources. However,these initiatives also would entail costs to the private sector, • which are more difficult to quantify. ; In considering the costs of protecting the estuary, it is important to realize the tremendous economic value of these natural resources. Indeed, the price of NOT implementing the plan may be far greater than the relatively short-term burden to governments,businesses and citizens. If nothing is done to protect the estuary, fish harvests may continue to decline,tourism dollars may be lost to more pristine areas and considerable money may be required to clean up polluted waters. WHY Do IT NOW. Many people rely on the Albemarle-Pamlico estuary for their liveli- hood and quality of life.But what are we giving back?If current trends persist,we may be in danger of losing the very resources that make the region unique. The price of protecting the estuary may seem steep. But it is much more cost-efficient to address these problems now—while the region still is in relatively good shape—than to try to correct more serious problems later. Finally,investing in the environmental health of the estuarine system will help ensure that the Albemarle-Pamlico region remains clean,safe and economically viable for generations to come. • • . . • . •. •• . . „ „.. GOAL: Restore, maintain or enhance water quality in the Albemarle- Pamlico region so that it is fit for fish, wildlife and recreation. HERE ARE 9,299 MILES OF FRESHWATER RIVERS AND STREAMS AND 1.8 MILLION ACRES OF BRACKISH,ESTUARINE . 'WATERS IN THE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO REGION.BY FAR,THE REGION'S FRESH WATERS ARE THE MOST IMPAIRED.THE GREAT- EST CAUSE OF IMPAIRMENT IS HIGH SEDIMENT LEVET-S FROM NONPOINT SOURCES, AND THE GREATEST SOURCE OF SEDI- MENT IS AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. OTHER SOURCES OF SEDI- MENT INCLUDE FORESIRY, CONSTRUCTION, URBAN RUNOFF AND LAND DISPOSAL OF WASTES. ONE WAY TO EVALUATE WATER QUALITY IS BY DETERMINING . • HOW WELL IT SUPPORTS THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE AND ••• AQUATIC ORGANISMS WHO USE IT AND DEPEND ON IT FOR LIFE FOR FRESHWATER RIVERS AND STREA.MS, THESE USES INCLUDE RECREATION AND FISH PROPAGATION, AND WATER SUPPLY IN SOME INSTANCES. SALT WATER USES INCLUDE RECREATION AND FISH PROPAGATION,AS WELL AS SHELLFISH HARVESTING. EIGHT PERCENT - OR 744 Mn I FS - OF FRESHWATER RIVERS AND STREAMS IN THE REGION ARE CONSIDERED NOT SUPPORTING THEIR USES. AN ADDITIONAL M PERCENT ARE PARTIALLY SUP- PORTING AND 32 PERCENT ARE SUPPORT-THREATENED. (EIGHT- EEN PERCENT ARE FULLY SUPPORTING; 8 PERCENT WERE NOT EVALUATED.) THE REGION'S SALT AND ESTUARINE WATERS HAVE FARED BET- TER SO FAR OF THE 1.8 MILLION ESTUARINE ACRES 7.8 PERCENT •••••:: ARE UNABLE TO FULLY SUPPORT THEIR DESIGNATED USES; 4.4 •-•.'"' PERCENT ARE SUPPORT THREATENED. THE GREATEST CAUSE OF IMPAIRMENT IN SALT WATER IS CHLOROPHYLL A, OR ALGAL •. .,..... • --- GROWTH. OTHER CAUSES ARE FECAL COLIFORM (AN INDICATOR OF BACI.ERIAL CONTAMINATION IN SHELLFISH), DIOXIN AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN. :.•.. 7 -• Percentages of Surface Waters Supporting Designated Uses Fully 88% Supporting 1 ■ r11r■I R*� ■++ - :RR 11 1 1 -R ■ A • `>:' >;:::>:<: :,:>:::::: ::>:>:>:>::»>::>:::;<>:<:::>:>:<:<:»<>>: :;> :: : ::: : :::::: <::<::�>>;:> :>«:; . !iii;iniii:Mainingglitn.ii:;:ISMiNigl ,1;3 -Partially . u supporting 8� PP 9 .,.�R.r RKwR rrrr rrrr r r ■ ■ ♦ rrr rr. • i ■ ■ E • ■ ...... - i` (:i ii?iz : :'?i?:i R R11'YM' Y i: ;:;:2:yr:`R::i!::y:::iiiY;:;+: r rrrr. ■r M AA.r...l{....... .....1411......• :i:::::;:?.:::::;;::o:s::::::*Gi>n::;'Y;i:;:::i ::;;:::•b:%:;;:;?`:>Y:;: Su o - • :asi::::i�?i::'::rzi ii;iiiii<ii[;<i"i;'i iii�iiz?>iii<iiii`:ii:i:?3 ;? 32% ::;>:;::::>�:::: ::;:::<::<>::;:»::>: a . ::::>;>:::i::: :::::::>::>:;:;::>: ::::<:«:>::»::>::;>::»«::::>: ;:<:::<::: ... .......:.... Thr atened :i.. .��.*:w#Mrir�i`r'ir:Y:i �:wiiti: r.. • . ''�i: : ::::: : 2i^ X : :: :• s : r : s ::::^>::: :iii':: , :x::M,,,o>o-:::::::::a:>::::•::x:a:: .:=::::::.:<::::.:::::. :.:* • • :a 111111111 .11111111111 .: "- Y ■iii• •:..?i::i <:; : <i;;:i?'i>ii:: :i:ii:i:::i:9:i:':i`:::i ■Yr'�Irti i'�'-� :,,, ♦♦8% Supporting 0� ••■■■■..air' ... .t.. rirr.iiir :...:.>: »» »:�: .. ....... .......::.�::. Not Freshwater Rivers & Streams Estuarine & Coastal Waters The estuarine and coastal waters of the APES region are in good condition.Yet,they are subject to continuous input from the region's freshwater rivers and streams,which show noticeable ahle im a' irment of their designated uses. ■ P 9 NUTRIENTS AND T XI TOXIC CONTAMINATION Three of the major river basins in the region - the Neuse, the ::;:;.;.: Tar-Pamlico and the Chowan-are designated as "nutrient sensitive," •:.. meaning g antra that e t high nutrient levels create a a e natural imbalance and ....::'::..::::::.:::::if ....... stimulate frequent algal blooms. These blooms can cause dissolved .:" • ..... ..... oxygen levels to dip and may result in fish kills.Recent initiatives by the • Division of Environmental Management have significantly reduced pollution from point sources.Agricultural runoff is the land use that `` now contributes the highest overall levels of nutrients to the tem. ::<;> g A recent assessment of potential toxic contamination in the region found several river systems-the Chowan,Pasquotank, Roanoke and Neuse-with toxic levels that warrant fir ther evaluation for their risks to aquatic life,wildlife 9 ua wi and hu m an health.Dioxin contamination has been • responsible for several fish advisories in the region,but recent changes -', ...... to the chlorine bleaching process at paper mills should help to alleviate the problems with time. .. 8 SHELLFISH CLOSURES In the Albemarle-Pamlico region,21,611 acres of shellfish waters are closed to harvesting due to contamination from agricultural and urban runoff,as well as drainage from septic tanks in unsuitable• soils.Development along the barrier islands also has caused the closure of some beds. Shellfish closures are made by im*,/ rule within a certain distance of all wastewater treatment �� plants and marinas.Although this figure represents just 2 percent of the total 1.1 million acres of shellfish waters in the region,most of the closures occur in shallow,near-shore areas that "' often are high quality shellfish habitats. .': FISH KILLS AND DISEASES Reports of fish kills have increased in recent years.Although data is insufficient to determine if there has been an actual increase,fish kills are an indicator of general ecosystem stress. Many kills e ar attributed to low dissolved oxygen and algal blooms. In 1987, a Red Tide algal bloom caused extensive mortality in the ba scallop ty Y ATER • ::':. . ::::. ... COLUMN» <>><>' `=<< >�< « >><: ;::>:::. o ulation. Recently, a .•:.:.< ::•'•'•::::. P P Y ::' ::::•' :i'r� iii?49:. ,.... .::::: ........ V e .. -:>:�;:.... toxic dinoflagellate �N.: :;>:::::;; .......... was dis- <::<:: V. . #:.DINOSPORES:r ' ?: <-'•.>:»s: ': ' t1d covered ' CAE in the Albemarle-e- 5':::> ??> �<?`»>;� :» . >> ? PlAN01YGOTES=z> :s>»'>..>;::::>:. EA. :.:;::::;;;>;•<:.;:.;.:.:;. ;;::..:: :<.;;:: :;:;.;::;; Pamlico system that ?:FEED O N :: Y } has s:iiiii ::>:z::i:i?:> » :11 DI7:?.L. E. ::>. :ii:: >:DYING FISH;:::;;`>:>ss-:. c .... .. caused at least <`<.>.>:'>::>:ii:<n::•s>:;>::;>:::... < >: ::::<<>:::: »�< ;; ;;;:::<:;—;>:.:�:«:: .:::<: ::>>::»:: east 25 percent of .. ;;<: •:: .:.::: the fish :::.n, :.. ::FlSH '�� :;: rid:•' ::' :>:1r ><? >:> »-: �:-� .li - ;:;': �«.:?>>:%? ,, ... h kills in the Pamlico ::>:�.::> : .... and Neuse Rivers : r� .: ii'::.��. ::;;<::»::::::::g f ::i>: >:<:W ......... •........ •.••••.. over the ...:..�::: .:.: past ears.It is suspected OXIN >::> ::>::: >:: Y P } that phosphorus may help t o fuel ie fish-killing acon ::FIS H::;:;: : �:::.:; .;:.:;•.::.;:::: � ........:.:..:.:.: _ ;:; <: :' of this dinoflagellate. . :r;.>..;:::o:;•:•:i:••:<$:;:(i.:::>i::::�-:<;r5::•:::::?o-:i::o-;:i::. :< : .x•:2:::::....:::.::::-:: ;�:-;)>: ? ... !'.-::,::. .::>':: :. i . .::::::.";::ai:iii:`i:`>::$:ii ::i?.