HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 02-15-1999 - 2ORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT
Meeting Date: February 15, 1999
SUBJECT: 1999 -2000 Board of Commissioner Goals
DEPARTMENT: County Manager
ATTACHMENT(S):
Potential Goals Identified at 1/16/99 Retreat
Flipchart Notes from 1/16/99 Retreat
1998 -99 BOCC Goals
(previously distributed in Retreat Notebooks)
Action Agenda
Item No. _1J,
PUBLIC HEARING: (Y/N)
BUDGET AMENDMENT: (Y/N)
INFORMATION CONTACT:
John Link or Rod Visser, ext 2300
TELEPHONE NUMBERS:
Hillsborough
732 -8181
Chapel Hill
968 -4501
Durham
688 -7331
Mebane 336- 227 -2031
PURPOSE: To complete discussion of topics identified at the January 16, 1999 Planning and Goal
Setting Retreat, and to identify 1999 -2000 goals to be developed by staff for Board review and adoption.
BACKGROUND: The work session on goals can be structured in two major parts:
1. Planning Retreat Follow -up
Complete the review of topics identified at the January 16 retreat for possible inclusion in the 1999-
2000 Board of Commissioner goals. Attachment 1 is a transcription of all the potential topics that
were written down by individual commissioners during the "cardstorming" session, and subsequently
grouped under the major headings shown in the attachment. Topics on Attachment 1 that the Board
completed work on are noted in italics. Topics that the Board was unable to address or may not have
fully discussed because of time constraints (e.g. Planning related issues), are listed in regular text.
• Review the notes from the Board's discussion at the retreat. These were transcribed from flipcharts
and are organized in Attachment 2 under the major group headings used in Attachment 1.
• Ensure that all topics the Board wishes to consider for inclusion in the 1999 -2000 goals have been
identified and discussed (with the exception of solid waste matters, which will be discussed at the
February 18 work session).
2
2. Identification of Goals and Their Priority
• Review each topic discussed on January 16 or at this February 15 work session and tentatively
identify those topics that a majority of the Board would like to consider further for inclusion in the
1999 -2000 goals.
• Review current 1998 -99 goals and objectives and identify those which the Board would like to
continue for 1999 -2000, and any which are substantially complete or which the Board does not wish
to continue for 1999 -2000. The 1998 -99 goals were included in the notebooks distributed ahead of the
January 16 retreat. The Clerk's Office can provide additional copies as needed.
• Provide specific direction to staff as needed on parameters to observe in developing draft goal
statements /action plans /timetables /resource estimates for each topic identified for further
consideration, and suggest priorities of goals, if time permits that discussion.
• Establish target dates /process for Board review /public input/adoption of Board's goals for fiscal year
1999 -2000. Staff will work towards producing draft goal statements, etc. for distribution to the Board
before the end of March and for Board consideration and adoption in April.
RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board complete the discussion begun at
the January 16, 1999 retreat, and provide appropriate direction to staff regarding the preparation of draft
goals for 1999 -2000.
Attachment 1
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 3
RETREAT - JANUARY 16, 1999
Goals Discussion
The following notes are a transcription of the topics identified by individual commissioners
during the "cardstorming" portion of the retreat. The topics were grouped under the major
headings identified by the Board and noted here in bold text and by underlining. The major
headings /topics for which discussion was completed by the Board are also italicized. Major
headings /topics which the Board did not have time to address or did not complete are in
regular text and denoted by an asterisk ( *).
COMMUNICATIONS
• Outreach
• Facilitated response for citizens
• Commissioners on T. V.
• Communication - What does County Gov't. do?
• Keep on getting the message out - tax bill information - steps to continue
• Communication - make it a higher priority and develop more methods to implement
this goal
• Citizens guide to public process
• Web page and intranet development
• Orange Book
• Three month projected agenda
• Meetings
INNOVATION & EFFICIENCY (including Construction Management)
• Sustainable County govt. (new objective)
• Efficiency - cost effectiveness (value engineering)
• Budget process
• County organization
• Cost effective initiatives
• Construction Management
IMPACTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (including adequate public facilities)
• Analysis of impacts of growth and development - more emphasis
• Roads, Schools, Trash
• Total impact on County of Growth and Development and who should pay for this
(1899 or 1999)
• Adequate Public Facilities
• University expansion
• Growth costs on County govt.
