HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 08-17-1993 - III-A 1 1
ORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT
Meeting Date: August 17, 1993
Action Agenda
Item #
SUBJECT: CP-2-93, LOUIS AND JOE BERINI
DEPARTMENT: PLANNING PUBLIC BEARING: YES X NO
ATTACHMENT(S): INFORMATION CONTACT:
Application Materials/Staff Analysis Dave Stancil, Extension 2590
(Previously provided as part of
May 24, 1993 public hearing agenda) TELEPHONE NUMBERS:
Chronology of Events Hillsborough - 732-8181
Memoranda (3) Chapel Hill - 967-9251
Public Hearing Minutes (5/24/93) Durham - 688-7331
Planning Board Minutes (6/21/93) Mebane - 227-2031
PURPOSE: To consider a proposed amendment to the Land Use Element of the
Comprehensive Plan submitted by Louis and Joe Berini.
BACKGROUND: The site consists of 11.9 acres of land in Eno Township currently used as
the 44-unit Caroline Mobile Park. Louis and Joe Berini are the owners of
the park, located along the Durham-Orange County line.
The proposal requests reclassification of the property from Rural
Residential to Twenty-Year Transition. The site lies at the end of Howe
Street (SR 1589), on the north side of Interstate 85 at the Durham
County line, adjacent to Eno River State Park. The property is further
referenced as Eno Township Tax Map 25, lot 54 (part). This amendment
is a secondary amendment to the plan, as an expansion of an existing
Twenty-Year Transition area located south of the interstate.
The applicants have recently acquired sewer service from the City of
Durham for the mobile home park, which has a number of septic tanks
that date over 20 years in use. The extension of sewer service was
recommended by the Orange County Health Department to remedy the
likelihood of future septic tank problems. However, the County Engineer
has expressed concerns with the sewer system design.
Although within Orange County, the property is accessible only via the
City of Durham and is contiguous with the Durham City Limits. The site
is also within the city's Urban Growth Area as designated on the Durham
2005 Comprehensive Plan. Designation of this site as Twenty-Year
Transition would recognize the existence of sewer service as an indicator
of transition to urban land uses, and could potentially allow for rezoning
to higher residential densities in the future.
II
2
This matter was presented for public hearing on May 24, 1993. The
applicant was the only person to speak on the item. The Board of
Commissioners requested more information on the chronology of events
concerning this request. This information is attached, along with three
memoranda related to the chronology of events.
The Planning Board considered the amendment at its June 21 meeting,
and recommended approval of the amendment by a vote of 8-1 (please see
attached minutes).
RECOMMENDATION: The Administration recommends approval of the proposed plan
amendment, in accord with the Planning Board's recommendation.
The County Engineer's concerns about the sewer system design expressed
in his memo of September 16, 1992 are still valid. There are questions
about the size of the lines and the lack of manholes in the project.
However, the plan amendment involves consideration at conceptual level
of whether the area should be designated Twenty-Year Transition in the
Plan based on the criteria for this classification. Approval of the plan
amendment to Twenty-Year Transition does not automatically convey
rezoning and the addition of new mobile home lots. The subsequent
rezoning petition will involve a more detailed review of the site, and it is
at this level that the County Engineer's concerns might best be addressed.
3
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS - CP-2-93, LOUIS AND JOE F. BERINI
SPRING 1991 Applicants contract with the City of Durham to
extend water service to the Caroline Mobile
Home Park. Applicants unaware of need to
contact Orange County concerning such
extension.
MAY 1991 Water service installation completed.
JUNE 1992 Applicants contract with City of Durham to
extend sewer service to Caroline Mobile Home
Park. Applicants unaware of need to contact
Orange County concerning extension.
JULY 1992 Sewer line construction begins.
SEPT 3, 1992 Applicant calls about erosion control plan,
sets up appointment with Erosion Control
Supervisor to review plans. Sewer extension
plans first seen. Letter from Environmental
Health presented regarding potential for
failing septic tanks in future. Erosion Control
notifies and meets with Comprehensive Planner
III and Planning Director on the matter in the
afternoon - plans sent to County Engineer for
review. Erosion Control Supervisor contacts
Environmental Health Division for
clarification.