>::i:::. : ::> :i:i:'. ..Various finfish and ' ':: : .: .:.�::. � ::::' :::iii t^i> <::o vT :: :Ti` .... fish disease epidemics also >><:;:><:::i:::iii:::�::i:::< ...<;. ..�:.:;»:<::::<i:<<:::: .•- ::.::�::;.;i; <>.: have been reported in the Albe mar le-Paml' rco Y s t se m since ; •; the 19 Os. These drs- ::.:.,.■ eases include ulcerative dis- eases thataffect&Irish,shell „..,` , : AMOEBA disease that affects blue . R crabs and two oyster r d's- cysT Y di s- \ ...... Whine the causes of \SEDIMENT (RESTING) \\�\\\\\\� these diseases are not well �� \ \ understood, the potential HOW THE TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE TARGETS AND KILLS FISH for impact is considerable. Chemical cues from fish are thought to trigger the transformation of an ...... The impact of disease on ambush predator dinoflagellate from a resting cyst to a motile attack from oysters in recent years has which releases deadly toxins that kill fish. been severe. 9 • WATER QUALITY PLAN Objective A: Implement a comprehensive basinwide approach to water quality management. o be truly effective,water quality protection must address whole activities and system-wide processes,not just individual actions or constituencies.Basinwide planning and management considers all sources of pollution and their cumulative effects on the system,as well as links between the water and the land.Steps already have been taken to implement basinwide management in all North Carolina waters. This objective would support, strengthen and ex- pand these efforts. • MANAGEMENT ACTIONS CTIN OS Develop basinwide plans to protect and restore water ..... .-... quality in each basin by 1999,according to the schedule established by the Division of Environmental Manage- ment's Water Quality Section. The plans would include -:.. rovisio ns for bas' - tnwidewetland protection P P coon and restora tion. Explanation: Basinwide plans are comprehensive,tar- geted strategies for managing water quality.They can ;::.. assess the impact of individual projects on water qual- .- ..... • ity ty within a basin. They can identify Y and manage • • "' pollutants in a way that protects water quality while accommodating economic growth.Basinwide protec- tion and restoration also can help assess and preserve wetlands functions. Establish total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and asso- ciated control strategies for all impaired streams in the Albemarle Pamlico region by 1999 Explanation:Total maximum daily loads indicate the amount of pollution that can safely enter a body of water.To determine limits to these daily loads,current and projected levels of pollution must be considered in relation to what the system can absorb.Total maxi- mum daily loads provide the foundation for basinwide plans and ensure that long-term growth does notharm the state's water resources. 10 3 Renew all discharge permits in a river basin simultane- ously by 1999. Explanation: Renewing permits simultaneously allows the Division of Environmental Management to con- sider the total impact from all dischargers when deter- mining how much pollution each may release into the . basin. Consider the potential for long-term growth and its im- pacts when determining how a basin's assimilative capac- ity will be used ;;::. Explanation: Assimilative capacity is the ability of a river basin to safely absorb pollutants.Basinwide plan- ning should ensure that this capacity is used in a way that sustains long-term growth.However,planning for long-term growth also must consider how secondary impacts such as runoff from new roads will affect water quality. Improve the scientific models for understanding the es- ....:. ::•::,::::::::::::::::::-. «;;;.;; tuarine system, the effects of human activities on the system and the viability of alternative management strate- gies. Explanation: Scientists use models to understand how systems work. Models for the r tin Albemarle-Pamlico s ....... river basins need to be further developed to determine ..... ,., ,_. how much pollution can be safely released into the estuary, (ie., total maximum daily loads). This would ::... allow regulators to focus on the most critical sources of pollution, thereby reducing the cost of regulation, , monitoring and enforcement. Increased knowledge .... gained from models will help planners manage water resources to allow for future growth. 6 Continue long-term,comprehensive monitoring of water ' ' quality in the APES system, collecting data to assess gen- eral system health and target regional problems. Explanation: a t wi d On system-wide basis, water quality ter 9 ty .... monitoring allows managers to assess the effectiveness of management strategies. In addition, monitoring data maybe used to develop scientific models or other methods of evaluating water quality on a smaller scale. Continued monitoring also would assess long term trends. . 11 Objective B: Reduce sediments, nutrients and toxins . . from nonpoint sources. onpoint sources of pollution such as septic tanks,agricultural operations and stormwater runoff are varied and difficult to regulate. Research and demonstration of new control meth- ods,often referred to as best man- . .°° agement practices (BMPs), can help re- 74%Agriculture Runoff duce this type of pollution at the source. 9% Incentives would be provided whenever Urban 4/ilt . possible on existing land uses to encour- Runoff age BMPs. Regulatory enforcement PE% would be used when water quality viola- w 6% Other "'" Construction 47 [ions occur despite available cost-share S� Forestry assistance. I<s gal ,...\x, For each river basin, develop P and implement me nt Plan 1 ntocoi control non-- <<::::.: m o Sfp oint source pollution b y 1999, as je airmen[ •Rlwes and re ms: :>;:::; part of the basinwide management :Due t Non pafSirce PolLut :: :sans. no Explanation: Plans would ad- dress all nonpoint sources of pollution in each basin, targeting the most critical areas for controls. These plans would identify the nonpoint source pollution problems specific to each basin. Implementation would vary according to each basin's needs.Plans also would include strategies to control nonpoint source pollution in accordance with the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) established for each basin. Possible measures include targeted funds for implementation of BMPs, buffer strips along waterways and BMPs for Y hi hwa construction. g Expand funding to implement nonpo int sou rce pollution controls,particularly agricultural best management prac- tices through the N.C. 'culture Cost Share Program, gam►, ' """ and also to develop a broader Water Quality Cost Share Program by 1995. Expand the cost share programs to include wetlands restoration.Increase cost share funds to problem areas. Explanation:Economic incentives and technical assis tance have been effective in promoting nonpoint source pollution controls in agriculture. Under this initiative, the N.C. Agriculture Cost Share Program would expand and a new Water Quality Cost Share 12 • Program,modeled after the one for agricultu re,would be created. Cost-sharing would give farmers, marina owners,forestry operations and individual land own- ers greater incentive to reduce nonpoint source pollu- tion. Continue to develop and demonstrate alternative septic • systems, as well as new best management practices to reduce nonpoint source pollution. ...... Explanation: Alternative septic systems will help pro- tect the environment and support long-term growth by providing effective waste treatment for eastern North Carolina.BMPs improve septic system perform- ' ' ' °: ante and reduce costly repairs.Developing and dem- :' onstrating additional BMP's for other sources of pollution, such as runoff from agricultural, urban lands,and highways,would provide proactive,cost-ef- e fective means to reduce nonpoint source pollution. Current Best Management Practices am L c .j TT( h. p �f• P J 1 Fs.: � .\W . .• 1. it,,":".7-,-,-.,9:::,• f} t.� �� _ 'IM . y VV ` ....... • !- � �� yt�}11 � \f x11 ....... r° l• I� _. i......,..:: .............. .,.......,.. .......,.. „.......::. ..::;::::::::::::::::::::::::,„ ...::::::::::::::::::::::::- ..:-..