• Adequate public facilities to serve growth in a timely manner
• Developing new standards/ordinances for erosion and sedimentation control
• Smart Growth (SOCF)
Attachment 1
4
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Develop Entrance road design for 86 EDD - meeting with Hillsborough
• Strategies for EDD infrastructure
• Solid Waste facility
• Agriculture
• Develop Benchmarks
• Sustainability in Economic Development
• Financing for public utilities needed for EDD (Efland)
*PLANNING
• Review cell tower ordinance
• Flexible Development Ordinance
• Review Staff Permits
• BOA Permits decisions
• Transition Zoning
• Review with New Director all goals, then update
• Review Subdivision regulations, Class B permits, time limits, flexible open space
ordinance
*TRANSPORTATION
• More efforts to promote alternative modes
• Some local autonomy
• TTA stations identified for LUP
• Rural Transportation Plan
OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION AND PARKS
• One Recreation and Parks Department for all the County? Consolidation with
Chapel Hill and Carrboro, SAVE $ ? ??
• Secure Open Space to secure Rural Character to secure a nice place to live to
reduce chance of urban sprawl, etc.
• Transfer of Development Rights within County jurisdiction
• Resource Protection:
• Range of options/strategies
• Funding
• ERC Department
• Conservation easements and land trust
• Protect/purchase open space, parks, etc. (Comprehensive resource conservation
program)
• One D + protect schooUpark sites and "concurrency" for school facilities (Schools
and Land Use Council)
• Environmental Protection /protect natural resources and 1D tools for protection
(Commission for the Environment)
• Payment -in -lieu of park and recreation fees
Attachment 1
*RURAL CHARACTER PRESERVATION
• Open space
• Agriculture Preservation
• Rural Buffer
• RC Study
• Bond referendum for purchase of development right by the County that would be
perpetual FOREVERIII
• Preserve rural buffer
EDUCATION: EQUITABLE AND EFFECTIVE SCHOOL FUNDING
• Effective school funding - is equity just a "dream" Hasn't been achieved with two
school systems
• Substantial equivalency for school facilities
• Impact fee equity study (different residential types)
PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES CONCERNING NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE AT SHEARON
HARRIS
• 911 - fire /rescue
• Law Enforcement Training Facility (firing range)
• Nuclear Waste Storage in a 1, 000, 000+ population area
• Shearon Harris and public safety issues
• Public health
• Emergency preparedness plan including plan for environmental hazard
*DISTRICT (aeoaraohical residential) ELECTIONS FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
• Representation
• more diverse boards and commissions
• primer for citizens
• Demographic and diversity for Boards and Commissions
• District elections - 1 person - 1 vote
Attachment 1
*OTHER
• Firearms
• Review firearms discharge laws for residential areas or nearby
• Discharge of firearms within 1/2 mile of a school
• Alcohol and firearms
• County support for Child Care for County employees
• Pay and compensation
• competitive, fair
• pay- for - performance
• Pay equity
• Y2K
• Y2K Readiness
• Welfare Reform
• Healthy Carolinians
* comprehensive view of County services
• Human Services
• more focus on seniors /senior centers
• ESL
• Overt leadership role in Work First
• Human Services
• Year 2000 - benchmarks and events
• Regional solutions
• Chatham and Jordan Lake
• Solid Waste
• Impact Tax
• Training yearly for Planning Board and BOA members with Carrboro and
Hillsborough
6
Attachment 2
7
Notes from BOCC Planning Retreat
January 16, 1999
The following notes were transcribed from flipcharts used to record Commissioners'
discussion/decisions at the January 1999 Planning and Goal Setting Retreat. The major
group headings used by the BOCC to organize the discussion included:
• Communications
• Innovation & Efficiency
• Impacts of Growth & Development
• Open Space/Recreation & Parks
• Rural Character Preservation
• Education - Equitable & Effective Funding
• Public safety Issues - Nuclear Waste
• District Elections
• Other- (e.g.Firearms, Human Services, Y2K)
Communications- News Team & Other Public Information Efforts
- Customer survey card - Forward info to Board of County Commissioners
-Let people know what getting for $$
-Field way through bureaucracy
- Specific # to call for Board of Commissioners; citizen response line (facilitate responses
to citizens)
- County Commissioners #'s as options when dialing in to government
-Why news releases are not being used effectively (Better use of.. )
- Website- make more interactive
-Youth Council- develop. website for youth issues
- Increase involvement of students in County Government
- Bumper Stickers
-After Hours #
- Public Knows @ County Government & gain input
-Board of Commissioners on TV
- Responsibility -Keep w /in BOCC & Manager's Office
-Board of Commissioners info to website w/o going through IS
-Buck- `reporter' during Agenda reviews
- Guide for citizens to County Processes
- Develop options to communicate more effectively (flesh out goal)
Attachment 2
8
Innovation & Efficiency- sustainable co. government
- Reestablish I & E group/Revisit co. operations and make recommendations / make
government work better
- Rethink charge of I & E Committee
- Citizens, expert: ideas on how to motivate staff to improve efficiency
- Facilities (childcare at schools)
- Public Funds at certain level...
