HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 04-17-2012 - 8a i
ORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT
Meeting Date: April 17, 2012
Action Agenda
Item No.
SUBJECT: Official's Guide to Emergencies and Disasters
DEPARTMENT: Emergency Services PUBLIC HEARING: (YIN) No
ATTACHMENTS: (Under Separate Cover) INFORMATION CONTACT:
F. R. Montes de Oca, 919-245-6100
Official's Guide to Emergencies and
Disasters (March 2012 Edition)
PURPOSE: To provide a guideline assisting the Board before, during and following disasters.
BACKGROUND: At the Orange County Board of Commissioners annual retreat, members
discussed the role elected and appointed officials play during disasters or serious emergencies.
The Department of Emergency Services recently updated a manual to assist officials before,
during and after disasters and serious emergencies. The Official's Guide to Emergencies and
Disasters outlines several aspects of emergency preparation, response and recovery and
includes sections addressing roles, the incident management system, resource flow, emergency
declarations and pointers when interacting with the media.
In 2011, Emergency Services, with the assistance of the North Carolina Division of Emergency
Management and partners throughout the community, developed and presented tabletop
exercises which tested Orange County's ability to manage disasters. In 2012 the department
will follow-up with a full-scale, functional exercise that will involve many community partners and
resources. This guide is one of the documents that support the all-risk, all-hazard emergency
management program enabling it to improve internal operations and better prepare for and
manage disasters of all types and magnitude, thus better serving the community.
FINANCIAL IMPACT: This report will have minimal financial impact. The full-scale, functional
exercise represents an investment by the County of $19,000 and $50,000 from the North
Carolina Division of Emergency Management to carry out the project.
RECOMMENDATION: The Manager recommends that the Board receive the report and
provide feedback to staff to address further questions.
Official 's Guide to Emergencies
and Disasters
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April 2012
Official's Guide to Emergencies and Disasters
Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................1.1
YourRole ..........................................................................................1.2
NIMS .................................................................................................2.1
Emergency Management Cycle
Mitigation .................................................................................3.1
Preparedness.......................................................................3.2
Response................................................................................3.2
Recovery.................................................................................3.3
Flowof Resources.............................................................................4.1
Declarations.......................................................................................4.3
Points to Remember..........................................................................4.6
• Media Guide......................................................................................4.8
Conclusion.........................................................................................4.10
Appendices
A-Important Contacts...............................................................5.2
B-Useful Websites..................................................................5.5
C-Emergency Ordinances for Orange County........................5.6
D-Hazard Assessment............................................................5.11
E-Critical Incident Information.................................................5.14
F-Acronym List........................................................................5.15
G-Creating an Emergency Kit.................................................5.16
H-Draft Emergency Proclamation ...........................................5.17
•
,
Officials Guide to Disasters
• Introduction:
Responding effectively to disasters requires a coordinated, community-wide effort. As
an elected or appointed official, you play an important role in the county's response to
disasters and continuity of government within Orange County. Your actions influence
community members, as well as employees, and directly impact the local government's
ability to protect lives and property. This guide has been developed to provide you with
information relating to your role before, during, and after disasters in order to help you
make better-informed decisions when disaster strikes.
The County's various local government agencies, individually and collectively, work to
mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. This integrated
emergency management system is based on an "all-hazards approach" to deal with
disasters, which allows the County to provide an effective response for any type of
disaster that we are likely to face.
The following guide describes the key elements of disaster response and the role of
elected officials, beginning with an overview of your responsibilities in an emergency
situation. There is also a summary of the National Incident Management System
(NIMS). Mandated by presidential directive, NIMS provides a comprehensive
methodology for dealing with emergency situations.
• It also includes information about the Emergency Management Cycle, and its four points
of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; followed by an overview of how
resources are requested, and the process for declaring a State of Emergency.
Finally, this guide concludes with a list of important reference points for elected officials,
directions for dealing with the media, and appendices containing important contact
information, further disaster resources, and official emergency ordinances.
• Your Role Page 1.1
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Officials Guide to Disasters
Elected officials deal frequently with the media in disaster situations.
• It is critical that all press interview requests and information about the situation on
the ground first go through the Public Information Officer (PIO), the single point-
of-contact for the media who can be contacted through the EOC.
• Remember that all effective communication should always include the elements
of credibility, honesty, empathy, and competency.
• Officials will serve as the public face of the community and should strive to carry
themselves in a manner that reflects this responsibility.
When the disaster situation and recovery process is over, elected officials play
the important part of listening to their citizens and evaluating the successes and
failures of the emergency response.
• Through engaging in public forums and after-action briefings, we can better
understand how to react in times of need and what training and planning might
help Orange County better prepare for future disasters.
These are the most immediate responsibilities of elected governing officials in the case
of a disaster. The rest of this guide serves as a more thorough explanation of what is
expected of you.
•
• Your Role Page 1.3
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Official's Guide to Disasters
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
On February 28, 2003, the President issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive
(HSPD)-5, which directs the Department of Homeland Security to develop and
administer a National Incident Management System (NIMS).
NIMS makes America safer:
NIMS establishes standardized incident management process protocols, and
procedures that all responders—federal, state, tribal, and local—will use to coordinate
and conduct response actions. In addition, national preparedness and readiness in
responding to and recovering from an incident is enhanced since all of the Nation's
emergency teams and authorities are using a common language and set of procedures.
Advantages of NIMS:
NIMS incorporates best practices in incident management which have been developed
and proven effective by thousands of responders and authorities across America. These
practices, coupled with consistency and national standardization, will now be carried
forward throughout all incident management processes: exercises, qualification and
certification, communications interoperability, doctrinal changes, training, publications,
public affairs, equipment resources, evaluating, and incident management. All of these
measures unify the response community as never before.
NIMS was created by representatives across America including:
• Federal government
• States
• Territories
• Cities, counties, and townships
• Tribal officials
• First responders
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Official's Guide to Disasters
Key features of NIMS •
• Incident Command System (ICS): NIMS establishes ICS as a standard incident
management organization with five functional areas—command, operations,
planning, logistics, and finance/administration—for management of all major
incidents. To ensure further coordination, during incidents involving multiple
jurisdictions or agencies, the principle of unified command has been universally
incorporated into NIMS. With Unified Command, Incident
Commanders representing agencies or jurisdictions that share responsibility for
the incident manage the response from a single Incident Command Post. This
unified command not only coordinates the efforts of many jurisdictions, but also
provides for and assures joint decisions.
