Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 03-24-2003 - 8.b.6ORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT Meeting Date: March 24, 2003 Action Agenda Item No. 8-4- SUBJECT: Recreation and Parks Advisory Council DEPARTMENT: Board of Commissioners PUBLIC HEARING: (Y /N) No ATTACHMENT(S): Under Separate Cover: Membership Roster Letter Requesting Reappointment Application /Resume of Lorraine Parker Interest List 1 INFORMATION CONTACT: Clerk's Office, ext. 2130, 2125, 2126, 2129 TELEPHONE NUMBERS: Hillsborough 245 -2130 Chapel Hill 968 -4501 Durham 688 -7331 Mebane 336- 227 -2031 PURPOSE: To consider making one reappointment to the Recreation and Parks Advisory Council (RPAC). BACKGROUND: The first term of Lorraine Parker will expire on March 31, 2003. She has requested, and is eligible, to be reappointed to serve a second term on the Recreation and Parks Advisory Council FINANCIAL IMPACT: __ None RECOMMENDATION(S): Consider appointing Lorraine Parker to a second term on the Recreation and Parks Advisory Council with a term expiration of March 31, 2006. Board and Commission Members And Vacant Positions Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Meeting Times: 6:00 p.m. fourth Tuesday of each month Terms: 2 Contact Person: Lori Taft Meeting Place: the Department on Aging Conference Room Positions: 13 Length: 3 years Contact Phone: 919- 245 -2673 Description: Each member of the Council shall be a County resident appointed by the Orange County Board of Commissioners. This council consults with and advises the Recreation and Parks Department and the Board of County Commissioners on matters affecting recreation policies, programs, personnel, finances, and the acquisition and disposal of lands and properties related to the total community recreation program, and to its long -range planning for recreation. 15 VACANT t'I G t�C�-� Day Phone: Sex: CILC, P' Evening Phone: Race: t V115 G Ul FAX: Township: E-mail: Resid. Require: C.Hill City Limits e p �� Special Repr: Mr. Robb` English Day Phone: 919- 968 -2784 Sex: Male 2 402 Patriot Place Evening Phone: 919 - 644 -3233 Race: Asian American Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919 - 932 -2923 Township: Hillsborough E -mail: raenglish @mindspring.com Resid. Require: Hillsbr. Township Special Repr: Hillsbr. Township Mr. Jeffrey L. Schmitt Day Phone: 919 - 732 -9852 Sex: Male 3 2101 Schley Road Evening Phone: 919- 732 -9852 Race: Caucasian Hurdle Mills NC 27541 FAX: Township: Cedar Grove E -mail: calaveras @mindspring.com Resid. Require: Cedar Grove Twnsp. Special Repr: Cedar Grove Twnsp. Mr. Patrick M. Sullivan Day Phone: 919 - 684 -2800 Sex: Male 4 203 Lake Manor Rd. Evening Phone: 919- 942 -0727 Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516 FAX: 919 - 684 -6514 Township: Chapel Hill E -mail: p.sullivan @duke.edu Resid. Require: Carrboro City Limits Special Repr: Mr. Tom Sievert Day Phone: 919 - 678 -0035 Sex: Male 5 4410 New,Hope Springs Drive Evening Phone: 919- 643 -1391 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919- 678 -0206 Township: Chapel Hill E -mail: sievert@mindspring.com Resid. Require: C.Hill Township Special Repr: C.Hill Township Wednesday, March 12 „2003 First Appointed: Current Appointment: Expiration: 03/31/2005 Number of Terms: First Appointed: Current Appointment: Expiration: Number of Terms: First Appointed: Current Appointment: Expiration: Number of Terms: First Appointed: Current Appointment: Expiration: Number of Terms: First Appointed: Current Appointment: Expiration: Number of Terms: 01/27/2003 01/27/2003 03/31/2004 0 04/01/1997 03/23/2000 03/31/2003 2 05/18/1999 01/27/2003 03/31/2005 2 01/27/2003 01/27/2003 03/31/2005 1 Page 1 Board and