-Value engineering /construction mgmt
- Presentation to BOOC and I &E from Cons. Mgr. (n. co. neighbor)
- Standard of acceptable service delivery (inspections, etc.)
Impacts of Growth & Development
- Impact tax (joint w /Chatham ?) for adequate public facilities;(eg. H2O supplies)
- Adequate Public Facility Development
• Resource Assessment to accomplish
• Costs
-SOCF & Smart Growth
- Develop /Seek ways to deal with DOT
- Autonomy for county on certain issues
-Bike lanes
- Effect of interstates on county resources e.g. Traffic court effect on County
Facilities
- Create more effective interaction w/ DOT
- Impact on University growth
- Erosion & sedimentation Bond? (Storm Water Mgmt)
- Carrboro's review
- Possibility of Sedimentation Bond?
- Forfeited if violated
- Overview of Transportation providers in County.
-TTA (better coordination to get what Orange County needs) - earlier into their
budget process
- Aging/ OPT
- Opportunities to provide better service e.g. vanpools
Planning
- Designate work sessions after new Planning Director arrives to discuss;
Attachment 2
9
Economic Development:
- Update on Efland EDD: (future work sessions)
Leverage State Sewer Bond $$$'s
- Discuss Hillsborough's ED plans (Joint meeting 1- 21 -99)
- Orange- Alamance system update:
-Mebane annexation -Water and Sewer: how ?
- Promoting Agriculture: Make higher priority for EDC
Open Space/ Rec. and Parks
- Payment in -lieu ask new Planning Director to review
-ERCD: Pursue Conservation easement (Board of County Commissioners hears Ag Dist
Adv. @ Retreat and Provides feedback to them)
- Continue initiatives to protect open space
- Transfer of Development rights; higher priority (determine feasibility)
-Tie to TTA stations /density discussions
-Look at specific location where this has successfully happened; enhance public
understanding of issue.
Goal Format
• See all recommendations
• Change format
• Reflect only adopted goals
Education/Equitable School Funding;
- Legislative Meeting to include:
-Impact Tax
- Effective (equity) funding
- Focus: Effective use of resources (capital & operational)
-Co -use (e.g. Senior Centers)
-Define equitable vs. efficient
- Discuss construction management;
- Worksession(s) with Boards
-Have schools prioritize budget request items to be considered. (By consensus it is
requested)
Attachment 2
10
Public Safety - Shearon Harris Issues:
• Formal intervention process re: High level nuclear waste storage.
• Current means of discussion voluntary; not easily accessed by local government
• Challenges to regulatory process gives standing to a federal challenge
• Unaware of positions of other local government —Tight time frame for response. May
require that we move forward now. (Sufficient time now for consultants to respond.)
• Federal repository Z decades away.
• Technical data gathering: local $$$
• Triangle -Wide information forum suggested.
• County Engineer to continue involvement
• Other County facilities for public mgt.
• Consider adding technical consultant to 1/19/99 agenda:
-Hire consultant
- Partner with Chatham
-Seek similar involvement of other local entities
• Address to CP &L, in addition to NRC
R-A
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
RETREAT - JANUARY 16, 1999
Goals Discussion
COMMUNICATIONS
® Outreach
• Facilitated response for citizens
• Commissioners on T.V.