• Joint Information System (JIS) and Information Management: NIMS
organizational measures enhance the public communication effort. The Joint
Information System provides the public with timely and accurate incident
information and unified public messages. This system employs Joint Information
Centers (JIC) and brings incident communicators together during an incident to
develop, coordinate, and deliver a unified message. This ensures that Federal,
state, and local levels of government will release the same information during an
incident. NIMS prescribes interoperable communication systems for both
incident and information management.
• Assisting Agency: An agency or organization providing personnel, services, or •
other resources to the agency with direct responsibility for incident management.
• General Staff: A group of incident management personnel organized according
to function and report to the Incident Commander. The General Staff normally
consists of the Operations Section Chief, Planning Section Chief, Logistics
Section Chief, and Finance/Administration Section Chief. An
Intelligence/Investigations Chief may be established, if required, to meet incident
management needs.
• Emergency Operations Center (EOC): The physical location at which the
coordination of information and resources to support incident management (on-
scene operations) activities normally takes place. An EOC may be a temporary
facility or may be located in a more central or permanently established facility,
perhaps at a higher level of organization within a jurisdiction. EOCs may be
organized by major functional disciplines (e.g., fire, law enforcement, and
medical services), by jurisdiction (e.g., Federal, State, regional, tribal, city,
county), or some combination thereof.
• Incident Action Plan (IAP): An oral or written plan containing general objectives
reflecting the overall strategy for managing an incident. It may include the
identification of operational resources and assignments.
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Official's Guide to Disasters
• It may also include attachments that provide direction and important information
for management of the incident during one or more operational periods.
• Incident Commander (IC): The individual responsible for all incident activities,
including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and the
release of resources. The IC has overall authority and responsibility for
conducting incident operations and is responsible for the management of all
incident operations at the incident site.
• Mutual Aid or Assistance Agreement: Written or oral agreement between and
among agencies/organizations and/or jurisdictions that provides a mechanism to
quickly obtain emergency assistance in the form of personnel, equipment,
materials, and other associated services. The primary objective is to facilitate
rapid, short-term deployment of emergency support prior to, during, and/or after
an incident. These must be executed prior to a disaster and must contain the
terms for charges for mutual aid, but cannot have a contingency clause (i.e.,
"Payment will be provided only upon receipt of funding from FEMA")
• Public Information Officer (PIO): A member of the Command Staff responsible
for interfacing with the public and media and/or with other agencies with incident-
related information requirements.
• Unified Command (UC): An Incident Command System application used when
• more than one agency has incident jurisdiction or when incidents cross political
jurisdictions. Agencies work together through the designated members of the UC,
often the senior persons from agencies and/or disciplines participating in the UC,
to establish a common set of objectives and strategies and a single Incident
Action Plan.
• NIMS Page 2.3
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• ' to Disasters
Orange County EOC ICS Organizational Chart:
(This chart depicts how the County EOC will function during disasters.)
NIMS EOG Commander
PIO Deputy EOC
Commander
Safety Officer Liaison Officer
Agency Reps
Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance and Admin
Chief Chief Chief section Chief.
Emergency Services Service Branch
Branch Manager Manager
Heafth and Human Support Branch
Services Branch Manager
Manager
Public
Works/Infrastructure
Branch Manager
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Official's Guide to Disasters
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,lip
Emergency Management Cycle
• Emergency management is cyclical and on-going, with four key phases: Mitigation,
Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. The phases often overlap. The following
sections will provide information about each of these phases.
Mitigation
Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and
property from hazards and their effects as well as reduce the effects of those that are
unavoidable. The goal of mitigation is to create economically secure, socially stable,
better built, and more environmentally sound communities that remain resilient during
times of disaster.
As part of our mitigation strategy, we have identified the following mitigation priorities in
Orange County:
• Identify existing and potential mitigation projects.
• Look for funding support that can be used for identified mitigation projects.
• Pursue mitigation projects that improve the resiliency of our critical infrastructure.
• Compile a list of high-risk areas within Orange County.
• Continue outreach to the critical communities that are at risk during disasters.
• Emergency Management Cycle Page 3.1
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Official's Guide to Disasters
Preparedness
Preparedness within the field of emergency management can be best defined as a state
of readiness to respond to a disaster, crisis, or any other type of emergency.
Preparedness activities, such as planning, community education, training, and
exercises, occur before an incident or disaster happens. It is important that you prepare
by having plans and supplies for both your home and workplace. Equally important is
communicating and practicing those plans with your family and co-workers.
What YOU can do to prepare:
• Make sure you have developed an adequate emergency preparedness plan for
you and your family. You can find more information about preparedness via
www.ReadyO range.org.
• Discuss emergency preparedness with your staff.
• Have water, non-perishable food, essential documents, phone numbers, and
other supplies on hand to be able to be self-sufficient for 72 hours.
• Make sure your personal vehicle is ready to go (chains, fuel, tires, etc.).
• Get a briefing on preparedness activities from the appropriate official.
• Attend training, either locally or online through FEMA at the Emergency
Management Institute (EMI). http://training.fema.clov/EMIWeb/IS
Response •
In the event of a major disaster, the county and additional levels of government will work
together to respond successfully to disasters through the North Carolina Emergency
Services hierarchy. Your role as an elected official is not primarily operational but there
are a number of responsibilities you will carry out in the event of disaster.
During a disaster or incident, you are likely to receive calls from your constituents.
Through these conversations, you may be able to collect information from residents and
businesses that you can funnel to the appropriate departments for action, via the EOC
(919-245-6150).
It is up to everyone, especially elected and appointed officials, to help manage public
expectations about what government can or cannot provide during or after a disaster or
incident. It is helpful when you assure constituents that local government is still
functioning and assure them that we will work very hard to get back to normal as quickly
as possible.