Commission Members And Vacant Positions - - Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Meeting Times: 6:00 p.m. fourth Tuesday of each month Terms: 2 Contact Person: Lori Taft Meeting Place: the Department on Aging Conference Room Positions: 13 Length: 3 years Contact Phone: 919 - 245 -2673 Description: Each member of the Council shall be a County resident appointed by the Orange County Board of Commissioners. This council consults with and advises the Recreation and Parks Department and the Board of County Commissioners on matters affecting recreation policies, programs, personnel, finances, and the acquisition and disposal of lands and properties related to the total community recreation program, and to its long -range planning for recreation. Ms. Marie Tate Day Phone: 919 - 732 -8126 Sex: Female First Appointed: 03/18/1997 PO Box 174 Evening Phone: 919 -563 -6005 Race: African American Current Appointment: 03/23/2000 6 Township: Cheeks Expiration: 03/31/2003 Efland NC 27243 FAX: E -mail: Resid. Require: At -Large Number of Terms: 2 Special Repr: At -Large Mr. David A. "Tony" Britt Day Phone: 919.471.5345 Sex: Male First Appointed: 02/0712001 7 6225 Acorn Ridge Trail Evening Phone: 919.471.5345 Race: Caucasian Current Appointment: 05/08/2002 Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919.471.5272 Township: Hillsborough Expiration: 03/31/2005 E -mail: tlbritt @gte.net Resid. Require: At -Large Number of Terms: 2 Special Repr: At -Large -- -- -- -- _._._ __ ....... - -- . -- ..... .... _._ ..... ....._._..... .. . Ms. Lorraine H. Parker Vice -Chair Day Phone: 644 -3200 x 300 Sex: Female First Appointed: 03/23/2000 g 3804 Laws Store Road Evening Phone: 919- 732 -7426 Race: Caucasian Current Appointment: 03/23/2000 Hurdle Mills NC 27541 1 FAX: 919 -644 -3226 Township: Little River Expiration: 03/31/203x,, E -mail: parkerl @alsmail.als.orange.kl2.nc.us Resid. Require: Little River Township Number of Terms: _4 1- Special Repr: Little River Township .... - - - -- - - -- -- - —..._ ._... .. -- - -- -. __ ....... ......_ Ms. Frances Douglass Day Phone: 919 -563 -1192 Sex: Female First Appointed: 01/27/2003 9 4310 ELG Road Evening Phone: 919 - 563 -1192 Race: Caucasian Current Appointment: 01/27/2003 EflandNC'27243 FAX: Township: Bingham Expiration: 03/31/2004 E -mail: frances.douglass @rtmx.net Resid. Require: Bingham Township Number of Terms: 0 Special Repr: Bingham Township Mr. Michael, Beattie Day Phone: 919 - 549 -1813 Sex: Male First Appointed: 01/27/2003 10 102 Bonaparte Drive Evening Phone: 919- 732 -6124 Race: Caucasian Current Appointment: 01/27/2003 HillsborougheD 27278 FAX: 919-547-6416 Township: Hillsborough Expiration: 03/31/2005 E -mail: beattiem @visionet.org Resid. Require: Hillsbr. Town Limits Number of Terms: I Special Repr: UJ Wednesday, March 12, 2003 Page 2 Board and Commission Members And Vacant Positions Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Meeting Times: 6"-00 p.m. fourth Tuesday of each month Terms: 2 Contact Person: Lori Taft Meeting Place: the Department on Aging Conference Room Positions: 13 Length: 3 years Contact Phone: 919-245-2673 Description: Each member of the Council shall be a County resident appointed by the Orange County Board of Commissioners. This council consults with and advises the Recreation and Parks Department and the Board of County Commissioners on matters affecting recreation policies, programs, personnel, finances, and the acquisition and disposal of lands and properties related to the total community recreation program, and to its long -range planning for recreation. Ms. Sandra Jo Quinn C 00 �� • Day Phone: 919- 382 -6418 11 3311 y!Lane �C' \� vening Phone: 919- 382 -8442 am NC 27705 `t,1(le y1 YIN FAX: 919 - 382 -2486 Cu05 A E -mail: fluffyl l @ix.netcom.com .......... a� Ms. Marla Fearrington Day Phone: 919- 245 -2820 12 PO Box 296 Evening Phone: 919 -563 -6954 Mebane NC 27302 FAX: E -mail: mfearrington @co.orange.nc.us Mr. Barry Jacobs Day Phone: 919- 732 -4941 13 2105 Moorefields Rd Evening Phone: 919 - 7324384 Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919- 732 -4486 E -mail: barry.j @mindspring.com Wednesday, March 12, 2003 Sex: Female First Appointed: 02/07/2001 Race: Caucasian Current Appointment: 02/0712001 Township: Eno Expiration: 03/31/2003 Resid. Require: Eno Township Number of Terms: 1 Special Repr. Eno Township Sex: Female First Appointed: 01/27/2003 Race: African American Current Appointment: 01/27/2003 Township: Cheeks Expiration: 03/31/2004 Resid. Require: Cheeks Township Number of Terms: 0 Special Repr: Cheeks Township Sex: First Appointed: 02/21/1999 Race: Current Appointment: 02/18/2002 Township: Cheeks Expiration: 12/31/2002 Resid. Require: At -Large Number of Terms: 4 Special Repr: B.O.C.C. Page 3 Orange County Recreation & Parks Department 300 West Tryon Street, PO Box 8181, Hillsborough, NC 27278 Lori N. Taft Management Director Date Margaret Brown, Chair Orange County Board of Commissioners P.O. Box 8181 Hillsborough NC 27278 Dear Chair Brown: Subject: Board Re- Appointment Phone: 919 - 245 -2660 Fax: 919 -644 -3042 The current three year term of Lorraine Parker on the Orange County Recreation and Parks Advisory Council expires at the end of March 2003. Lorraine has indicated an interest in continuing to serve on the board for a successive three year term. She has been serving in an at large position and will continue to do so with the board's approval. I do not hesitate to recommend that you favorably consider Lorraine's re- appointment for the following reasons: • She is committed to raising awareness of the need for adequate recreation facilities in Orange County. • Her sincerity is firm • She communicates well. • Her attendance at meetings has been perfect during this past year. • She is rooted in the community and is active in children's recreation and athletic activities. • Lorraine brings valuable experience to the Recreation and Parks Advisory Council due to the many years she has served on this council. Thank -you for your consideration of his/her nomination. Sincerely, Ra,d Daft 5 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY 3/1 z/00 P. I e e 2 L.orrain� I�i, Passer VOLUNTEER APPLICATION ORANGE COUNTY ADVISORY BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS If you are an Orange County resident, at least 18 years old, and willing to volunteer your time and expertise to your community, please complete this application and return to: ---- Orange County Commissioners, Office " " - - i P.O. Box 8181 Hillsborough, NC 27278 MA ( 2 2000 Phone (919) 245 - 2125; 245 -2129; 245 -2130; 732 -8181 1; Fax: (919) 644 -0246 • Email: nmartin&o.orange.nc.us L� NAME: 'r ca k n-r- " - r tc e r HOME AppRE SL 3 To 4 R-8 CITY: "-Q -C W NL C- Zip Code: 2. ^1 S `-E 'y-30- PHONE: (Day) (o�E�Q- 3 Xaa (Evening/late)�32i - '714 -X4 (Faz `f4 ~ 3 2 -L � EMAIL: Qc rV_vtcI r9 cats n.,n: I - ots - 4v=..4r__ . K -l;� . r1C - ct.S PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT: O'r's •%3c C- . JOB TITLE: �c IN ORDER TO ASSURE COUNTYWIDE REPRESENTATION PLEASE INDICATE YOUR TOWNSHIP OF RESIDENCE: ❑ Bingham ❑ Cheeks ❑ Hillsborough ❑ Eno ❑ Chapel Hill X Little River ❑ Cedar Grove IN ADDITION, PLEASE INDICATE IF YOU LIVE IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS: ❑ Joint planning Area ❑ Extraterritorial Area ❑ Transition Area WE ASK YOUR HELP IN ASSURING DIVERSITY OF MEMBE SHIP BY AGE, GENDER AND