• Communication - What does County Govt. do?
• Keep on getting the message out - tax bill information - steps to continue
• Communication - make it a higher priority and develop more methods to implement
this goal
• Citizens guide to public process
• Web page and intranet development
• Orange Book
• Three month projected agenda
• Meetings
INNOVATION & EFFICIENCY (including Construction Management)
• Sustainable County govt. (new objective)
• Efficiency - cost effectiveness (value engineering)
• Budget process
• County organization
• Cost effective initiatives
• Construction Management
IMPACTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (including adequate public facilities)
• Analysis of impacts of growth and development - more emphasis
• Roads, Schools, Trash
• Total impact on County of Growth and Development and who should pay for this
(1899 or 1999)
• Adequate Public Facilities
• University expansion
• Growth costs on County govt.
• Adequate public facilities to serve growth in a timely manner
• Developing new standards/ordinances for erosion and sedimentation control
• Smart Growth (SOCF)
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Develop Entrance road design for 86 EDD - meeting with Hillsborough
• Strategies for EDD infrastructure
• Solid Waste facility
• Agriculture
• Develop Benchmarks
• Sustainability in Economic Development
• Financing for public utilities needed for EDD (Efland)
PLANNING
® Review cell tower ordinance
• Flexible Development Ordinance
• Review Staff Permits
• BOA Permits decisions
• Transition Zoning
• Review with New Director all goals, then update
• Review Subdivision regulations, Class B permits, time limits, flexible open space
ordinance
TRANSPORTATION
® More efforts to promote alternative modes
• Some local autonomy
• TTA stations identified for LUP
• Rural Transportation Plan
OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION AND PARKS
• One Recreation and Parks Department. for all the County? Consolidation with
Chapel Hill and Carrboro, SAVE $???
• Secure Open Space to secure Rural Character to secure a nice place to live to
reduce chance of urban sprawl, etc.
• Transfer of Development Rights within County jurisdiction
• Resource Protection:
* Range of options/strategies
* Funding
* ERC Department
• Conservation easements and land trust
• Protect/purchase open space, parks, etc. (Comprehensive resource conservation
program)
• One D + protect school/park sites and "concurrency" for school facilities (Schools
and Land Use Council)
• Environmental Protection/protect natural resources and 1 D tools for protection
(Commission for the Environment)
• Payment-in-lieu of park and recreation fees
RURAL CHARACTER PRESERVATION
• Open space
• Agriculture Preservation
• Rural Buffer
• RC Study
• Bond referendum for purchase of development right by the County that would be
perpetual FOREVERM
• Preserve rural buffer
EDUCATION: EQUITABLE AND EFFECTIVE SCHOOL FUNDING
• Effective school funding - is equity just a "dream" Hasn't been achieved with two
school systems
• Substantial equivalency for school facilities
® Impact fee equity study (different residential types)
PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES CONCERNING NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE AT SHEARON
HARRIS
• 911 - fire/rescue
• Law Enforcement Training Facility (firing range)
• Nuclear Waste Storage in a 1,000,000+ population area
• Shearon Harris and public safety issues
• Public health
® Emergency preparedness plan including plan for environmental hazard
DISTRICT (geographical residential) ELECTIONS FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Representation
* more diverse boards and commissions
* primer for citizens
• Demographic and diversity for Boards and Commissions
• District elections -1 person -1 vote
OTHER
• Firearms
• Review firearms discharge laws for residential areas or nearby
• Discharge of firearms within 1/2 mile of a school
• Alcohol and firearms
• County support for Child Care for County employees
• Pay and compensation
* competitive, fair
* pay-for-performance
• Pay equity
• Y2K
• Y2K Readiness
• Welfare Reform
• Healthy Carolinians
* comprehensive view of County services
• Human Services
* more focus on seniors/senior centers
* ESL
* Overt leadership role in Work First
• Human Services
• Year 2000 - benchmarks and events
• Regional solutions
* Chatham and Jordan Lake
* Solid Waste
* Impact Tax
• Training yearly for Planning Board and BOA members with Carrboro and
Hillsborough
OTHER TOPICS OF INTEREST
HUMAN SERVICES
-- Senior centers.