„...:....., .. _ ....... .... .... ... „.. . .... „ ..... ...... .... 1 •.t r .... :..... ++... „.... ... ... •:.::::::::::::::.::::::- ....::::::::::::::::::::.... .....:......„::::::::,....„. CONTOUR FARMING reduces ero- CONSERVATION BUFFERS along sion and runoff. waterways protect streambanks and reduce soil erosion and runoff. a , l';'N'•-- '''''''44,:i41:4 ' . •I...l I-. - =' 'i 7 �t� •••:•'::::-:-.:-.::::::::::::::::: •::::.::.:•.*:::::::::::?! '1•:::::::::,..:. .. ,!‘".t";;• , -5.-'4'..". ..:•::..:.:.,:::,$;.::::;.':.*:: 1.0, :,:.::::•!:,!::'::.,'"....7. 1j:::',:, - '-' .•:-..;:h.. •tb:: ::•:::::::::::::::::::•/. '''':::.:::::::::::'::;:;,:::,:'"' •.*::::".:::::::::::::::::',. eit . CONTROLLED DENSITY of developed e oped MANURE STORAGE and LIVESTOCK .. . ::•:: ::; areas and maintenance of natural CONTAINMENT reduce bacterial con- '�' vegetation reduces effects of ollu- tamination of waterwa s. lion on ground and surface waters. y " 4 Strengthen current enforcement to detect and correct ground and surface water 9 ty uali violations from non- point sources. :.: Explanation: Although current enforcement author- ity exists, nonpoint sources of water quality violations are difficult to identify because they are varied and, often, widespread. The Division of Environmental ._: Management's Water Quality and Groundwater Sec- dons would strengthen enforcement to ensure that these violations are identified and corrected. Require all logging operators to submit a notice of intent to harvest by 1995. Notice would be filed with the state forester. Explanation: Notification prior to harvest allows state :: agencies to provide outreach and technical assistance to promote best management practices,which protect water quality and wetlands.Notification also improves agencies' ability to monitor forestry BMPs according to existing am' regulations. Enhance stormwater runoff control by developing new regulations as needed and by strengthening existing ones to protectwater quality in all state waters by 1995.Improve ... enforcement to ensure that stormwater management sys- tems are properly installed and regularly maintained. Explanation: At present, there is no integrated pro- gram to manage stormwater runoff in North Carolina, . ' and therefore,not all waters are protected.Under this .„:' initiative, various regulating agencies would coordi- nate their efforts to protect all state waters.The Divi- sion of Environmental Management would dedicate more staff time to monitoring the installation,opera- lion and maintenance of stormwater systems.A critical °:: part of enforcement would be providing education ....- ...: and technical assistance to private land owners,indus- tries, municipalities and others required to comply with these regulations. N 7 Implement an inter-agency state policy that addresses marina siting and integrates best management practices through permitting and better public education by 1995. : Explanation There is no consensus on the cumulative impact of marinas on the estuary or on how to manage ..... marina development. A state marinas policy would coordinate agencies concerned with regulating and planning for marinas. It would address such issues as public trust rights hts andsitih g,and would integrate best management anag ment practices. New BMPs include de- .. ...... signing marinas to contain oil spills and pollution, minimizing the impact of turbulence from boating outside marinas, and controlling pollution from fish wastes and boat cleansers. Amarinas policy,along with P �'� g the appropriate regulations,would be a guide for local government planning. Public education, particularly boater education, plays an integral role in encourag- .. ing best management practices. - 14 Objective C: Reduce pollution from point sources, such as . wastewater treatment facilities and industry. roactive management focuses on reducing waste at the source. : The Division of Environmental Management, which issues permits to facilities that discharge waste into surface waters, • would increase its staff to perform more frequent inspections and provide more rigorous enforcement.The Office of Waste Reduc- ;.. ` tion, which assists dischargers in finding ways to reduce pollution, would expand its efforts to develop pollution prevention plans. : • ...::: T Promote ollution prevention p p noon planning and alternatives ...... .. ..... to discharge,where feasible,for all poin t sou rces to reduce the volume and toxicity of discharges. - Explanation: Environmental problems surface when inadequately l controlled or treated wastewater is dis- ..... ....... charged into - g Into the system. Pollution prevention pro- � ___.._ grams are a proactive measure aimed atreducingwaste at its source. These programs make treatment more . _,,. efficient, reduce pollutants in the waste stream, and lower clean-up u costs for industry and government. ... . . When a pp ro p riat e ,alternatives to discharge should be . ..... ...... encouraged. Expand and strengthen then enforcement of National Po llut- ant Discharge e Elimination S System n e rmits . I Increase site te inspections and review of self-monitoring data to improve facility compliance by 1995. Explanation: Increasing the staff of the Division of Environmental Management's Com Hance Group would allow for more frequent site inspections and would enhance enforcement. More frequent inspec- tions would improve communication between the Di- vision and dischargers,and would help P reve nt some _:<... violations before they occur. Stronger enforcement ... would dampen incentives for dischargers to violate their permits. 15 Objective D. Reduce the risk of toxic contamination to aquatic life and human health. ecent research and analyses indicates that toxicants may be impairing water and sediment quality and harming aquatic life within the Albemarle-Pamlico region. The Department of En- vironment, Health and Natural Resources, along with other state and federal agencies,would coordinate monitoring to reach the ..... widest geographic area quickly and cost-effectively. Increase eff orts to assess and monitor the extent of estu- arine sedimen t contamination, fish and shellfish tissue ... contamination,and water quality violations,and to iden- tify the causes and sources of these problems. Explanation: Several areas within the Albemarle-Pam- lico region have been identified as exceeding levels of � g concern for toxicity in water,sediment and fish tissue. • Any additional contaminated sites should be identi- fied. Existing contaminated sites would be evaluated to determine the extent of the problem and its impact on aquatic life, w dlife and human health. Manage- „...... ... men t actions should focus on reducing or eliminatin g :... . ... ..... further contamination in areas of concern. • Continue to issue fish advisories as necessary to protect public health. Improve communication and education about the risks associated with eating contaminated fish and shellfish. Explanation: Regional fish advisories alert the public • to the potential health ha 7a rds of eatin contaminated fish.The Environmental Epidemiology Section would continue to review fish tissue analyses and issue advi- sories as necessary. Public outreach and education should stress the risks associated with eating contami- nated nated seafood to the general population and sensitive • • populations (e.g., women of child-bearing age and children). • Remediate toxic contamination where necessary and fea- sible. Explanation: Considerable efforts should be made to remedy contamination that is an immediate threat to human health and aquatic life.The Division of Envi- ronmental Management would proceed with sedi- ment cleanup only where necessary and where remediation activities would not cause further damage to ecological communities. 