RACE, BY ANSWERING THE-FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: ❑ Male A,Female ETHNIC BACKGROUND: ❑ African American,xCaucasian E3 Hispanic 13 Native American 13 Other DATE OF BIRTH: % / r 3 PLEASE LIST (IN ORDER OF PREFERENCE) THE BOARDWCOMMISSIONS ON WHICH YOU WOULD- BE- WILLiNG.TO SERVE. ._.._ _.._...._ 1. Rcc r- e-- Ar;-in t �sc lzZ 2. - 3. _. WORK EXPERIENCE: -, -r 't 6,-- -L_n e. V-n c U e A c, 4- ec' C-V% e-1- I n v-,a =% e, C.o U n -t- 4 S c_-l-% ­,ft l s as S V «r -t i -E �► ti+ nn us �� A a CbM�^�Ltr1►'�'I•GS ZV1 zC{�eals Sj-� G CoOYeIly- adm��- of . rbae _ VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE: l�dv�sor -U, Ba-Mra a-� �tcrc ,:o ova _ �4r- k5 Q ►n .a r^ b Gr �_ L' tr►a r r_ .i 7 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY '.l iz iop P 2 of 2 Lorraine H. Parker EDUCATION: 1B - 0-1 e gar e.c l v1 v S•L t. C, c1 KC4'I 1 e'er K, — );, OTHER COMMENTS: How did you become aware of Orange County volunteer opportunities? (Please check all that apply): 0 Newspaper 0 County Web Page Current Orange County Volunteer 0 Radio 0 T.V. 13 Other ETHICS GUIDELINES FOR COUNTY ADVISORY BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS I agree by my signature below that, if appointed, I pledge to comply with the following ethics guidelines for advisory boards and commissions as adopted by the Orange County Board of Commissioners. Members of advisory boards and commissions shall not discuss, advocate, or vote on any matter in which they have a conflict or potential conflict of interest or an interest which reasonably might appear to be in conflict with the concept of fairness in dealing with public business. A conflict of interest or a potential conflict occurs if a member has a separate, private, or monetary interest, either direct or indirect, in any issue or transaction under consideration. Any member who violates this provision may be subject to removal from the board or commission. If an advisory board or commission member believes he/she has a conflict or potential conflict of interest on a particular issue, then that member should state this belief to the other members of his/her respective advisory board or commission during the board or commission's public meeting. The member should state the nature of the conflict, detailing that he/she has a separate, private, or monetary interest, either direct or indirect, in the issue or transaction under consideration. The member should then excuse himself/hemelf from considering and voting on the Matter. In cases where an advisory board or commission member declares a conflict or potential conflict of interest, the member shall excuse himself/herself from 6 tioard tableNoting area until all discussion, ` consideration, and voting is completed on the matter in question. Any advisory board or commission member having questions or needing assistance regarding the Interpretation of these ethics guidelines or other conflict of interest matters should contact the administrative staff for the respective board or commission. Staff will assist the member with questions and interpretations and may provide a recommendation on whether or not the advisory board or commission member should excuse himself/herself from voting. The member may request that the staff respond in writing. Staff may contact the County Manager for any additional assistance. If appointed, I agree to attend a three -hour orientation which will give an overview of how Orange County Government operates and its relationship to other governmental units. J11-e Date V0LOZSK3:APPLCTN; H:\_VOLAPPL.DOC Applicant Interest Listing Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Ms. Janet Chapman 2612 Wade Hampton Rd. Hillsborough