In the event of an emergency situation, the county uses the CodeRED® alerting system
to spread information across the county. This system utilizes the following elements:
• Phone notifications
• Email notifications •
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Official's Guide to Disasters
• Text notifications
Orange County Emergency Services has the ability to request resources from agencies
outside of the county, including food, water, and other packaged commodities. For
reference, the dispensing locations for these and medical items are:
• Cedar Ridge High School (1125 New Grady Brown School Road, Hillsborough)
• Stanford Middle School (308 Orange High School Road, Hillsborough)
• Smith Middle School (9201 Seawell School Road, Chapel Hill)
• Carrboro High School (201 Rock Haven Road, Carrboro)
• Dean Smith Center- UNC (300 Skipper Bowles Drive, Chapel Hill)
o (Alternate- Fetzer Gymnasium- 301 South Road, Chapel Hill)
We generally recommend that you do not respond to disaster scenes because of safety
concerns for you as well as emergency responders working at the scene. However, if
you choose to respond to the scene, we ask that you follow these guidelines:
• Report to the Incident Commander or Command Post as soon as you arrive at
the scene. This person or post is responsible for directing all activities at the
scene. The Incident Commander should be located at the Command Post and
will be wearing official identification.
• The Fire or Police Department may establish a "Hot Zone," where only persons
with the proper protective clothing and training are allowed to enter due to
hazards which may have created health or safety issues.
• Park your car in a safe place away from the incident and in an area where your
vehicle does not obstruct the road. Blocked roads may slow emergency vehicles
from reaching their destination.
• Pay attention to your surroundings. Cars strike many responders every year
because they are operating in the roadways where drivers are easily distracted
by the disaster or incident.
• Watch where you step. The scene may contain hazardous materials that can
wind up on your shoes, which can then wind up in your car, home, or business.
Do not walk into or touch spilled material. Avoid inhaling fumes, smoke, and
vapors. Avoid floodwater as it may be contaminated, and never drive through a
flooded roadway.
• Wear appropriate clothing and if necessary, request personal protection
equipment (i.e. hardhats, masks, etc.)
• Remember, transportation disasters and acts of terrorism are also potential crime
scenes so refrain from touching or disturbing any potential evidence.
Recovery
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Official's Guide to Disasters
Recovery involves all of the activities that are necessary to be able to return the area to
normal. This involves decisions and actions related to rebuilding homes, debris removal,
replacing property, resuming employment, restoring businesses, and permanently
repairing and rebuilding infrastructure. Recovery is often the hardest part of the
response to disasters and may continue for an extended period of time. As soon as it is
safe to do so, the County, with assistance from the municipalities, first responders and
local community groups, will conduct preliminary damage assessments to determine the
level of property damage and the parts of the critical infrastructure that may be
damaged.
During the recovery phase, you may find it helpful to get briefings from County staff as
to the extent of the damage and status of the recovery process. These briefings will be
held regularly and scheduled, as the conditions require.
The overall priority for service is the same across all jurisdictional lines. These include:
• Life safety
• Critical facilities/ Incident stabilization
• Property damage
Residents have their own priorities, which may be different from those of the County.
Citizens are often unaware of the scope of the disaster or incident; they may have •
unrealistic expectations about what local government can do for them as everyone
works to recover. Some of the biggest issues that occur after the disaster or incident
involve the following:
• Debris Removal: Debris removal on private property is typically not covered by
FEMA or the County and is the property owner's responsibility. If you have a
constituent who has a significant problem with debris removal, call Orange
County Emergency Services (919-245-6150), not 911.
• Rebuilding: Residents may want to rebuild their house or business in the flood
plain. This brings up zoning and ordinance issues. Vulnerable residents and
populations may also face problems with the cost of rebuilding.
• Response Time: Residents may think that government is slow to respond. It
typically takes the federal government at least 72 to 96 hours to respond to a
local emergency.
• Public Information: Residents may report difficulty getting critical information
about the disaster or incident from the news media. Despite our efforts to
communicate through the media, by issuing regular news releases, local media
often choose to edit the information significantly, which can make it inaccurate, or
not use it at all in their reports. However, we are continuing our efforts to foster
positive working relationships with the media as these relationships are critical
during times of disasters.
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Official's Guide to Disasters
During the immediate recovery phase, the County and municipalities may be able to
provide drinking water, food, emergency shelter, and ice through local and state
resources. OCES normally does not provide batteries, flashlights, generators,
sandbags, and medicine, but these items might be purchased through retail
establishments. These items normally should be included in your personal disaster kits
before a disaster or incident occurs. It is best for residents to have enough basic
supplies on hand prior to an emergency to be self-sufficient for 72 hours.
The coordination of the cost-recovery process during and after a disaster will be
handled by Orange County Emergency Services to limit confusion, but elected officials
can aid the process by assuring that the following vital documents are consistently
maintained:
• Original plans and drawings for all County facilities
• Cost data from any recent improvements or additions
• Copies of all applicable codes and standards
• Pre-event photographs
FEMA provides individual assistance by helping citizens apply for low-cost loans from
the Small Business Administration, providing temporary housing, and providing some
grants to replace items not covered by insurance. One of the most important
contributions that elected officials can make is to point your constituents in the
• right direction for the information they need, whether it is a FEMA tele-
registration number or a disaster field office, or to volunteer opportunities with
debris removal or other cleanup activities. If you have a constituent who has a
special need for items or services, contact the EOC (919-245-6150), not 911.
• Emergency Management Cycle Page 3.5
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• Flow of Resources
Orange County manages dozens of emergency events on a daily basis. Thousands of
emergency responses occur every year that are managed in their entirety by the county
staff members.
Municipal County State Federal
Resources Resources —� Resources Resources
When events necessitate resources beyond the local resources, they first reach out
within Orange County for agencies that can offer specialized equipment, personnel, and
resources. These agreements are pre-existing and are recognized as "mutual aid" type
agreements between agencies. The county uses mutual aid agreements on a frequent
basis, both from within and with surrounding county agencies.
These agencies include:
• Fire departments
• Emergency Medical Services
• Law enforcement agencies
• Non-profit community partner agencies (Non-Governmental Organizations or
NGO's), such as the American Red Cross.