16 Objective E: Evaluate indicators of environmental stress in the estuary and develop new techniques to better assess water quality degradation. everal highly visible indicators of environmental stress include chronic algal blooms, and fish and shellfish kills and diseases. Government agencies and private groups would coordinate their resources to track these indicators. Coordination would provide monitoring that is cost-effective and covers the widest geo- graphic area. Continue to track and evaluate indicators of environ- mental stress, including algal blooms,fish kills, and fish and shellfish diseases. Explanation: Biological assessments are useful in evaluating the integrity of the estuarine system.Tradi- tional biological indicators such as algal blooms and fish kills can signify water quality problems that chemi- cal and toxicological monitoring may have missed or underestimated. ...... Improve the techniques for evaluating the overall envi- ronmental health of estuarine waters. Explanation:aon: Tlhe sensitivity and diversity ty ty oforganisms inhabiting an area can be an indication system's n of the system s .... ..... overall environmental health. Further research is needed to target these "indicator species" in the estu- ary. Once found, these organisms could be used to monitor the general state of the system and indicate areas that warrant further attention. Develop and adopt better indicators of shellfish contami- nation as soon as possible. Explanation: The presence of fecal colifonn bacteria currently is used to detect sewage contamination in shellfish beds. This practice has been criticized, how- ever,and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- ministration's National Indicator Study is investigating better indicator tests. These tests, which assess both bacterial and viral contamination,better indicate the health risk from eating contaminated shellfish.They ,. also would establish more reliable criteria for closing shellfish areas or re-opening previously closed areas. 17 •-• . „. ..... GOAL: Conserve and protect vital fish and wildlife habitats,and maintain the natural heritage of the Albemarle-Pamlico region. HE ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO REGION ENCOMPASSES A WIDE EXPANSE OF INTACT NATURAL AREAS THAT ENDOW THE REGION WITH A RICH NATURAL HERITAGE. THESE AREAS PROVIDE A HABITAT FOR WILDLIFE, PROTECTION FOR RARE • PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES, AND BUFF'ERS FOR RIVERS AND STREAMS. WETLANDS PROMOTE WATER QUALITY, PROVIDE FLOOD PRO- TECTION, AND SERVE AS A REFUGE FOR WILDLIFE AND A SPA - INC GROUND FOR FISH. FISHERIES HABITATS SUPPORT NORTH CAROLINA'S EXTENSIVE COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FISH ING INDUSTRIES AND CONTRIBUTE TO FISH POPULATIONS ALONG THE ENTIRE EAST COAST. UPLAND HABITATS ALSO ARE VITAL TO WILDLIFE AND THE NATURAL HERITAGE OF THE RE- GION. THIS NATURAL HERITAGE MAY BE COMPROMISED, HOWEVER, BY CONVERSION FOR HUMAN ACTIVITIES. SOME CHANGES WILL NOT IMPAIR ALL THE FUNCTIONS OF A HABITAT. OTHER CON- VERSIONS ARE SO EXTENSIVE THAT THE AREAS EFFECTIVELY LOSE THEIR LMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. •.•••••,-. ••••:. y•.. 18 RARE PLANTS, ANIMALS AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES .::.... •-:::::.:::::::::::::::::.• "' As of May, 1992, the Albemarle-Pamlico region was home to 14 federal endangered species,five threatened species and several species of special concern.On the state species list,there were 27 endangered species, 24 threatened species and 21 ; 4''' �� • �� \\�\ , species of special concern.In addition, ��• :� - 4.\:,k .h,•• ` , the state Natural Heritage Program has . :t �. `.; \1 . \ •,AN\ ', identified 65 natural communities in \- \ •" 4 ••\. -''-'�` \-i:;� the region,of which 25 are considered ��.\� � ; \' •'.`� ` , ..... imperiled or critically imperiled. Pro- �.�„'. '\\�� t,.�.. : '•. ;,\\< tecting these habitats and natural com- �� .'�� ` munities is vital to the survival of the \\, ,, 1 \ ` . � t\� species and to the maintenance of the • \ \ ..... ...... regions natural heritage. `. � ir, �\\\� ...... Habitat destruction and fire suppres- .-\ $' ; >„ R`' #= .- \ 1 sion have resulted in the near loss of some forest habitat types.Wildlife habi- ;` �� \-.X �, tat has been reduced to nearly the mini- • `k._ :: �,.• \ : . mum necessary for survival of certain �..'� �,•` \a species. Historically, habitat changes \` have been caused largely by land clear- ;�� t \\,�� ingforagncultureandbysomeforestry "t.:. ::-- ` � practices. But other uses, including ,.\. \ road construction and urban develop- ? •- ," \ menthavealso played ificantrole. \ '� P la Y Some improvements in Habitat pro- I tection have been made in recentyears, \\\ \ \ \ • and many natural areas are protected \ ` through government ownership and - voluntary private agreements. How- 5"` ever,many important and • ` • • \, < Y p and rare natural \ areas remain unprotected. P . . , • •, WETLANDS ` :, Wetland habitats include freshwater .. . ,� 'A- ' ..-�. \ ...... ...... ......• marshes, bottomland hardwood for- ��\\\\ ' .• �- = -.�..''`�\�\�\ ..- . ests,salt marshes,pocosins,pine savan- \\ ` , •\,.. . , nails, non-alluvial wetland forests and �\\\ ` �- - wet pine flats.Wetlands have decreased \: \`\ \ \� d is matt c<al in the region i \ \ �.\ . n nthe \ N•;‘,. last . �, 200 years. Since pre-settlement times, North Carolina has lost more than 50 percent of its original 10 to 11 million wetland acres. Of these con- e v tied areas about half continue nrinu e to support some of their wetland . functions.The other half have been effectively lost About one third ::: ...... of this loss occurred between 1950 and 1980. Losses have been greatest in freshwater wetlands. Saltwater marshes are relatively well protected. • 19 FISH NURSERIES Nursery areas for fisheries cover almost 25,000 acres of the Albemarle- Pamlico region. They generally are found in tributary creeks and embayments, where shallow salty waters lay over muddy or grassy bottoms.These areas are of critical importance to the propagation of over 75 species of fish and shellfish.The functions of these nurseries can be impaired by freshwater drainage,land use changes and excessive algal growth.Nursery areas are most threatened by nonpoint sources of pollution and by development on nearby lands. SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION Submerged aquatic vegetation provides an important habitat for many estuarine species. It helps reduce :::: :::::: '�_\ ,\ current velocities, provides an attach- �� `i ��i ment surface, reduces particulate mat p� l •' �!'� ter, and provides refuge and food. 4 .r , 9 iii'lig 1 i -_ ;, � Anecdotal information indicates that I � / +` /' %oil'1f / there may have been large losses of this/try 1. ,//t�l p ly V /J� i; habitat from historic levels, articular :.te in rivers, creeks and western sounds. //`� ,_- — °" `' , Threats include dredging, mechanical : clam harvesting and water quality `` changes. One species of submerged aquatic vegetation,eelgrass,may be lost as a result of high nitrate levels. SPAWNING AREAS The region's rivers provide a spawning habitat for species such as striped bass,shad and river herring,which live in the ocean but migrate upstream to spawn.The spawning success of such anadromous fish has declined,as evidenced vrdenced b reduced adult landings. -..... Recently,there has been a high level of concern for striped bass that . spawn in the Roanoke River.Throughout the region,access to histori- cal spawning areas frequently has been blocked by dams and roads. SHELLFISH BEDS Clams, oysters and bay scallops have played an important role throughout the history of North Carolina commercial fishing.As filter •: feeders shellfish help remove excess nutrients and suspended sedi- ments from the water and convert them to a food supply for other "' bottom dwelling organisms. ,, _ However, data suggests that shellfish beds, particularly oyster beds, . are declining as well Destruction of shellfish habitats occurs as a result of direct disturbances such as clam kicking,mechanical dredging and >:f:.:. some trawling practices, and indirect disturbances that affect water quality.In recent years,oysters have been severely affected by disease. 