SEPT 9, 1992 Memo from Environmental Health to Erosion
Control Supervisor noting that there are no
current septic tank failures in park, but
the potential for increased failure in future
exists. Thus Environmental Health supportive
of public sewer extension.
SEPT 10, 1992 Applicant's engineer meets with Erosion Control
and County Engineer.
SEPT 16, 1992 County Engineer memo notes concerns with
project design and review procedure, but finds
that the extension has been approved by the
State, and is in keeping with the Water
and Sewer Policy since it would correct what
would become a public health emergency in the
near future.
SEPT 22, 1992 Applicant notified that Erosion Control Plan
has been approved. Follow-up inspections of
site conducted at later dates .
OCT 27 , 1992 Applicants visit Planning Department, talk to
Current Planning staff about expansion of
4
mobile home park. Staff learns of extension of
sewer service (underway) . Applicants are told
of need for amendment to the Comprehensive
Plan in order to consider rezoning. Applicants
meet with Comprehensive staff, pick up
application materials and background
information.
NOV 2, 1992 Applicant meets with staff on plan amendment.
DEC 3, 1992 Applicant submits application for plan
amendment.
JANUARY 1993 Sewer line extension completed.
JAN 12, 1993 Applicant calls Comprehensive Planning staff,
requests that amendment be delayed until May
public hearing.
JAN 14, 1993 Letter received from applicant formally
requesting delay in public hearing date.
Staff meets with applicant on 2-3 occasions in January-April on
application process and questions .
MAY 24, 1993 Public Hearing.
5
MEMORANDUM
TO: David Stancil, Planner II
FROM: Warren Faircloth, Erosion Control Supervisor
SUBJECT: Berini Mobile Home Park, Howe Street Sewer Extension
DATE: June 2 , 1993
The following is a chronology of events of my contacts concerning
this project.
September 3 , 1992 . Mr. Berini called to make an appointment to
bring the plans and application for the sewer extension. This is
the first knowledge I had other than a conversation with Keith
Rosemond concerning a call from either Mr. Berini or his engineer
about submitting the erosion control plan.
Mr. Berini came in later that morning and brought plans with a
letter from Environmental Health stating that the septic systems
were failing. He did not say if he had talked to Current Planning
or the County Engineer. I believe this was after similar ques-
tions had arisen about a water line extension for Mobile Acres II
so I knew this question would come up. (I distinctly remember
this because his check for the fees was number 2666 and my log
entry number of that meeting was 666 . ) I recall that he told me
that a water line had previously been extended from Durham County
to the park.
Talked with Gene Bell, since it obviously involved the Water and
Sewer Policy, and gave him a copy of the plan.
Met with Gene Bell and Marvin Collins later that afternoon. He
said the extension could be done if there was a letter from the
State or County stating that there is a failure of a disposal
system that is "not otherwise correctable" by other means such as
a package treatment plant or new filter fields. Marvin told me to
send the information to Paul Thames, the county engineer .
Later, Marvin told me that he had spoken with Paul Thames and
that they will meet to discuss the matter. This was not a matter
for the Board of Commissioners to decide upon, but Paul will
Posi Office Box 8181
Carrboro/Chapel Hill 968-4501 Durham 688-7331 Hillsborough 732-8181 Mebane 227-2031 FAX 919-644-3002
Extension 2586
6
inform them.
September 8 , 1992 . Discussed with Ron Holloway of Environmental
Health.
September 10, 1992 . Billy Walker, Mr. Berini' s engineer, brought
in revised plans . We discussed the site and status with the
county engineer.
September 11 , 1992 . Mr. Berini called about the status of the
application. I explained the need for either him or hiS engineer
to talk with the county engineer and that it was a matter of
waiting to go through the process before the permit could be
approved.
September 21, 1992 . Mr. Berini called again about status . Told
him I had a message from the county engineer but I needed to talk
to him first.
Later I talked with Paul Thames and he said it was O.K. to
proceed. He has concerns about the use of 6" lines but the State
has approved it so there is nothing he can do about it.
September 22 , 1992 . Billy Walker called at Mr. Berini' s request
to see if I needed any more information. I told him no.
Later, I called and left Mr. Berini a message that I would
approve the erosion control plan, and he called to make an ap-
pointment to pick up the permit.