Articulate a commitment to seeking comparable, contemporaneous development of south and central
centers in keeping with recommendations of August 20, 1996 "Orange County Senior Centers
Development Plan: 1996 -2000"
- -Work First
a. Take leadership role in hiring.
-- Hispanic/Latino
a. Examine hiring practices.
Advertise at Fiesta Del Pueblo.
b. ESL emphasis (see communication)
-- Handicapped
Look for appropriate areas in which to ease requirement for high school diploma.
-- Outsourcing
Develop criteria for weighing out - sourcing as an employment strategy.
LEGISLATION
- -Expand Work First flexibility (Marti Pryor -Cook)
-- Annexation
--TDR (identify receiving area, as Green tract)
-- Impact Tax (O. Co. school board)
- -DOT reform (pending advice)
-- Utility siting
-- Taxation of UNC properties (I&E Committee)
PLANNING
-- Direct Planning Board and Staff to further refine standards for communication towers with
particular attention to protecting significant historic sites and natural areas, providing adequate public
notice both in writing and visually, and ascertaining relevant needs of County EMS and UNC hospital.
-- Coordinate efforts with staffs of Carrboro, Chatham County, Chapel Hill, Hillsborough and
OWASA to address Jordan Lake concerns raised at intergovernmental meeting of October 1, 1998 in
order to reconvene group by the end of March 1999.
BARRY JACOBS
SUGGESTED ORANGE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' GOALS AND OBJECTIVES,
FISCAL YEAR 1999 -2000
COMMUNICATIONS
GOAL: To promote more effective communication between and among the Board of
Commissioners and Orange County citizens, other local officals and within the BOCC.
- -Phone
a. Short-term: Message doesn't include BOCC option
b. Long -term: Examine feasibility of separate number for assistance to citizens
(troubleshooter, ombudsman, citizens' aid)
c. After -hours voice mail by name
— Dissemination of information (Orange Outreach)
a. Education
Septic tanks, children's health insurance, Work First
b. Publicity ( "Get the word out. ")
JOCCA, Park acquisition, small business loan pool, Project Homestart, adolescent
parenting
c. Promote involvement
Schools
Civic and social groups
-- Bumper stickers: "Committed to safe driving" with phone number.
-- Develop criteria to assure multilingual capabilities.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
GOAL: Application and refinement of economic development districts
GOAL: Identify an option for future disposal capacity (Solid Waste)
-- Encourage search for C &D disposal site in EDD
GOAL: Application and refinement of economic development districts
GOAL: Study the feasibility, costs and financing of the expansion of the Efland sewer system as
required to serve potential customers in the Efland area
-- Orange- Alamance water system
Investigate efficacy of continued existence of system in light of concerns regarding
resource management, function, cost- effectiveness, public control.
-- Examine possibility of seeking state funding through new bond issue to expedite and expand
Efland sewer project.
a. Include those promised relief but currently not covered by Efland sewer project.
b. Develop potential mechanism for encouraging corporate sewer - dependent projects in
EDD. This could include solid waste industry and facilities.
-- Examine possibility of seeking state funding through new bond issue to create sewer
partnership with Hillsborogh for serving Hillsborough EDD.
ADD OBJECTIVE:
Involve Economic Development Commission more actively in agricultural issues.
-- Increase representation of farm and rural residents on board.
-- Develop program for making recommendations to BOCC to provide monthly recognition of
notable county businesses.
EDUCATION
GOAL: To promote fairness, effectiveness, and efficiency in the allocation to and use of resources
by the two school systems.
OBJECTIVE: To continue pursuit of progress towards equal current expense funding
between the two school systems. Consistent with plan of action to achieve "equitable and effective
school funding ".
a. Expansion or new initiatives presented in priority order
b. Refine mechanisms to start budget collaboration earlier
OBJECTIVE: To pursue short-term and long -term solutions to school capital needs that will
promote capital funding and facility equity.
a. Requiretrequest value engineering on all capital projects involving more than a
threshold level of county funding. This is consistent with I &E report, section entitled "County
Expenditures- Schools ": "The Committee also recommends that the Board of Commissioners
encourage the Boards of Education to employ a similar kind of 'in-depth' innovation and efficiency
analysis to identify potential savings within the school systems. Although we recognize that the
Commissioners have little direct say over school expenditures, we do feel that their expertise and
influence in such matters is invaluable."