20 ..:.:::::::::::::::. ... ..... .. .. VITAL HABiTATS .. .::::::::,:„.--:.... :.::.„:::::::::: ....„.::.::.,:...„.. P If 4A1\4" ..::::::::.::.,, -...:, Objective A: Promote regional planning to protect and restore vital habitats in the APES region. ;.:., egional planning would guide the acquisition, protection and <.;,. restoration ofvital habitats.These plans would include goals for ensuring that vital habitat protection efforts do not become .... fragmented but are consolidated and targeted toward regional needs. MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Develop ecosystem protection and restoration plans for each river basin in the region by 1999.Such plans should • `` set coordinated priorities for habitats and critical areas in each basin, and should target areas most vital to the survival of wildlife,fisheries and natural heritage. Explanation: Conserving vital habitats involves a great number of agencies and organizations.Regional plan- ning will coordinate their efforts with strategies that target management at the most critical areas.Restora .. ...,. lion plans for river basins s would provide a means for assessing the sources and causes ofhabi tat damage and enable the appropriate agencies and organizations to coordinate priorities along the entire basin. 2 Develop and maintain accurate maps and records of wetlands, fisheries habitats, natural areas and natural communities,as well as the existence of federal and state• :,. endangered redspecies and their habitats. Explanation: Accurate maps of natural areas are es- sential to developing basin ecosystem plans. They al- low for more accurate analysis of protection and enhancement priorities for various habitat types. A biological inventory of the region was part of the Albemarle-Pamlico study. Additional detailed inven- tory and monitoring would be done for the most significant natural areas.This information should be kept current and accurate. Up-to-date, readily avail- able biological maps and data will provide local gov ernments, planners, land managers and private citizens with the information they need to protect habitats. 21 ...••••••.•,.. . .: .. • Expand programs for the advanced indentification and .. .••• • :• •. .. . . evaluation of wetlands on a regional basis. v.,..-- ExpLmatioiu Advanced identification and evaluation of wetlands improves our ability to protect the most critical wetlands and to make wetlands permitting :-:.. ::...:::... ,•::::,:- :::::-.... ...;:.:•- %:•.•:•.. -1:::::.-••••.•::::::::::::: -.•.•:.::::::::::.•::., :.•.•..-:. more predictable for developers and local govern- ments.The Advanced Identification program,a multi- agency effort, is now testing a variety of metho d to ...:.:::::.:::::•;•.. evaluate wetlands.Under this program,wetlands regu- lation --:' '•:::•::: •::::. •::::: •::::• .::::::.. would not be expanded, but wetlands permit •:.:::::: .......::::::' '.•:::::•. •.•::::::•:.:::' .:::::.::::......::,....::::::::: dng would be more streamlined. •.•::-:::•:•:-.; •-•-::::::::::•:.... ::::: ..... ...,/:• ..:. , ;:.;:::::::•:•. ...:::.::::-...::::::::•:•• ry::::::::-:..:::::::::••••• :,...:-- CHESTERFIELD :::i ::" ..::::.:::::::::,......].:::::: -•::::::....:„.-.....- ':::" -..'".... ...:::::::::::::::0' ..--::.•::::.:.::/.. \sNiolV AMELIA CE PETERSBURG .. k, RD OTTOWAY00111Ill PRINCE ....:::::::::::::.... ..:.:::::::::::::•,..„, GEORGE Sillme DINWIDDIE -• ...... ,,.. ,... '-i:: ,::::::/ '''....:::.,::.::::i-:•:::::::::' %:::::::::::::::-...:]::::.:' '''•:.::::::,:::::::;:••,:::.:!? ''......:,....:::::::::;:::::' ........„:•:•:::.:. .UNENBURG ISLE OF SUSSEX WIG.kicor 1 ::::::::.:.:' BRUNSWICK VIRGIN ? SOUTHAM• `-'\,\&N, ..„ .f:-.:::::::,.., ..,:. •....::....:::::::. ....f.:::::......, .....,,,..,:::::::•:: CHESA'7 KE ENBURG 1161...... GREENSVILLE CITY .,::::::::::::::::::::::' '•-•:::::.::::::::;::::::'' ....:.....-.:•:,.. • s'-...::::::.....:.:.,- ::....:::::::::::.,:. C4 r& illOPP111.111111111-411 •• NORtH-N .4,, ,0 ".....*::.....::....• . 4gyifr HAMPTON Is ei, 1; 'lip 9, .111.9 HERTFORD n e*( 0,.. 1 ........ ....... .-... .. ....-....:,.... ....... .... ... ... ..r ' ,:::*:: y.:.:. .::::: .....:.. „v... -.... ... ........ .......... „.: n... .... ..... .... .. .... ...... .. .. FRANKLIN BERTIE Z ::::::::::::7 ::::•.: :::" EDGECOMBE WAS INGTON .... WILSON .. . ....... ,........., "„ ..... # H- • ZN., -": .:::::-.::::::::::::,::::::'• *...::'„i:„.,::::::::::••••:' '-.:::::::::::::../ • JOHNSTON N&N, N\ 1. HYDE •• ,.,'0.1,,,, ,, ...4.. \..% \, "16....46... %It■ \ .. ."• .*:' -.■111116,. ... ... .... . .. .. . . .....,,.„ PAM LICO : SAMPSON JONES DUPUN ;407 ::-...:.„ .::::,.......::::::..... :: .......:::::::::::::::...:., .....,...::.• •-• . .... ... ... . :.::::.: •:::-.. :•:.:.: ..::::- IN • .... . .. ..... ... : -• ...... ......: ... .... '.,m.;.::: .:..Y.::::-::::.:.:: ..*:.:•-..:•:.:..- ..------- • )EN ...... • PENDER ::::::i*::::::-::' ..:.:-: ..:::•-. ...::::- :::::: ..• - ......- ..., • - ... ... ........ . .„ ..:::::...::,:,,::::. .1..„::::::::::,.• -:.:::::. .. ::::.:... „.. . : .. ,. „..„ 22 Objective B: Maintain, restore and enhance vital habitat functions to ensure the survival of wildlife, fisheries and the ::.. region's natural heritage. abitat protection in North Carolina includes regulation as well as non-regulatory tools. Non-regulatory tools include acquisi- tion, conservation easements, registration and dedication of land as natural areas, technical assistance for conservation, cooperative management agreements and incentives for landowners. Current restoration projects are largely experimental or scattered in . small projects.Under this objective,e cth ve volun�'Y proactive measures to restore vital habitats would be expanded. To make the best use of • funds,restoration would follow the priorities set out in basinwide vital habitat protection plans. The feasibility of a mitigation bank and other mechanisms for coordinating and consolidating restorations would be evaluated. Wetlands regulation n would be made more predictable. Ffforts to develop restoration technologies would be continued and,where appropriate, accelerated. Bring areas with the highest priority for protection into p ublic ownership and/or management.Expand funding ...... for public acquisition of park lands, gamelands, coastal reserves and other natural areas. .,R Explanation: Natural areas that are most vital to main- Zff". taining the region's natural heritage have been ide - • tified. Further priorities will be determined through ...... .... ...... basinwide ecosystem planning.Where possible,volun- tary acquisition is an important tool for protecting these areas.In addition to preserving rare species and natural communities, public areas that are managed by different agencies can serve a variety of purposes such as recreation,education or hunting. • ._.., ...... .._.... Promote P rivate stewardship of vital habitats through incentives and technical al ass' tance to landowners,wnecs, local governments and other interested parties. -- Explanation: High-priority natural areas that are not brought into g public ownership can be targeted for private conservation. Efforts would be expanded to inform private land owners of the ecological values of their land, to advise them on appropriate manage- ment strategies and to help them explore options for voluntary rot terry p ection. 