MISSION REQUEST FLOW CHART
'IMYtuN aid
ouMY
RCC Regonal Coordination Center
•
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When resources beyond Orange County are necessary, all requests for additional i
resources or aid are made through Orange County Emergency Services, who in turn
makes requests through the North Carolina Division of Emergency Management
(NCEM). NCEM can assist in the procurement of logistical supplies, additional or
specialized equipment, personnel or specialized teams, and technical experts. The
North Carolina National Guard is also activated through this system, but only at the
decision or request of the Governor.
North Carolina can also receive assistance from other states through a mutual aid
pact or Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC). If resources are
needed beyond state resources, NCEM makes requests through EMAC or Federal
agencies, such as Homeland Security (DHS) or the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) for additional assistance
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Official's Guide to Disasters
Declarations
Local government has direct responsibility for the safety of its residents. Orange County
Emergency Services (OCES) is responsible for coordinating emergency management
activities inside Orange County and is recognized by the state through North Carolina
Emergency Management. State government has additional legal responsibilities for
emergency response and recovery. The Federal government also has legal authority in
some instances, and is a source of fiscal resources, as well as specialized personnel
and equipment if local need is greater than locally available resources.
Specific areas of authority and responsibilities for Emergency Management agencies
are clearly stated in state law and local ordinances. These laws provide for a specific
line of succession for elected officials to ensure continuity of government and leadership
during an emergency (Sec. 14-41) and are as follows: the chair of the board of
commissioners, the vice-chair, the county manager, the assistant county manager, the
emergency management director, and the assistant emergency management director.
The emergency management director or his assistants also have the authority to
evacuate the county when immediacy of necessary action precludes contact with the
chair. The Orange County Attorney's Office will provide legal guidance as needed
throughout the process.
It is better to err on the side of caution when declaring a state of emergency and
• can be cancelled if the situation is determined not to warrant a declaration.
Declaring early can save valuable time, should you need to eventually seek a federal
declaration of a state of emergency.
It is also important to remember to officially terminate a state of emergency when the
disaster is over and the situation is once more under control. All points of the
declaration remain in effect until it is officially terminated. An example of Orange
County's proclamation of a state of emergency can be found in Appendix I.
Declaring a State of Emergency
State of emergency defined: (G.S. 14-288) Condition that exists whenever, during
times of public crisis, disaster, rioting, catastrophe, or similar public emergency, public
safety authorities are unable to maintain public order or afford adequate protection for
lives or property, or whenever the occurrence of any such event is imminent.
Who can declare: Governor, mayor, municipal official, chair of the board of
commissioners or county official, any chief executive official or military commanding
"acting under the authority of any other applicable statute or provision of the common
law to preserve the public peace in a state of emergency."
What it means: Activates local ordinances and any and all applicable local plans,
mutual assistance compacts, and agreements.
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Official's Guide to Disasters
f assistance. Local ordinances may restrict or prohibit
•
Also authorizes the furnishing o ass st y p
movement of people in public places; operation of businesses; possession,
transportation, sale, purchase, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, dangerous
weapons, substances, and gasoline, as well as "other reasonably necessary" measures,
such as enacting a curfew. It is important to note that the declaration process does not
require that all of these elements be enacted, and officials may decide that only certain
components are rE�levant to the situation at hand.
In Orange County the 911 communication center is on duty 24/7 so that when an
emergency occurs, appropriate resources are immediately activated. Orange County
Emergency Services also communicates regularly with h neighboring 1 urisdictions,
as well
as the State of North Carolina, to monitor conditions in and around Orange County.
Depending on the scope, nature, and resources required for an individual disaster, the
County may activate their Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to serve as the
coordination point for the appropriate response. The objectives of the EOC are:
• Manage and coordinate emergency response and recovery operations
• Coordinate with appropriate federal, state, and other local government agencies
as well as the private sector and volunteer agencies.
• Establish priorities and resolve any conflicting demands for support
• Prepare and disseminate emergency public information to inform, alert, and warn •
the public
• Disseminate damage information and other essential data.
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Official's Guide to Disasters
• The following steps are required to receive federal assistance. The Chair or Vice Chair
of the Board of County Commissioners is the only official that may issue the
proclamation that will begin the process for requesting Federal involvement. In the
absence of the Chair or Vice Chair, the next individual in the order of succession a
(p e g
4.3) can issue the proclamation. County departments, as well as municipal officials, will
play key roles in providing information necessary for such a proclamation and will be
involved throughout the entire process.
Conditions
Chair/Vice The Chair/Vice The
• • • •
Chair
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disaster has is i requests
Board Issues a -1
Board request
likely to occur or Presidential• • of declaration from
has
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Local municipalities can declare a local emergency prior to County wide, state or
Federal declarations. However, in many situations, local municipalities and the County
can issue coordinated or combined proclamations when an event is affecting both
governmental bodies equally. This should be given consideration since the assistance
we will receive from the Federal Government will be coordinated by the State through
Orange County Emergency Services, then to the municipalities.
Also, remember to officially terminate the emergency declaration once the
situation has returned to normal.
• Handling a Disaster Page 4.5
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Points to Remember: •
1. Promote Community Preparedness and Mitigation
Your role in emergency management begins long before the county actually
experiences a disaster. Encouraging citizen preparedness and implementing
mitigation policy can significantly reduce costs associated with disaster response
and recovery, as well as better protect citizens from the potentially devastating
effects of disasters.
2. Work through the Incident Commander and NIMS
On site of a large emergency, there will be an Incident Commander. They can
usually be identified by an Incident Commander vest and will most likely be located
at or near the command post. Access to the site, on scene information, safety
concerns, and other important data can be obtained from the Incident Commander
(IC). All personnel on an emergency scene must coordinate through the on-scene
IC
3. Review Incident Action Plans
In all significant emergency events, Orange County Emergency Services (OCES) •
and municipalities will issue Incident Action Plans (IAPs). An IAP formally
documents incident goals (known as control objectives in NIMS), operational period
objectives, and the response strategy defined by incident command during response
planning. The IAP acts as a road map for disaster response and recovery.
4. Attend briefings
In a major emergency event, there will be periodic briefings of key county staff.
Authority rests with the chief local agency official to decide when, where, and how
these briefings take place. These meetings may be joint county meetings. Issues,
facts, incident needs, strategies and planned approaches to resolving the disaster at
hand will be discussed. Briefing information will be requested electronically upon
request from the EOC. The briefings can be held in large county meeting rooms
or in the form of conference calls—generally not inside the Emergency
Operations Centers.