After I approved the plan work commenced and I had no further
contact with Mr. Berini that I can recall. Keith Rosemond in-
spected the site and had numerous contacts with him.
#13 6-2-93.
7
•
MEMORANDUM
TO: Marvin Collins , Planning Director
Warren Faircloth , Erosion Control Supervisor
FROM: Paul Thames , County Engineer
DATE: September 16 , 1992
SUBJECT : Berini sewer extension project
I have review the plans for the above referenced project as
per your request. I see nothing on these plans nor have I
been able to learn anything regarding this project which does
not conform to the letter and the intent of the County Water
and Sewer Policy.
The actual design of the sewer system is something that I am
not happy with. There are many relatively short segments of
pipe which collect the waste flow from up to ten mobile
homes . These segments utilize six inch pipe which change
vertical and horizontal alignment without using manholes .
Many of these pipe segments intercept each other and the
eight inch main collector line without the use of a manhole .
While practices such as the use of six inch collectors and
not using manholes at alignment changes and where collector
pipes intersect are undoubtedly economical , I believe that
they present the potential for future operational problems .
Unfortunately, under current Orange County regulations , we
apparently have not leverage or regulatory authority to
compel the modification of the sewer design .
The Berini sewer extension plans have been approved by both
the City of Durham and DEM. I have spoken with DEM regarding
my problems with the design of this project. According to
Carolyn McCaskill , supervisor of the section responsible for
permitting this project, the failure to use manholes at
changes in alignment and at collector pipe intersections is
contrary to DEM design standards . However, DEM does not now
have plans for this project and cannot determine how the
plans were approved with the problems I have noted .
Ms . McCaskill indicated that DEM would look into the matter
and see if the problems can be rectified . I do not have much
hope for DEM ' s efforts as the plans have already been
approved . One additional twist in this affair is that the
permit application to DEM indicated that this project eras
located in Durham County . Otherwise DEM would have given
Orange County an opportunity to comment on the project design
prior to project approval and permitting .
8
It may be that orange County may need to look at placing
additional requirements on water and sewer utility
construction within areas under the County ' s jurisdiction .
If , for instance , all utility construction required that a
special use permit be acquired, County staff would have an
opportunity to review plans and would also have the leverage
to effect changes that were in the best interests of the
County and its citizens . It may also be necessary to develop
a set of design standards for utility line construction . I
would be happy to work with you and with those utilities who
extend utilities into the County to develop and implement
those standards .
I will continue to follow up with DELI on its actions
regarding this project and will pass the information along to
you. If you have any questions or comments related to this
matter, please advise .
^ r r � 9
Cn �r�ge Cau«ty ` eaQth �epall, r(temt
Dan■eI B Reimer MPH Director
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION ��^�� r' PERSONAL HEALTH DIVISIDi,
P.O. Box 8161. 3060 Revere Road DENTAL HEALTH DIVISION
ANIMAL CONTROL DIVISION a •sr�r` �' P.O. Box 878:, 300 W Tryon S;.
P.O Box 8181, 304 Revere Road — �1 � Hillsborough, N.C. 27278
Hillsborough,N.C. 27278 17 * J'
HILLSBOROUGH CHAPEL MILL MEBANE'
(919) 732-8181 (919)967-9251 h d"`\ (919)227.2032 DURHAM
rr
(9 9)686-7333
September 9 , 1992
MEMORANDUM
TO: Warren Faircloth, Erosion Control Supervisor
From: Ron Holdway
RE: Septic Systems at Caroline Mobile Home Park
I spoke with you yesterday concerning the extension of public
sewer from the City of Durham to serve Caroline Mobile Home
Park. Your office had requested Louis Berini, a part owner of
the park, to provide you with information concerning the
condition of the existing septic systems before giving approval
for the project.
At this time, I do not know of any malfunctioning systems in
the park. However, we have seen an increase in the number of
systems failing in the park in the past few years , mostly
during the late winter and early spring when wetter conditions
exist. Given the age of the systems and the limited amount of
on-site repair options available, the expectation is that the
numbers of failures will continue to increase and the
likelihood of successful repairs will decrease. Because of
these facts , we on the Environmental Health staff were hopeful
and supportive of the Berini ' s efforts to install public sewer
in the park.