23 Enhance the ability of state and federal agencies to en- force existing wetlands regulation by 1995. Explanation: Enforcement of wetlands regulations must keep pace with development and with permitting " to ensure that these areas are adequately protected. Expanding aerial monitoring would make enforce- ment more efficient. Strengthen regulatory programs to protect vital fisheries 11 habitats, which include submerged aquatic vegetation, shellfish beds and spawning areas by 1995. Explanation: Protecting areas in which aquatic organ- isms breed,live and feed is essential to the successful ..::: propagation of many finfish and shellfish species. In- creased protection for vital fisheries habitats will help maintain healthy fish populations and abundant corn- mercial and recreational harvests.Protection offisher- ies habitats would add considerations to design and location of new construction projects including high- ways,marinas,etc. `' Enhance existin g efforts to restore wetlands and vital fisheries habitats.Develop and implement a program to -•• restore wetlands by 1995. Explanation: Natural areas that have been slightly or moderately damaged may be restored by means such • as replanting vegetation, repairing hydrological sys- tems and improving water quality.Expanding restora- tion will increase the region's acreage of valuable, functioning vital habitats.Research and development of successful restoration techniques will ensure that these efforts are cost-effective. Establish a consistent and effective mitigation program to compensate for unavoidable permitted wetlands losses by ::.. 1995. Explanation: Mitigation compensates for the loss of smaller, fragmented wetlands with the acquisition, enhancement or restoration of larger,contiguous wet- lands. A practical and coordinated system of mitt - tion for wetlands damage would ensure the greatest possible long-term benefit to vital habitats.Mitigation banking allows land developers to alter wetlands in exchange for financial contributions toward wetlands acquisition,enhancement,and restoration.This prac- tice would be evaluated for use in the region. 24 . . FISHERIES GOAL Restore or maintain fisheries and provide for their long-term, sustainable use, both commercial and recreational. OMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAI,FISHING IS A$1 BILLION BUSINESS IN NORTH CAROLINA,PROVIDING THOUSANDS OF JOBS FOR COASTAL RESIDENTS. COMPARED TO OTHER STATES, NORTH CAROLINA ALLOWS A • WIDE VARIETY OF FISHING ACTIVITIES WITH RELATIVELY LITTLE • •••••••••-• REGUIATION.AS A RESULT,THE AI.J3EMARLE-PAMLICO SYSTEM IS ONE OF THE MOST INTENSIVELY FISHED AREAS ON THE ATIAN- • TIC APPROXNATELY ONE MILLION RECREATIONAL ANGLERS FISH THE STATE'S COASTAL WATERS ANNUALLY. THESE FISHER- MEN PURSUE MANY OF THE SAME SPECIES AS COMMERCIAL FISH- ERMEN AND 011LN USE THE SAME GEAR. CONSEQUENTLY, -.•••:.] CONFLIGIS BETWEEN CONEAER.CIAL AND RECREATIONAL FISHER- MEN, AND WITHIN THE COMMERCIAL FISHING COUMUNTIY, ,:•:•••• SEEM TO BE INCREASING PUBLIC DEMAND FOR FISH PRODUCTS IS INCREASING AT THE SAME TIME INTEREST IN SPORT FISHING IS AT AN ALL-TIME HIGH. BOTH HAVE PUT INCREASED PRESSURE ON THE REGION'S •-•-• ••:.:•••• re•:•:•: FISHERIES. DOWNWARD TRENDS IN coNamRam_. LANDINGS OF • FISH SPECIES MAY INDICATE DECLINING STOCKS. CATCHES ARE DECLINING DESPITE IMPROVEMENTS IN FISHING GEAR AND METHODS. AT PRESENT, EIGHT IMPORTANT SPECIES ARE BELIEVED TO BE OVER FISHED OR SEVERELY DEPLETED ATLANTIC CROAKER, AT 0 0..000000 LkNTIC STURGEON, EASTERN OYSTER, RED DRUM, STRIPED BASS, SUMMER FLOUNDER, WEAKFISH AND RIVER HERRING. DECLINES MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO A NUMBER OF FACTORS INCLUDING HABITAT LOSS, NATURAL EVENTS AND OICJ FS, EXCESSIVE HAR -,...•••••••• VEST PRESSURE, CHANGES IN STREAM FLOWS AND WATER QUAL- TIY DEGRADATION. • ..•• • ... 25 • IN GENERAL OVEISHING IS BELIEVED TO BE A MAJOR CAUSE R F OF DECLINING FISH STOCKS. :. BYCATCH AND WASTE OF NON-TARGET FISH ALSO ARE BELIEVED `:' ' TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FINFISH DECLINES. FOR IN STANCE, STUDTFS HAVE SHOWN THAT SHRIMP TRAWLS MAY TAKE FROM A HALF POUND TO MORE THAN 15 POUNDS OF BY CATCH FOR EACH POUND OF SHRIMP CAUGHT.BYCATCH CAN BE CONTROLLED THROUGH MODIFICATIONS TO FISHING GEAR AND PRACTICES. kror:::.!•::::,...,:qp,._,!.:::: :,..,..:.„,,...q1 • i [CeL saiiiiiiiiii.5:•;;:i:7:i'iiiiiiiiiii:•.:::',:;:;:;ii ;-::,1*,:. 1,A‘‘I.i'a•Af‘'*r -. :-.....:::"; 74i / '', 4 r . S _ • "__+11= ::: : .:fir:''• ..... ..... ..... :•>::. �: �. ice• ♦p�`J''i�� ;:!".iiiiiiIiiiigiij '''''''..:.:',Iii:1,:.!.:::;:ifi,'::1..: .;:;i.;:::::;:;;:; ri.i.;:i:.:.,K:,;F:".iist;:g.:.:;:::;:;:',:s0.:',',:ii::;::M.:;;,,?-4:- :x < . ::::.:. �_ •t}�M•w gip.• C ...... .... .. iii, , tr l % ' ' i;:i:i:??_iSi . i:iiiiii ; ii:irii'Cis'i i<:' 1.<:.. ... .....:,:+r:` iii? :... :.I ' 1 :::::::-.. ......... ......,:::::::.:.... ..,...::::::::„:„.... ..„.::::::::::::::::, ._...::::::::::::::::::::: ....::::::::::.,... FISHERIES PLAN ..„:„.........„... ":„......:::„ ,....:::::::::::„ .. .::::::....... ......::::::::::„......... ....::.,::.::::::........., . ...::::::::::::::„:„. ....,:::::„:„:„...., ....„.::::„:„.„.. :::::.. ,...„,...... _...:,::::... .„...„., . ...........:::: ..::::.:, Objective iv e A. Control over-fishing by developing and implementing fishery management plans for all important estuarine ....... ... species . Tanning by the N.C.Marine Fisheries Commission and the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission would improve the coordina io n scientific justification and predictability of fisheries man- ;:: ' agement Modifying the license structure would supply the ' improved and expanded data necessary for management planning. MANAGEMENT ACTIONS ..... ...... ....... T Develop and implement management plans for fisheries that are important to recreational and commercial fishing - . 'y interests. These plans would include recovery objectives for severely depleted stocks by 1999. Explanation: . State fishery management�e ment plans will al- ...... low Marine Fisheries Commission and Wildlife ....... ....... ...... Resources Commission to identify and maintain healthy stocks of important commercial and recrea- tional fish. The plans will enhance depleted and de- dining g stocks and restore e economic l important ..... species for future harvest Modify the existing marine fisheries license structure to improve ve data collection llec 'o i n with respect ct to landings, d m e o- - graphics and fishing effort, and to generate increased ....... revenues for fisheries management. Explanation: A license system that enhances fisheries data collection is critical to g imp le-in and i e- P m 1 . menting state fishery� management plans.In addition, ..... license revenues can support fisheries research,habi- tat restoration and other management improvements. The Division of Marine Fisheries is severely under- funded and is currently limited in its ability to protect ect .... ....... our fis h e ' es resource. • 27 Objective B: Reduce the harmful effects of bycatch on fish populations. ycatch reduction measures being used or developed by the Division of Marine Fisheries and the UNC Sea Grant Program are making rapid progress toward achieving this objective. These efforts would continue and new measures would be required as their practicality is demonstrated. Commercial and rec- reational fishermen would be closely involved in this process. ManagementAction:Continue and expand the develop- mentofbycatch reduction gear and practices,and require their use as practicality is demonstrated.Aim to reduce inside trawl, long haul seine, pound net, and gill net bycatch by at least 50 percent by 1995. Explanation: Minimizing non-targeted harvests will preserve the diversity offish populations and support the long-term use of fisheries resources. Implement- , ing efficient and effective measures to reduce bycatch eventually may result in lower costs to commercial fishermen. codend ;; ; . net extension ti:: :::: ..,:, net body. top line net wing . .,..,,,,, ,, Y •:r .:,,), i :�.•„, e . '' � bottom line I n rYS• >:. ' tickler chain net wing heavy m s dine ineales where '• sin net sewn around m F s cpenmq FE body leg lines • • _ trawl door �,l C00e�d bridle cable . . . • path of escapmq tish .. BYCATCH REDUCTION GEAR .;;:.:.. perspective view 28 Objective C: Promote the use of best fishing ractices that reduce bycatch and impacts on fisheries habitat. ost sharing has been successful in encouraging agricultural best management practices that protectwater quality.Using a similar approach, the Marine Fisheries Commission and Division of Marine Fisheries can develop and encoura e the use p g rh of best fishing practices to reduce the impact of commercial fishing gear on fisheries stocks and habitats. Management ment Action: Institute a cost share program for best fishing practices for commercial fishing ear. gP gg _.... .... ...... Explanation:Bestfishing practices reduce the negative impacts of commercial fishing gear an fish stocks and habitats. Cost share funding will help alleviate the initial al fr ancial burden on commercial fisherman who implement p ement best fishing practices.Financial incentives .... ......