5. Ask questions
As you have questions about what operations staff are doing or not doing, inquire
through the County Manager's office. Staff welcomes the opportunity to share with
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Official's Guide to Disasters
. the elected officials the strategies that are being employed. Contact numbers are
listed at the end of this document for your reference.
6. Consistent public messages
During large and complex emergencies there may be key points that need to be
communicated to the public each day. These may be progress steps or focus areas
for that particular day or key information to the public. Presenting a clear, unified
message is important to accomplishing the mission. The Public Information Officer
will prepare all messages to be disseminated.
7. Agencies work within established priorities
In an emergency, each department will conduct their work under established
priorities. Of highest priority is life safety, then incident stabilization, and finally,
property conservation.
8. Request additional resources via NCEM
• All requests for resources must go through the North Carolina Emergency
Management (NCEM) system, and will be initiated by OCES. The request chain is
as follows:
• From local department to Local Emergency Coordination Center (ECC);
• From Local EOC to State EOC;
• From State EOC to federal government.
This ensures both delivery of resources, and appropriate qualification for
reimbursements. Local area resources should always be exhausted before
requesting resources through the State.
III
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Media Guide •
The general goals of managed public information are:
• To provide accurately and timely updates to the public and media.
• To minimize confusion, misinformation, and rumors during an emergency.
• n effort to minimize the loss
To improve coordination among effected parties in a e
p g p
of life and property before, during, and after an emergency.
During a disaster or incident, all media requests should come through the designated
Public Information Officer (PIO) or communications staff first, so that information that is
released is consistent and accurate. Depending on the size and magnitude of the
disaster a single media center may be established. The on-scene IC or PIO can be with
you during an interview if needed. If you cultivate good relationships with the media
before an emergency, you will receive better support from them during an emergency.
Use the following tips when responding to questions from the media:
• Say the most important thing first and then elaborate if necessary.
• Answer all questions directly and as completely as possible.
• If you do not know the answer to a question, say so. Do not guess or exaggerate.
Erroneous information can damage your credibility and can cause the public to
make bad choices. Get the reporter's contact information, and call back when •
you have the answer.
• Avoid using "no comment." No comment gives the impression that you have
something to hide.
• There is no such thing as "off the record." Anything you say to a reporter is fair
game.
• Never argue with reporters or lose your cool. Do not be rude even if the reporter
appears to doubt your credibility.
• Be sure the reporter understands your answers and is not putting words in your
mouth.
• Avoid answering speculative "what if" questions.
• Be sure to emphasize positive points you want to make.
• Speak naturally and use terms the public can understand. Avoid using acronyms
and jargon.
• Make one point at a time. During times of high stress, people are generally only
able to remember short, concise bits of information.
• If you must read a prepared statement, review the information before going to the
press. Read in a relaxed manner.
• Be believable, personable, and conversational. Credibility is vital to getting your
message across.
• Coordinate any requests to tour the scene with the Incident Commander or PIO
before making any promises to the media.
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• Let the County Manager, the EOC, and the PIO know if you talk with the media
by calling the EOC (919-245-6150). This is important so that accurate and
consistent information is being disseminated in a coordinated manner.
Types of Media Interviews
Television: It is natural to become anxious when a TV personality requests an
interview. Do not think you have to have the on-air demeanor of a TV personality-the
public knows that this is not who you are. The important thing is to appear honest,
straightforward, and concerned. Look at the reporter, not the camera. Think of it as one-
on-one conversation with someone you like and you will look more relaxed. Be prepared
with visuals that may help make your story better. Suggest meeting the reporter at an
area appropriate to the situation to create a better visual location.
Radio: Most radio interviews are conducted over the phone. Prepare by cutting out all
distractions. You might want to hold all your calls and shut your door to avoid people
entering your office. Talk in a completely normal voice. It is okay to have an accent or
talk in your normal voice that might not be good for radio. Just talk so that you can be
understood.
Print: Print interviews usually last longer than radio or television interviews. The
reporter will want more details. Make sure to block enough time to do a print interview. If
needed, pull other people from the County for the interview, especially if they have
expertise on your program/issue.
i
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Conclusion:
Elected and appointed officials are responsible for ensuring the public safety and
welfare of the people of their jurisdiction. Specifically, these officials should help provide
strategic guidance and resources during preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.
Emergency management, including preparation and training for effective response, is a
primary obligation of local leaders.
Chief elected or appointed officials must have a clear understanding of their roles and
responsibilities in order to be successful in an emergency situation. At times, these roles
may require providing direction and guidance to constituents during an incident, but
their day-to-day activities do not focus on emergency management and response. On
an ongoing basis, elected and appointed officials may be called upon to help shape or
modify laws, policies, and budgets to aid preparedness efforts and to improve
emergency management and response capabilities. Remember, resilient communities
begin with prepared individuals.
If you have any questions or would like to learn more about emergency management,
please contact us at (919) 245-6100. Thank you for the service that you provide for the
citizens of Orange County.