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
GOAL: To develop strategies to continue to promote more efficient County government operations
which will ultimately result in financial savings.
-- Reconvene Innovation and Efficiency Committee, as per its 1996 recommendation.
-- Management Study
Recommendation 4 of the 1996 Innovation and Efficiency Committee was to "Adopt as
a County a process and model to systematically evaluate County operations, including existing
operations and requests for additional resources ". As part of that recommendation the committee
noted without stating a choice "that there are a variety of strategies and resources that may be used
to conduct the model evaluation process ", among them "using external private management
consultants to conduct evaluations ", using local business leaders, and using university support.
Among the possible areas to be addressed by such a study:
a. Efficiency -- structure, practice
b. Build teamwork
c. Promote responsiveness
d. BOCC /staff relations
e. Encourage creativity
f. Pay and classification issues
- -Refine pay- for - performance agreement with manager
-- Review structure of budget process
a. Proposed positions broken down by funding source
(County, dept. revenues, outside)
b. Organization of work sessions
19 senior staff sitting, unneeded, at 6:45 PM on 6/10/98
- -Grants
Identify locus in county government for expertise in targeting of grant opportunities and
strategies for acquisition.
RESOURCES PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT
GOAL: Implement watershed protection standards and classifications to insure high quality water
resources in Orange County.
- -Eno River Corridor
Coordinate with Eno River Association to define water quality and natural area/open
space values in central Orange.
Add OBJECTIVE:
Continue refinement of Environment and Resource Conservation Department.
— Create steering committee of boards involved to share information and coordinate policy
objectives.
-- Consider creation and placement of mechanism for first - response focus on matters of
immediate environmental degradation (improper timbering, filling of floodplains, etc.)
RURAL CHARACTER PRESERVATION
GOAL: Prepare /resolve strategies and ordinances to preserve rural character
-- Review Rural Character Study for current applicability.
a. In keeping with review of Rural Character Study, ask Planning Board and staff to
address failure of flexible open space ordinance to provide meaningful, contiguous open space,
and to exact sufficient balancing community benefits for provision of development incentives.
OBJECTIVE 1: Adoption of the Rural Buffer Conceptual Guidelines.
b. Initiate decade - delayed refinement of Rural Buffer Conceptual Guidelines. Issues
identified in 1988 included owner equity, septic system monitoring. Refer to Rural Character
Study. Possible outcome: seek grant funding to perfect mechanisms to defeat sprawl and create
sustainable development with protected open space.
GOAL: Develop a comprehensive voluntary farmland preservation program
for Orange County
ADD OBJECTIVE:
Facilitate more involvement by, and communication with, farm community.
-- Easement purchase program
Examine criteria for purchase of easements recommended by Ag Districts Advisory
Board to assure they achieve multiple objectives (in watershed critical area, riparian rights,
identified significant natural area)
-- Rename Ag Districts Advisory Board to reflect wider concerns
(Agriculture Preservation Commission)
-- Review need for, name and characteristics of, Rural Education Center
a. Farmer's market
b. Livestock scales
c. Meeting space
d. Consolidation of services
e. Space limitations at planning building
f. Demonstration projects
- -Advance board diversity
Make appointments on advisory boards to consciously include broader representation of
rural areas, particularly in realms of obvious interest (economic development, planning, parks,
environment, OWASA)
-- Initiate annual O.Co. Agricultural Summit
a. Include producers, EDC, chambers of commerce, Ag Extension, planning, Farm
Bureau, Ag District Advisory Bd.
b. Share information
1. Use -value program, tax issues
2. Easement purchase explained
c. Solicit ideas on Rural Ed Center, easement purchase program
d. Highlight alternative crop ideas
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
GOAL: Maintain a comprehensive transportation planning process for Orange County.
ADD OBJECTIVE 6:
- -Identify possible discretionary realms in which county should have more active purview in
determining allocations of DOT funding (spending on traffic lights v. bike lanes, cycle lights v.
flashers, etc.)