_ to lower costs will promote and facilitate the use of these practices. • • 29 : ... .... .. ,..: . STEWARDSHIP ...,.. . i. . ...... . :. .... . . ....... ....... PLAN . ..::.. :.:::::-. ..::::::, ::::::::. ..:::: ..::::::: :::::-... ..: :::::: :-..::. ..:,... . ...:.:::::....:::::::::::::, ......:::.:::::::.::,.:::::::- .,:::.....,... GOAL: Promote responsible stewardship of the natural resources of the Albemarle-Pamlico region. . :<::: Objective A: Promote local and regional planning that protects the environment and allows for economic 9 rowth. bile current requirements result in environmental planning for many parts of the region, many local communities—as ::;:.::.. :... well as local natural resources — would benefit from ex- . P a ded comprehensive planning aimed at meeting bo th ....... " ...... environmental d economic goal s.To a accommodate future growth .... ... .... and change while preserving the quality of life within the estuarine area, North Carolina would augment existing regulations with a pro-active,voluntary planning initiative. ...: MANAGEMENT ACTIONS . t- Support local planning by providing funding and eco- nomic nomic incentives to local governments to integrate envi- ronmental and economic lannin g by b 1999. P .... P lanation: Local planning gives governments the opportunity to direct their own growth and enables private investors and local citizens to make informed decisions. Comprehensive planning also promotes economic development and environmental P rotec- tion that are com p Financial compatible.Fi cial assistance to local communities would encourage land and water uses that have the least impact on natural resources while promoting sound economic growth, including in- cr eased opportunities for ec o-to urism. Ns Provide local governments with affordable and accessible data from the state Geographic Information System for use in planning and public education within the region by 1996. ::::::- <>:;»;s: Explanation: Local comprehensive plans influence private and public development and management decisions, d should be supported with accurate and ...... -..... timely eo hic information. Increasing the avail- ability of state Geographic Liformation System data to local governments will help in environmental and ::;.;:.;:_ economic planning. 30 Implement a comprehensive,coordinated and proactive • 3 approach to managing the state's public trust waters by • 1996. Explanation: North Carolina holds the waters, the lands beneath them and the resources living in them • in trust for its citizens.The state has the authority and responsibility to preserve their natural value as a part of our common heritage. Several state agencies are responsible for the stewardship of this public trust.As the region's population continues to grow,public use of the sounds and waterways will increase as well. Greater conflicts are likely between various groups, including those who use the resources of public trust areas for profit.Therefore,closer coordination is nec- essary between the agencies that manage these re- sources. Public trust policy should be pro-active and should consider issues related to future population growth,including public access and compensation for • uses of public trust resources. • 31 „ Objective B: Increase public understanding of environmental issues and citizen involvement in environmental policy making. he Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study has been the stimulus for a v-ariety of recent proposals and initiatives involving estuarine education, some of which already are in the planning stages. Continuing these initiatives would form the basis of a long-term program of public involvement and education. Providing informa- tion about economic and cultural issues as they relate to estuarine protection would be integral to this effort.Eco-tourism,the concept of using an area's natural resources as a draw for tourists, would • educate the public while attracting new sources of revenue. Develop an organizational framework that would foster public education and involvement in decision making on — estuarine issues by 1995. Explanation: Numerous advocacy groups in the Albe- ' • marle-Pamlico watershed have education programs thatfocus on a particular regional concern.No organi- zation is devoted solely to providing impartial informa- tion about estuarine ecology and the human activities that occur there.The recently established Partnership for the Sounds is envisioned as a lead organization for promoting environmental education and eco-tourism • in the region. Combining education and economic supportwould heighten commitment in the region for environmental protection. Create innovative environmental education opportuni- ties for adults,and for young people outside of school. Explanation: It is increasingly important for groups •••••'••••-• with different perspectives on environmental issues— regulated groups,regulators and the interested public • — to understand what each is doing to protect the estuarine system. More opportunities for education through the community colleges,state parks and other educational centers would increase awareness of and commitment to protecting the estuary. • •-• • • Produce and distribute on a regular and widespread basis information on estuarine ecology and management is- sues, including the cultural and economic aspects of the issues. Explanation: Effective efforts to educate citizens about the estuary require the widespread distribution of . ..• 32 informative materials. These efforts may be coordi- nated through the Partnership for the Sounds or other similar organizations. •::]:::.,::::,_ Increase opportunities for citizens to communicate with members of environmental agencies and policy-making commissions. Explanation: Citizens are more likely to support envi- ronmental protection and be involved in decision making when they feel governments and regulatory agencies are working with them as equal partners. Increased opportunities for public participation and education will P romote citizen involvement in envi- : ronmental policy makin . g Enhance and heighten local public involvement in issues affecting g the estuary. ry ° °° lanation: Public involvement in local policy�' P cY Proc- .... ...... esses can be promoted through Environmental Advi- , sory Boards.These boards need not have a regulatory role.Instead they would provide credible information and ' insight to local governments is on the environ- g ' ....... TM.... mental issues surrounding projects such as landfill and ...... ..... ...... roadway siting, water supply and sewage discharge, land use planning and stormwater control. ::.2:.::, 6 Expand involvement in the Citizen's Water Quality Moni- toring Program (CWQMP) and make the program more interactive with regulatory agencies. Explanation: Citizen monitoring gauges the estuary's he alth and ' an is an important education tool. hh the ... P Albemarle-Pamlico region,the Citizen's Water Quality Monitoring Project has served both purposes. The CWQMP would intensify efforts to provide accurate data to water quality management ment a g thereby... :ii: ::; ;>. expanding andin their ability track problems. Create a citizen ombudsman position within the Depart- merit of Environment, Health and Natural Resources (DEHNR). ... ..... Explanation: Acitizen ombudsman is an independent advocate for citizen concerns within a government agency.An ombudsman would re respond rid to and track these concerns, and would serve as the public's "eyes and ears"with regard to activities of DEHNR divisions. 