Handling a Disaster Page 4.10 •
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Appendices
A. Important Contacts.........................................................................................5.2
B. Useful Websites..............................................................................................5.5
C. Emergency Ordinances for Orange County....................................................5.6
D. Hazard Assessment .......................................................................................5.11
E. Critical Incident Information............................................................................5.14
F. Acronym List...................................................................................................5.15
G. Creating an Emergency Kit.............................................................................5.16
H. Draft Emergency Proclamation and Termination.....................................5.17
•
• Appendices Page 5.1
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Appendix A: Important Contacts
Orange County
Department/Title Number
County Manager (919) 245-2300
Assistant County Manager (919) 245-2308
Assistant County Manager (919) 235-2307
Emergency Operations (919) 245-6150
Center
Emergency Services (919) 245-6100
Emergency Services 24 (919) 732-5063
Hour Warning Point
Sheriff (919) 245-2900
Asset Management (919) 245-2650 •
Services Director
Animal Services (919) 942-7387
Social Services (919) 245-2800
Health Department (919) 245-2411
Dept of Environment, (919)245-2522
Agriculture, Parks and Rec
Carrboro
Department/Title Number
Manager (919) 918-7315
Assistant Manager (919) 918-7314
Public Works (919) 918-7427
Appendices Page 5.2 •
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• Police Chief (919) 918-7412
Fire Chief (919) 918-7349
Chapel Hill
Department/Title Number
Manager (919) 968-2743
Public Works Director (919) 969-5100
Police Chief (919) 968-2760
Fire Chief (919) 968-2781
EM Coordinator (919) 968-2781
Hillsborough
• Department/Title Number
Manager (919) 732-1270 Ext. 80
Manager/Public Works (919) 732-1270 Ext. 78
Police Chief (919) 732-9381
Fire Marshal (919) 241-4801
Orange Rural Fire Chief (919) 732-7911
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Department/Title Number
Chancellor (919) 962-1365
Public Safety Director (919) 962-3951
Department of Public (919) 962-8100
Safety
• Appendices Page 5.3
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North Carolina State Emergency Management •
Department/Title Number
Director (919) 825-2500
Central Branch Manager (336) 380-5852
•
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Appendix B: Useful Websites
Orange County Disaster Preparedness (www.readyorange.org)
NC Preparedness (www.readync.org)
FEMA Preparedness (httl3://www.ready.aov/)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (www.fema.gov)
North Carolina Emergency Management Agency (www.ncem.org)
Raleigh TV News (www.wral.com)
Expert Weather (www.intellicast.com)
National Weather Service Forecast Office in Raleiah, NC
(http://www.erh.noaa.gov/rah/)
Orange County Red Cross (http://www.cncredcross.orci/)
• Department of Homeland Security (http://www.dhs.gov)
Orange County (http://www.co.orange.nc.us/)
Town of Carrboro (http://www.ci.carrboro.nc.us/)
Town of Chapel Hill (http://www.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us/)
Town of Hillsborough (http://www.ci.hillsborough.nc.us/)
• Appendices Page 5.5
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Appendix C• Emergency Ordinances for Orange County
There are a number of laws that cover local emergencies and the declaration of a local
emergency by a local jurisdiction. In general, North Carolina General Statute (NCGS)
166A (otherwise known as the North Carolina Emergency Management Act) provides
guidance for the creation of local ordinances that cover disasters. For Orange County,
Chapter 14, Sections 14-31 through 14-43 provides the following information related to
local emergencies:
Sec. 14-31. Restrictions authorized.
(a) A state of emergency shall be deemed to exist whenever during times of public
crisis, disaster, rioting, catastrophe, or similar public emergency, for any reason, public
safety authorities are unable to maintain public order or afford adequate protection for
lives, safety, or property, or whenever the occurrence of any such condition is imminent.
(b) In the event of an existing or threatened state of emergency endangering the lives,
safety, health and welfare of the people within the county, or threatening damages to or
destruction of property, the chair of the board of commissioners is authorized and
empowered under G.S. 14-288.13 and 166A-8 to issue a public proclamation declaring
to all persons the existence of such a state of emergency and in order to more
effectively protect the lives and property of people within the county, to place in effect
any or all of the restrictions authorized in this article. •
(c) The chair is authorized and empowered to limit by the proclamation the application
of all or any part of such restrictions to any area specifically designated or described
within the county and to specific hours of the day or night, and to exempt from all or any
part of such restrictions, while acting in the line of and within the scope of their
respective duties, emergency management officials, law enforcement officers,
firefighters and other public employees, rescue squad members, doctors, nurses,
employees of hospitals and other medical facilities; American Red Cross volunteers and
paid staff; on-duty military personnel, whether state or federal; on-duty employees of
public utilities, public transportation companies, and newspaper, magazine, radio
broadcasting, and television broadcasting corporations operated for profit; and such
other classes of persons as may be essential to the preservation of public order and
immediately necessary to serve the safety, health and welfare needs of people within
the county.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 1, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-32. Proclamation imposing prohibitions and restrictions.
(a) The chair of the board of commissioners by proclamation may impose the
prohibitions and restrictions specified in sections 14-33--14-37 in the manner described
in those sections.
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• The chair may impose as many of those specified prohibitions and restrictions as he
finds are necessary, because of an emergency, to maintain an acceptable level of
public order and services and to protect lives, safety, and property. The chair shall recite
his findings in the proclamation.
(b) The proclamation shall be in writing. The chair shall take reasonable steps to give
notice of the terms of the proclamation to those affected by it and shall post a copy of it
in the county courthouse. The chair shall send reports of the substance of the
proclamation to the mass communications media that serve the affected area. The chair
shall retain a text of the proclamation and furnish upon request certified copies of it.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 2, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-33. Evacuation.
(a) The chair of the board of commissioners may:
(1) Direct and compel the evacuation of all or part of the population of the county;
(2) Prescribe routes, modes of transportation and destination in connection with
evacuation; and
(3) Control ingress and egress of a disaster area, the movement of persons within the
area, and the occupancy of premises in the area.
• (b) Details of the evacuation may be set forth or amended in a subsequent
proclamation, which shall be well publicized.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 3, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-34. Curfew.
(a) The proclamation referred to in section 14-32 may impose a curfew prohibiting in
certain areas and during certain periods the appearance in public of anyone who is not
a member of an exempted class. The proclamation shall specify the geographical areas
and the period during each 24-hour day to which the curfew applies. The chair of the
board of commissioners may exempt from some or all of the curfew restrictions classes
of people whose exemption the chair of the board of commissioners finds necessary for
the preservation of the public health, safety, and welfare. The proclamation shall state
the exempted classes and the restrictions from which each is exempted.
(b) Unless otherwise specified in the proclamation, the curfew shall apply during the
specified period each day until the chair, by proclamation, removes the curfew.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 4, eff. 9-18-1990)
• Appendices Page 5.7
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Sec. 14-35. Restrictions on possession, consumption, or transfer of alcoholic •
beverages.
A proclamation under this article may prohibit the possession or consumption of any
alcoholic beverage, including beer, wine and spirituous liquor, other than on one's own
premises, and may prohibit the transfer, transportation, sale or purchases of any
alcoholic beverage within the area of the county described in the proclamation. The
prohibition, if imposed, may apply to transfers of alcoholic beverages by employees of
alcoholic beverage control stores as well as by anyone else within the geographical
area described.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 5, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-36. Restriction on possession, transportation, transfer of dangerous
weapons and substances.