NC 27278 Skills: Big Brother /Sister Volunteer Skills: Cosmetic Sales Skills: Hospital Volunteer by Board Name and by Applicant Name Contact Person: Lori Taft Contact Phone: 919- 245 -2673 Day Phone: 919 - 302 -1750 Sex: Female Evening Phone: 919- 732 -5486 Race: Caucasian FAX: Township: Hillsborough E -mail: Date Applied: 09114/2001 Also Serves On: Township: Hillsborough Also Serves On: E -mail: 1JNCSCV@aol.com Also Serves On: 09/27/2001 Skills: Small Business Owner 8 Mr. Todd A. Goodson Day Phone: 919- 306 -1379 Sex: Male 2512 Myrtle Lane Evening Phone: 919- 732 -4536 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919 - 932 -3227 Township: Hillsborough 03/022003 E -mail: 1JNCSCV@aol.com Date Applied: 09/27/2001 Skills: Small Business Owner Also Serves On: Commission for Women Skills: Community Service Volunteer Ms. Phyllis Horton Day Phone: 919 -477 -2912 Sex: Female 6916 St. Mary's Road Evening Phone: same Race: African American Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: Township: Eno E -mail: phyllishorton @hotmail.com Date Applied: 03/022003 Skills: Director, Family Resource Center Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Skills: Teacher Also Serves On: Commission for Women Ms. Martha A. Hoylman is Day Phone: 919 -461 -7208 Sex: Female 308 Telluride Trail �h� �a M� Evening Phone: 919 - 933 -4449 }ice: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27514 C i� 1 FAX: Township: Chapel Hill E -mail: martha @pobox.com Date Applied: 09/272001 Skills: Bd/Dir /Cornell Soc./Women Engineers Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Also Serves On: Commission for Women Skills: Community Service Volunteer Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Also Serves On: Commission for Women Skills: Consulting Business Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Also Serves On: Commission for Women Skills: Homemaker Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Also Serves On: Commission for Women Monday, March 10, 2003 Page 1 of 4 9 Applicant Interest Listing by Board Name and by Applicant Name Contact Person: Lori Taft Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Contact Phone: 919- 245 -2673 Mr. Timothy C. Hucks y Day Phone: 919- 968 -8675 Sex: Male 7312 Crescent Ridge Drives` C(�� Evening Phone: 919- 968 -1862 Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516 `+ Ut , t FAX: 919- 968 -1862 Township: Chapel Hill il� Lt 1 �. E -mail: rtide@skybiz.com Date Applied: 09/11/2001 Skills: Adopt -a- Highway Also Serves On: Skills: Business owner Also Serves On: Skills: Community Service Volunteer Also Serves On: Skills: Hillsborough Candelight Tour Also Serves On: Skills: Investment and Financial Planning Also Serves On: Skills: Kiwanis Also Serves On: Skills: Private Sector - Business Also Serves On: MS. Deborah Judd Day Phone: 919 - 732 -8630 Sex: Female 1606 Faucette Mill Road Evening Phone: 919 - 732 -8630 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: Township: Cheeks E -mail: djudd@juddlle.com Date Applied: 12123/2002 Skills: Certified Financial Planner Also Serves On: Skills: Self - employed Also Serves On: Mr. Jeffrey A. Kueffer Day Phone: 919- 998 -2336 Sex: Male �Nt 122 Oldham Place 'j � E7i .