33 Objective C: .;>'::> Ensure that students, particularly in grades K-5, are exposed to science and environmental education. he Department of Public Instruction (DPI)currently is updating its statewide curriculum requirements and expects to include a :: significant environmental education component at all grade levels. The Office of Environmental Education (OEE) would assist DPI and would work with DPI and individual school systems to increase opportunities for teachers to gain background in environ- mental education. Support the development of a comprehensive environ- mental science and education curriculum. Explanation: The Department of Environment, Health,and Natural Resources will expand the opera - . don of Office of Environmental Education to establish - an ongoing liaison between Department of Public Instruction and OEE. DPI must address a variety of . ::.... ... concerns in developing curriculum. However, OEE would provide assistance as needed in targeting envi- ronmental education components. 2 Provide for teachers at all levels ongoing opportunities to gain renewal credits in workshops on environmental and estuarine education. P lanation: OEE would assist DPI and other state . .> agencies,such as the Wildlife Resources Commission, Division of Parks and Recreation,and Division of Soil and Water Conservation, in conducting teacher in- service workshops that provide renewal credits.These 0 w rksho snot only would .�> ;:< p y help teachers stay current in environmental science but would provide broad perspectives on the relationship between the estuary and human activities. ....,... IN, . 11) 4. \ INTA11ON :, RLA\,..„N .:::::, , ,, ..::::::,..,.::::::::::::::. .,.: ...,.... • GOAL Implement the Comprehensive Conservation and Management . . Plan in a way that generates the greatest level of environmental goal- :,...-..2.z., :: . .— ....:.:::,.. ::::::... • ity while using the most cost-effective and equitable strategies. .... ... .. ... .... .... ......-- .... ........ .„. ...... - ,...-.:.... ,-. ...-... ...,- -u, .:::.-- g... .x::....: :::' ...... Objective A: Coordinate public agencies involved in resource man- -..,.... ....oe, .....5%, ...-..i.., agement and environmental protection to implement the recommendations of the CCMP. ..z--4,...-% 4,,......0, .4:f.-....a....'. he APES Management Conference has for several years provided ..:.• .::::::- ,....::::::-. ..:::::.. ....::::- .:::::::. ..,.... ........ .•.... ...- ........ ...„. ..y.....:.......-x.y.- .......,......."ff- .... ......, a unique forum for communication and cooperation among a broad range of agencies,organizations and interests.Continuing . • the conference would make the CCMP a "living document" by pursuing its recommendations and revising them as necessary to achieve its goals. ., MANAGEMENT ACTIONS , Reconvene the APES Management Conference to in- ........ ...........&..:„ 4......f... ..... ,,........y.... , clude a coordinating council and regional advisory corn- .- :•::::':''' .-:::::'. .:::':..... ..:::::::' .::::::...*." ..:::::. ---- mittees by 1994. '''.::::::::::.::i:;:::::.:.. .-::::::.;:::,::::::.:, .....:,...:•:.:... Explanation: The APES program has provided exten- sive opportunities for interaction between govern- ment agencies,private organizations,citizens and local -.. jurisdictions. Continued coordination aimed at the ..:,::::-:.:-.... :::::..- ::::::....' ..:.:•::-. :::::.:. •:...... •::.:-. i.:::::: .:..4.. ..:::::. „.:.:::... ..i.::.. implementation of the CCMP would be provided ,'......_..„...a. .. .......... ...... v,:,......„ through a new Management Conference structure including a coordinating council and regional advi- sory committees. The regional advisory committees .. . ....„.. ......- ...4a ..... ..... ......P..;p., . .:::::::::....:.:4%, - would include members representing local govern- •:!;:::::::...-....:...:::' ..:i.:::...::::::::::::F .:':::::::::::.:.: ments,regional interest groups,and the public in each .:''......... .F.* '.%....;W- '..............-7.-a- river basin. The coordinating council would include members representing government agencies and ...,..., each of the regional committees.This structure would provide for continued opportunities for in f'. ...ff ...a ................. ...-:-.... „....- '........ .... ,....,.,:,:wr ......F..x..., coordination and citizen and local government input. . .. ......-- Coordinate implementation of the CCMP. ".::: -.'...' :...-.... ......:...... --.......„. _.,.. 4i Explanation: The Management Conference will be -:::::.::„.„„0-... ..:..::::i..::::::.,: ::::... -::::::...::•:::::::::::-.. responsible for overseeing the implementation of the CCMP . To fulfill the CCMP's goals, certain actions • are necessary beyond those recommended in the plan. „......... ...../.._ •-,—,:, .„..-..... ;., -- ... ...• . ..,. 35 ...... ........ ..... ....• .... ..• •" - .- ..... .,.. ... .... .... .. ..... ... .. ... .... • ......... ..... ..... „....... - .-- •-......"• • ....'- The Ylanagemeil ordi- . . . ...... - - ..., - the highest level o to ensure ted guide the process as was . t Conference will ted ......• ,...„..• -...., ....... ....„ ..,.., among interested nation am tiodnemanodncsotra partif cooperation Co-...:..„........ ..::...-. -..: ,...... by the original al APES Management ...„.... . ..• - • -...• •--... .-., peranference during .•. .:..... . -" - • ... ... :::-....::::::::::;•-:.-.... ..-..-..:..•.. ....:::::::. .....:::::" ..........27. the plan's development ::..............:::- .-........- ...:::.: ,...:- •::::::- .f-.% :........... ......./..:: ..:.-..... ....... . -.,-..:...-.:.-.,: .,....................„ • .,.....,.. .....-...-...„ -. .. . , .-Y.::::•''.."—,:' ...,:' ..::::::.:.- ;X.:, ..;,,-T.' 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"" "•"•••••:. ......-• ••:•:::::::::::::::::„ ••••::::::,........ ...:::::'""•::::•:•:•• ...'...:,' ••....:-/•'•• ::::::: :::::.::• ::::-.-- .:::i.' ..-:::::: .:::*/* ,../...,..Y .,..."/••• ,.. .-.-.• - •• ....:....,......:::•.e., .•:••;:::::::::•:•.,..„. ... -- •••.• •..-. ..•••••.- •:.•. .•• • • ••• v..... .....-..• ...........,..,., .:'::::::::::::,• ...:•:::::::::::-:•.•.,., ...,..,.......,:::::,.:;•.::::::::•..........,.... :•••./. •::::::. ::::::./ .:-•:,.• ,....:..: ..-...::::••• ::'' !:.:::::.„ ,.......:::::./ •-....n.-•••-•:::::-... "•::::::::•:: '''..•::::....:::::::ix.:•• .... . , ,..,.....„.„... . . , - .,.. •• .. ..... ,„ . . . ...:: . ......,. ••••,. . •••::::::::::.:,.,, •'.• ....,- ..:, ...• .... -........ 36 Objective B: Assess the progress and success of ::... implementing CCMP recommendations. Two objectives would be reached ched in the implementation process: • 1) monitor the effectiveness of both the Manage- ment Conference and the implementing organiza- tions (including din g government agencies,s, p rivate and public organizations and citizen's commissions). • 2) monitor the effects of the management plan over • time on the environment. To make these objectives obtains ble both the effectiveness tiveness of the Manage- ment Conference and the impact of CCMP recom- mendations on the environment will be evaluated. • Develop an annual"progress review"to assess the success .......... ......... of implementation by the Management Conference and othe involved organizations. • Explanation: The most critic al stage o fa management pro it its implementation. Without carefully thought-out and monitored implementation, the goals of a management plan may never be achieved. A progress review would allow the Management Con- ference or any interested party rested to comment on eme to l m i ...... n von process.Its also allows corrections or changes to be made as necessary. Ns Assess the health of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary and the success of implementation strat ' es' in protecting the • • environment Explanation: Assessing the success of the implemen- tation of the CCMP also requires monitoring of the 9 g environment and a thorough evaluation of the results. • The CCMP must be flexible enough to adapt to natural conditions.Data gathered on the state of water quality, habitats,and fisheries may be used to adjust strategies as necessary. 37