(a) Definitions. The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this section,
shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this subsection, except where the context
clearly indicates a different meaning:
Dangerous weapon or substance means:
(1) Any deadly weapon, ammunition, explosive, incendiary device, radioactive material
or device as defined in G.S. 14-288.8(c)(5), gasoline, or other instrument or substances
designed for a use that carries a threat of serious bodily injury or destruction of property. •
(2) Any other instrument or substance that is capable of being used to inflict serious
bodily injury or destruction of property, when the circumstances indicate that there is
some probability that such instrument or substance will be so used.
(3) Any part or ingredient in any instrument or substance included in subsection (1)
and (2) of this definition when the circumstances indicate a probability that such a part
or ingredient will be so used.
(b) Authorized. A proclamation under this article may prohibit the transportation or
possession off one's own premises, or the sale or purchase of any dangerous weapon
or substance. The chair of the board of commissioners may exempt from some or all of
the restrictions classes of people whose possession, transfer or transportation of certain
dangerous weapons or substances is necessary to the preservation of the public's
health, safety or welfare. The proclamation shall state the exempted classes and the
restrictions from which each is exempted.
(c) Scope. If imposed, the restrictions shall apply throughout the jurisdiction of the
county or such part of the county as designated in the proclamation.
(d) Penalty for violation of section. A violation of this section shall be punishable as
provided in G.S. 14-288.7.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 6, eff. 9-18-1990)
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• Sec. 14-37. Restrictions on access to areas.
(a) A proclamation under this article may prohibit obtaining access or attempting to
obtain access to any area designated in the manner described in this section, in
violation of any order, clearly posted notice, or barricade indicating that access is denied
or restricted.
(b) Areas to which access is denied or restricted shall be designated by the emergency
management director and his subordinates or law enforcement officers when directed in
the proclamation to do so by the chair of the board of commissioners. When acting
under this authority, the emergency management director and his subordinates may
restrict or deny access to any area, street, highway or location within the county if that
restriction or denial of access or use is reasonably necessary to promote efforts being
made to overcome the emergency or to prevent further aggravation of the emergency.
(c) The proclamation may prohibit or restrict the following:
(1) Movement of people in public places;
(2) The operation of offices, business establishments and other places to or from
which people may travel or at which they may congregate; and
(3) Other activities or conditions the control of which may be reasonably necessary to
maintain order and protect lives or property during the state of emergency, within the
• area designated in the proclamation.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), §§ 7, 8, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-38. Removal of prohibitions and restrictions.
The chair of the board of commissioners shall by proclamation terminate the entire
declaration of emergency or remove any of the prohibitions and restrictions when the
emergency no longer requires them, or when directed to do so by the board of
commissioners.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 9, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-39. Superseding and amendatory proclamations.
The chair of the board of commissioners in his discretion may invoke the restrictions
authorized by this article in separate proclamations, and may amend any proclamation
by means of a superseding proclamation in accordance with the procedures set forth in
section 14-32.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 10, eff. 9-18-1990)
• Appendices Page 5.9
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Sec. 14-40. Termination of proclamation. •
Any proclamation issued under this article shall expire five days after its last imposition
unless sooner terminated in writing under the same procedures set forth in section 14-
32 for proclamations.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 11, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-41. Administration of article in case of absence or disability of chair.
In case of the absence or disability of the chair of the board of commissioners, such
other person as may be designated by the board of commissioners shall have an
exercise of all the powers in this article given the chair. The line of succession shall be
the vice-chair, the county manager, the assistant county manager, the emergency
management director, and the assistant emergency management director. The
emergency management director or his assistants shall have the authority to invoke
section 14-33 when immediacy of necessary action precludes contact with the chair.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 12, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-42. Penalty for violation of article.
Except as provided in section 14-36, any person violating any prohibition or restriction
imposed by a proclamation authorized by this article shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
punishable upon conviction in accordance with section 1-7, as provided by G.S. 14-4. •
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 13, eff. 9-18-1990)
Sec. 14-43. Territorial applicability.
This article shall not apply within the corporate limits of any municipality, or within any
area of the county over which the municipality has jurisdiction to enact general police
power ordinances, unless the municipality by resolution consents to its application or
the mayor of the municipality has requested its application, in which event it shall apply
to such areas as fully and to the same extent as elsewhere in the county.
(Ord. of 9-18-1990(1), § 15, eff. 9-18-1990)
State law references: Authority to declare a state of emergency, G.S. 14-288.12; local
emergency authorizations, G.S. 166A-8.
Appendices Page 5.10 •
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Appendix D: Hazards in Orange County
Hazard Likelihood of Occurrence
The Orange County Hazard Mitigation (OCHM) Team estimates the likelihood of each
type of hazard occurring in Orange County. This estimate is based on the local history
of the events.
➢ Highly Likely: Near 100% probability in the next year.
➢ Likely: Between 10% - 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next ten years.
➢ Possible: Between 1% - 10% probability in the next year or at least one chance
in the next 100 years.
➢ Unlikely: Less than 1% probability in the next year, or less than one chance in
the next 100 years.
Hazard Prone Areas
Certain areas, such as floodplains and steep slopes, are more prone to hazards than
others. Many of these are readily identifiable on maps. The OCHM Team identified
those areas that are most vulnerable to each natural hazard and determined whether
they cover a small, medium, or large proportion of Orange County.
• All but two of the types of natural hazards most likely to affect Orange County (Severe
Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Tornadoes, Drought and Heat Waves, Flooding,
and Landslides) have equal potential to occur anywhere within the county and its
municipalities (i.e.: one area of the county is not more likely to be affected than
another). Landslides are more likely to occur in the southeastern portion of the county
due to the types of soils and topography prevalent in that geographic area. Flooding,
while it can conceivably occur anywhere in the county, is more likely in floodplain areas.
Hazard Impact
Some natural hazards have greater impacts than others, but occur infrequently (severe
earthquakes) and others hazards occur annually or several time a year but cause less
damage (thunderstorms). The impact is a combination of the magnitude of the event,
how large an area within the community is affected and the amount of human activity in
that area. The following table explains how the impact is measured.