While there is no current emergency situation in the park, the
public sewer would prevent such conditions in the future caused
by failing septic systems . From . a public health standpoint ,-
such preventative measures are always better than reactionary
ones .
For your information, I have enclosed a copy of a letter I sent
to DEM concerning this matter back in early August. Please
call or come see me if you have any questions concerning this
matter.
SOUTHERN ORANGE OFFICE:Carr Mill Mall, Suite 225, :00 N. Greensooro SL, Carrboro, N.C. 27510, (9)9)958•2022
10
Public Hearing Minutes
10 5/ 24/ 93
A letter signed by ..22 members of the Stagecoach Run Homeowners'
2 Association asked that three amendments be made to the Zoning Atl;
3 Amendments:
4 ( 1) The finger of land east of Stagecoach Run development, located
5 south of the proposed Oakdale Drive extension, Tax Map 4SE,
5 Block A, Sec 3 , be zoned for 40 , 000 square foot residential
7 lots.
8 (2) That lots 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 on Tax Map 4 SE, Sec 3 , Block A,
9 located on Plat Book 27 , page 5 be included in the Stagecoach
10 Run development.
, 1 (3) That the area beyond the extreme southwest boundary of the
12 Stagecoach Run development be zoned R-2 with a 100 foot buffer .
13
14 A motion was made by Commissioner Willhoit, seconded by Commissioner
15 Halkiotis to refer this item to the Planning Board for a recommendation to be
16 returned to the Board of County Commissioners no sooner than August 4 , 1993 .
17 VOTE: UNANIMOUS
18
19 b. CP-2-93 Louis and Joe Berini
20 Planner David Stancil introduced this item for the purpose of
21 receiving public comment. This amendment to the Land Use Element of the
22 Comprehensive Plan was submitted by Louis and Joe Berini. The site consists
23 of 11. 9 acres in Eno Township, containing the Caroline Mobile Home Park. The
24 park is located on the north side of Interstate 85 at the Orange-Durham County
25 line. The applicant is requesting that this area be redesignated in the
26 Comprehensive Plan from Rural Residential to Twenty-Year Transition. Although
27 within Orange County, the property is accessible only via the City of Durha'
28 Water and sewer is now available to the site by the City of Durham. Conceri._
29 cited by County Engineer Paul Thames about the system design and the adequacy
30 of the sewer lines would be better addressed at the rezoning level of this
31 process. Louis and Joe Berini would like to add some additional lots on this
32 land with this amendment.
33 Louis Berini, part owner of the Caroline Mobile Home Park, noted
34 that he and his brother want to develop the unused portion of their property.
35 The 11. 9 acres was purchased in 1965 . By 1967 they had developed 44 lots .
36 A large portion of the unused land would not perk according to the standards
37 in 1967 . By 1990, the City of Durham put water and sewer within 200 feet of
38 their property which gave them the opportunity to install water that year and
39 by 1992 made plans to install the sewer. This took a lot of planning , time
40 and money . They want to add to the park in an effort to increase their
41 revenue. He feels this amendment is reasonable and asked that the Board
42 approve it as presented .
43 COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS FROM THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OR MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING
44 BOARD
45 Commissioner Gordon asked that the Planning Department prepare
46 a report on what they did after they found out that this request violated the
47 water and sewer policy .
48
49 THERE WERE NO CITIZEN COMMENTS
50
51 Motion was made by Commissioner Halkiotis , seconded by
52 Commissioner h'illhoit to refer this item to the Planning Board and to adjoin
11
11
the public hearing until 7 : 30 p.m. on August 17 , 1993 to receive the Planning
Board recommendation.
VOTE: UNANIMOUS
4
5 5 . ZONING ATLAS (MAP) AMENDMENTS
6 a. Z-1-93 Economic Development Districts
7 This item was considered under item 4a above.
8
9 b. Z-2-93 Marilyn and David Liner
10 Planner Emily Cameron presented for citizen comments a proposed
11 Zoning Atlas amendment in Efland. The property is located on the west side
12 of Efland-Cedar Grove Road approximately 650 feet north of US Highway 70 on
13 the south side of McGowan Creek. The total area proposed for rezoning
14 contains 4 . 18 acres . In the adopted Land Use Element of the Comprehensive
15 Plan, the property is designated Ten Year Transition in the Efland Center
16 Commercial-Industrial Node. The current zoning is Residential-1 and Protected
17 Watershed II . The zoning district proposed is Residential-3 . The property
18 does have access to public water and sewer and Efland-Cedar Grove Road is a
19 collector road.