� Evening Phone: 919- 960 -4800 Race; Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516 C� �,� oil �' FAX: 919 -998 -2430 Township: Chapel Hill 1r E -mail: kueffer@nc.rr.com Date Applied: 11/20/2002 Skills: Habitat for Humanity Also Serves On: Skills: Systems Analyst Also Serves On: Mr. Tom Magnuson Day Phone: 644 -0600 Sex: Male 103 E. Tryon Street Evening Phone: 732 -6957 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 644 -0600 ToWnShip: Hillsborough E -mail: t,magnuson @tradingpath,org Date Applied: 11/042002 Skills: CEO Also Serves On: Skills: Historic Preservation Also Serves On: Monday, March 10, 2003 Page 2 of 4 Tuesday, March 11, 2003 Page 3 of 4 Applicant Interest Listing by Board Name and by Applicant Name Contact Person: Lori Taft Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Contact Phone: 919- 245 -2673 Mr. Stephen (Steve) D. Peck Day Phone: 919 - 968 -7519 Sex: Male 321 Wesley Drive , �'I i') `t l Evening Phone: 919- 9678 -7622 Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516` ' �5 FAX: Township: Chapel Hill E-mail: Stephen.Peck @bellsouth.com Date Applied: 08/14/2002 1} Skills: Accountant Also Serves On: Skills: UNC Also Serves On: Ms. Elizabeth Preddy I I Day Phone: 919- 960 -9448 Sex: Female 119 Nolen Lane 1E. Evening Phone: 919- 960 -9448 Race: Caucasian 1 rtih Chapel Hill NC 27516 • } J FAX: 919 - 960 -9728 Township: Chapel Hill E- rnail: mepreddy@aol.com Date Applied: 11/21/2002 Skills: Marketing Management Also Serves On: Affordable Housing Advisory Board Skills: Sales Associate Mr. Mark Ramey Day Phone: 336 - 315 -9336 Sex: Male 2929 Hwy 57 Evening Phone: 919- 644 -0385 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: 919 - 644 -0011 Township: Hillsborough E -mail: ms_ramey@att.net Date Applied: 11/07/2002 Skills: Community Service Volunteer Also Serves On: Skills: Project Manager Also Serves On: Mr. Barry Adam Starrfield S Day Phone: 919- 942 -9448 x 24 Sex: Male 504 Highgrove Drive p ri� Ii Evening Phone: 260 -0183 Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516 n } FAX: Township: Chapel Hill r� 1\ y J E -mail: bstarrFeld @infohandler.com Date Applied: 11/26/2002 Skills: Info Handler Also Serves On: Mr. G. Seth Stephens 0 Day Phone: 919 - 630 -1886 Sex: Male 5807 Craig Road i Q� Evening Phone: 919- 630 -1886 Race: African Ame1can Durham NC 27712 �rl ��J �1`� FAX:. 919 - 382 -9878 Township: Eno E -mail: gss @duke.edu Date Applied: 08/12/2002 Skills: American Legion V_ ,�U Also Serves On: Skills: Management Also Serves On: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 Page 3 of 4 Applicant Interest Listing by Board Name and by Applicant Name Contact Person: Lori Taft Recreation and Parks Advisory Council Contact Phone: 919 -245 -2673 Day Phone: Ms. Ruth G. Stone Day Phone: 919- 732 -8953 Sex: Female 1205 Braxton Bragg Ct. Evening Phone: 919- 968 -9531 Race: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: Bingham Township: Hillsborough Iwichers @email.unc.edu E -mail: 01/21/2003 Date Applied: 10/0212001 Skills: Recreational Activities Director Also Serves On: Skills: Resort Motel Owner - Operator Also Serves On: Skills: Retired Also Serves On: Mr. Blair Sweeney �i H i 1 Day Phone: 919 -593 -3160 Sex: Male 516 Granville Towers East l� !�'p 1 `t,J 115 Evening Phone: 919 - 370 -4557 Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27514 C l 4 FAX: Township: Chapel Hill E -mail: bsweeney @email.unc.edu Date Applied: 04/28/2002 Skills: Assistant Apartment Manager Also Serves On: Skills: Student Also Serves On: Ms. Courtney Weill , t� t,� Day Phone: none listed Sex: Female 307 W. Cameron Ave. ('� C Evening Phone: none listed Race: Caucasian Chapel Hill NC 27516 FAX: none listed Township: Chapel Hill E -mail: courtneyweill@yahoo.com Date Applied: 08/16/2002 Skills: Campaign Coordinator Also Serves On: Skills: Housing issues Also Serves On: Ms. Lindsay B. Wichers Day Phone: 919 -541 -2726 Sex: ' Female 2409 Sunnyfield Ct. Evening Phone: 919 - 968 -8363 RaCe: Caucasian Hillsborough NC 27278 FAX: Township: Bingham E -mail: Iwichers @email.unc.edu Date Applied: 01/21/2003 Skills: Environmental Scientist Also Serves On: Commission for the Environment Tuesday, March 11, 2003 Page 4 of 4