• Appendices Page 5.11
Version Date-April 9, 2012
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Measurement of Types of Hazard Impacts
•
Yp P
Magnitude
(percent of
Type property in county Severity
damaged)
Catastrophic More than 50% Multiple deaths, complete shutdown of facilities
for 30 days or more. 50% of property damaged.
Critical 25%to 50% Multiple severe injuries, complete shutdown of
critical facilities for 2 weeks, more than 25% of
property damaged.
Limited 10% to 25% Some injuries, complete shutdown of critical
facilities for more than a week. More than 10% of
property damaged.
Negligible Less than 10% Minor injuries, minimal quality of life impact,
shutdown of critical facilities for 24-hours or less.
Less than 10% of property is severely damaged.
•
Orange County Hazard Identification and Analysis
Impacts
Likelihood of Catastrophic/
Hazard Occurrence Area Critical/Limited
Small/Medium/ Negligible
Large Hazard Index
Hurricanes Possible Large Critical Low
Floods Possible Large Negligible High
Tornadoes Unlikely Medium Limited Moderate
Drought and Heat Likely Large Limited Moderate
Wave
Nor'easter Unlikely Medium Limited/ Low
Negligible
Appendices Page 5.12 •
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•
Orange Count Hazard Identification and Analysis
9 Y Y
Impacts
Likelihood of Area Catastrophic/Hazard Occurrence Critical/Limited Small/Medium/ Negligible
Large Hazard Index
Thunderstorms Highly Likely Large Negligible Low
Severe Winter Likely Large Negligible Moderate
Storm
Wildfire Possible Medium Negligible/Limitei Low
Chemical Spills Likely Medium Limited Moderate
River Basins Possible Large Limited Low
Dam Failure
• Earthquake Possible Large Critical Low
Tsunamis Unlikely Medium Limited Low
Volcano Unlikely Medium Critical Low
Landslide Possible Small Negligible Moderate
Plane Crash Possible Small Limited Low
Data Sources: North Carolina Emergency Management, Orange County Emergency
Management, "Keeping Natural Hazards From Becoming Disasters"
• Appendices Page 5.13
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Appendix E: Critical Incident Information •
In a disaster situation, in order to properly manage the incident, information is crucial.
Emergency Services strives to gather the following information and have it available for
you, the media and those 'working' the event:
Location
Where to report (for shelter volunteers, points of distribution, etc.)
Best route/transportation
Available communication
Incident size-up
Type of incident
Magnitude of damage
Best/worst case scenario
When it occurred
Damage
Size of impact
# of injuries/deaths
Property damage
Other impacts (Economy, environment, etc.) •
Resources
Who's the Incident Commander?
EOC status and location
Available resources (internal and external)
Resources required
Other officials and leaders notified
Should you be requested to the EOC, this critical information will be given to you to
allow preparation for EOC activities as necessary
Appendices Page 5.14 •
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• Appendix F: Acronym List
• DHS: Department of Homeland Security
• EMAC: Emergency Management Assistance Compact
• EMI: Emergency Management Institute
• EMS: Emergency Medical Services
• EOC: Emergency Operations Center
• EOP: Emergency Operations Plan
• FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency
• IAP: Incident Action Plan
• ICS: Incident Command System
• IC: Incident Commander
• • JIS: Joint Information System
• NCEM: North Carolina Division of Emergency Management
• NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
• NIMS: National Incident Management System
• OCES: Orange County Emergency Services
• PIO: Public Information Officer
• UC: Unified Command
• Appendices Page 5.15
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Appendix G: Creating an Emeraency Kit •
A good basic emergency kit should include the following items:
• Water (one gallon a day, per person; plan for at least three days)
• Food (three day supply)
• NOAA Weather Radio
• Crank radio
• Flashlight(s)
• Batteries
• First aid kit
• Dust mask(s)
• Local maps
• Moist towelettes
• Garbage bags
• Cell phone and charger
• Wrench or pliers
• Prescription medications
• Can opener
• Matches
• Feminine supplies and personal hygiene items
• Mess kit •
• Change of clothing
• Sleeping bag
If you have a pet or an infant, be sure to bring food and supplies for them as well. A
more comprehensive guide to creating an emergency kit can be found at
www.ready.gov and
http://www.fema.ciov/areyoureadv/assemble disaster supplies kit.shtm.
Appendices Page 5.16 •
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• Appendix H: Draft Emergency Proclamation and Termination
PROCLAMATION
OF AN ORANGECOUNTY
STATE OF EMERGENCY
Section 1. Pursuant to County Emergency Management Ordinance and Chapter
166A of the General Statutes and Article 36A Chapter 14 of the General
Statutes, I have determined that a State of Emergency as defined in the
Ordinance exist in the County of Orange.
Section 2. I, therefore proclaim the existence of a State of Emergency in the County
of Orange.
Section 3. 1 hereby order all county law enforcement officers and employees and all
other emergency response personnel subject to my control to cooperate in
the enforcement and implementation of the provisions of the county
emergency ordinances which are set forth.
• Section 4. 1 hereby authorize the Orange County Emergency Operations Center to
be activated at 7:00 AM, Saturday, January 30, 2010 for as long as
required.
Section 5. 1 hereby authorize the Orange County Manager to take protective action
including opening shelters as needed.
Section 6. Execution of Emergency Plan. All civilians and emergency management
personnel are ordered to comply with the emergency reaction plan.
Section 7. This proclamation shall become effectively immediately. Proclaimed this
the 30th day of January, 2010, at 5:00 PM.
Chair, Orange County Board of Commissioners
• Appendices Page 5.17
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Recognition and Thanks
Orange County Board of County Commissioners
Bernadette Pelissier (Chair)
Pam Hemminger (Vice Chair)
Valerie P. Foushee
Alice M. Gordon
Barry Jacobs
Earl McKee
Steve Yuhasz
Orange Count Manager's Office •
9 Y g
Frank W. Clifton, Jr. (County Manager)
Gwen Harvey (Assistant County Manager)
Michael Talbert (Assistant County Manager)
Orange County Emergency Services
F. Rojas Montes de Oca (Director)
Darshan Patel (Emergency Management Coordinator)
Appendices Page 5.18 •
Version Date-April 9, 2012