20
21 THERE WERE NO QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS BY THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OR MEMBERS OF
22 THE PLANNING BOARD.
23
24 THE PUBLIC HEARING WAS OPEN FOR CITIZEN COMMENTS.
25
26 Lindsay Efland spoke in favor of this proposal .
Motion was made by Commissioner Insko, seconded by Commissioner
Halkiotis to refer this item to the Planning Board and to adjourn the public
29 hearing until 7 : 30 on August 4 , 1993 to receive the Planning Board
30 recommendation.
31 VOTE: UNANIMOUS
32
J J
34 6 . ZONING ORDINANCE TEXT AMENDMENTS
35 a . Economic Development Districts
36 This item was considered under item 4a above.
37
38 b. Nursing Homes
Planner Emily Cameron presented this item to receive public
40 comment on proposed amendments to the Zoning Ordinance which would create a
41 land use category and development standards for nursing homes . ' Under the
42 current Zoning Ordinance provisions , a nursing home facility for more than
43 fifteen unrelated individuals must comply with standards for a rehabilitative
44 care facility . The Planning Staff proposes a new land use category and
45 appropriate standards for nursing homes to be included in Articles 4 , 8 , 10
46 and 22 which would allow nursing homes as a Class A Special Use Permit.
L7
48 THERE WERE NO QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS BY THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, MEMBERS OF
49 THE PLANNING BOARD OR CITIZENS .
50
51 Motion was made by Commissioner Ins}:o, seconded by Commissioner
Halkiotis to refer this item to the Planning Board and to adjourn the public
12
Planning Board Minutes 6/21/93
8
Willis noted that there were no comments other
than the applicant 's at the public hearing.
Cantrell asked where this property received
access . Reid responded that access is through
Wexford Subdivision.
MOTION: Reid moved approval as recommended by the
Planning Staff. Seconded by Scott.
VOTE: Unanimous .
AGENDA ITEM #10: MATTERS HEARD AT PUBLIC HEARING MAY 24, 1993
a. Comprehensive Plan Amendment
( 1 ) CP-2-93 Louis and Joe Berini
Presentation by David Stancil.
The site consists of 11.9 acres of land in Eno
Township currently used as the 44-unit Caroline
Mobile Park. Louis and Joe Berini are the owners
of the park, located along the Durham-Orange
County line.
The proposal requests reclassification of the
property from Rural Residential to Twenty-Year
Transition. The site lies at the end of Howe
Street (SR 1589 ) , on the north side of I-85 at
the Durham County line, adjacent to Eno River
State Park. It is Tax Map 25 , lot 54 (part) .
This amendment is a secondary amendment to the
plan, as an extension of an existing Twenty-Year
Transition area located south of the interstate.
The applicants have recently acquired sewer
service from the City of Durham for the mobile
home park, which has a number of septic tanks
that date over 20 years in use. The extension of
sewer service was recommended by the Orange
County Health Department to remedy the likelihood
of future septic tank problems .
Although within Orange County, the property is
accessible only via the City of Durham and is
contiguous with the Durham City Limits. The site
is also within the city's Urban Growth Area as
designated on the Durham 2005 Comprehensive Plan.
Designation of this site as Twenty-Year
Transition would recognize the existence of sewer
service as an indicator of transition to urban
land uses, and could potentially allow for
rezoning to higher residential densities in the
13
future.
At the May 24, 1993 public hearing, the applicant
was the only person to speak on the item. The
Board of Commissioners requested more information
on the chronology of events concerning this
request. The chronology is an attachment to
these minutes on pages
The Planning Staff recommends approval of the
proposed amendment.
Stancil indicated the location of the property on
a map noting how one must go into Durham to enter
the mobile home park.
Burklin asked what has been done to prevent
future extension of water and sewer services
without following the proper procedures . Stancil
responded that correspondence had occurred
between Marvin Collins, Orange County Planning
Director, and Paul Norby, Durham City-County
Planning Director which addresses that issue.
The Water/Sewer policy applies in the County but
does not have any enforcement mechanism.
Therefore, adjacent jurisdictions are not aware
of the policy and can enter into contract with
individuals for water/sewer extensions .
The correspondence which Stancil referred to
informs Durham of the water/sewer policy and
asks that they do not extend the service into
areas in Orange County that are not designated as
an area for such services .
Stancil continued that another reason the
extension occurred without prior Orange County
knowledge was that the application sent to the
State Division of Health indicated that the
project was in Durham County. The lines are in
place and the area is adjacent to a transition
area.
Reid asked where the property taxes were being
paid if the project was listed for Durham County.
Stancil responded that the property taxes are
paid in Orange County. Stancil stated that the
application for the extension of water and sewer
had to be sent to the State Division of Health
for a permit. The application was sent from
the City of Durham engineer' s office, thus
leading the State Office to the conclusion that
the project is in Durham's jurisdiction.
14 1
Burklin asked if the County could set up a
penalty to avoid such happening again. Stancil
responded only if there was an interlocal
agreement between the two jurisdictions. That
has been discussed and there is a possibility of
such an agreement in the future. Burklin noted
that he understood that this issue must be
resolved, but, encouraged the pursuit of
interlocal agreements to avoid such an incident
in the future. Stancil responded that this area
is a part of the area that the City of Durham
does plan to annex within the next twelve years .
Eidenier expressed concern that the Orange
County's Sheriff Department had stated that any
changes/increases in the park may require
additional personnel. She felt that issue needed
to be considered.
Boland expressed concern that access to the park
is only gained by going into the City of Durham' s
jurisdiction.
Cantrell asked if it would be possible to
recommend to the Board of Commissioners that they
ask the City of Durham to proceed with
annexation. Stancil responded that the Planning
Board could include that request as part of their
recommendation.
In response to a question from Reid regarding
Durham's annexation, Stancil emphasized that the
area is within Durham's urban growth area which
means it is an area that they intend to annex and
provide urban services to by the year 2005 .
However, he also noted that this area is within
the low priority area for such an annexation and
service. Stancil continued that annexation would
help in many ways . The area is much more
associated with Durham than Orange County since
one must go into Durham to gain access to the
mobile home park.
MOTION: Waddell moved approval as recommended by the
Planning Staff. Seconded by Hoecke.
Reid asked how many lots are proposed to be
added. The applicant, Mr. Berini indicated that
there would probably be a total of ten additional
lots but would only be added one or two at a
time.
VOTE: 8 in favor.
1 opposed (Eidenier - due to Sheriff 's comment
15
that additional personnel may be needed with any
change or increase in the number of lots and the
cost for that service. She felt that the Board
of Commissioners should have discussion with
Durham regarding all of the problems of this
property) .
1 abstained (Walters - new member) .
MOTION: Burklin moved that Orange County pursue
discussions with the City of Durham in this area
with respect to establishing systems and
assurances that proper procedure and discussion
is followed before extension of water and sewer
into the County. Burklin further moved to
request that discussions be held between Orange
County and Durham public safety groups to make
sure that this area is adequately covered by
public safety standards (police fire and rescue
services) . Seconded by Eidenier.
VOTE: Unanimous .
Burklin asked that an update on this issue be
presented to the Planning Board in two months
time. Stancil agreed.
b. Zoning Atlas Amendments
( 1) Z-2-93 Marilyn and David Liner
Presentation by Emily Cameron.
The property in question is located on the west
side of Efland-Cedar Grove Road (SR 1004 )
approximately 650 feet north of US Highway 70 on
the south side of McGowan Creek. The total area
proposed for rezoning contains 4 . 18 acres and is
described as Lot 33 , Block A of Tax Map 31 in
Cheeks Township.
In the adopted Land Use Element of the
Comprehensive Plan, the property is designated
Ten Year Transition in the Efland Center
Commercial-Industrial Node. The current zoning
is Residential-1 and Protected Watershed II
(Upper Eno) . The zoning district proposed is
Residential-3; the PWII designation will remain
in place.
Adjacent property to the south is residential and
a cemetery. To the east and west, land use is
residential. Across McGowan Creek to the north
is the Efland Mill zoned Industrial-1 .