Barry Jacobs
Need for a Orange County Strategic Aging Plan
1. The Retirement Aging population is mushrooming between now and the year 2020
with the Baby boomers reaching retirement age. (How old will you be in the year
2020 ?)
In fact, Orange County is projected to have 131.6% increase in 65+ population
between 1996 -2020.
In terms of numbers, Orange County's older 65+ population will increase from 9,308
(1996) to a projected 21,553 in 2020.
A. In comparison, there will only be a 38.1% increase among all ages in Orange
County.
B. Compared to other counties, Orange County will have the third highest increase
(behind Wake - 179.3% and Onslow - 134.3 %) of the 100 NC Counties.
C. Compared to North Carolina as a whole, the state's 65+ population will increase
76.2% between 1996 -2020.
2. We must plan now for a model community that focuses on promoting wellness and
independence for all Older Adults regardless of their functional capacity,
3. We must employ a process that is unified (public and private involvement) and
develop a plan that is comprehensive (covering all aspects of aging).
4. The Aging Plan would be a five year strategic plan requiring annual updates.
1/16/99
FN:Need- pin.doc
If
i
Older Population in NC Counties
The Growth of the
Prniections Increase 1996 -2020
The Growth of the Older Population in NC Counties
1996 Population Estimates 2020 Population Projections Increase 1996 -2020
County
All Ages
#65+
%65+
All Ages
#65+
%65+
All Ages
65+
Jackson
29,238
4,336
14.8%
32,822
7,975
24.3%
12.3%
83.90/a
Johnston
99,215
12,401
12.5%
147,349
24,378
16.5%
48.5%
96.6%
Jones
9,322
1,398
15.0%
9,266
1,952
21.1%
-0.6%
39.6%
Lee
47,402
6,721
14.2%
61,760
12,014
19.5%
30.3%
78.8%
Lenoir
59,262
8,734
14.7%1
58,394
12,285
21.00/a
-1.5%
40.7%
Lincoln
56,808
6,945
12.2%
76,990
13,520
17.6%
35.5%
94.7%
Macon
27,050
6,325
23.4%
34,259
10,895
31.8%
26.7%
72.3%
Madison
18,194
3,137
17.2%
19,393
4,915
25.3%
6.6%
56.7%
Martin
25,762
3,895
15.1%
25,306
5,590
22.1%
-1.8%
43.5%
McDowell
38,317
5,946
15.5%
39,391
9,080
23.1%
2.8%
52.7%
Mecklenburg
593,514
56,545
9.5%
878,995
114,409
13.0%
48.1%
102.3%
Mitchell
14,652
2,802
19.1%
14,708
4,114
28.0%
0.4%
46.8%
Montgomery
24,382
3,301
13.5%
25,555
4,270
16.7%
4.8%
29.4°/
Moore
68,126
15,185
22.3%
90,862
26,178
28.8%
33.4%
72.4%
Nash
86,026
10,927
12.7%
111,449
19,455
17.5%
29.6%
78.0%
L
New Hanover
143,430
19,038
13.3%
202,050
39,213
19.4%
40.9%
06.0%Northam
ton
20,858
3,710
17.8%
18,404
4,594
25.0%
- 11.8%
23.8%
Onslow
150,216
8,162
5.4%
207,980
19,127
9.2%
38.5%
134.3%
Orange
106,045
9,308
8.8%
146,494
21,553
14.7%
38.1%
131.6%
Pamlico
12,010
2,221
18.5%
13,272
3,666
27.6%
10.5%
65.1%
Pasquotank
33,848
4,822
14.2%
40,614
7,061
17.4%
20.0%
46.4%
Pender
35,978
5,2781
14.7%
56,553
11,616
20.5%
57.2%
120.1%
Per uimans
10,756
2,032
18.9%
11,693
2,961
25.3%
8.70/6
45.7%
Person
32,514
4,715
14.5%
36,998
7,378
19.9%
13.8%1
56.5%
Pitt
119,236
11,845
9.90/0
165,467
22,041
13.3%
38.8%
86.1%
Polk
16,195
4,077
25.2%
19,587
6,212
31.7%
20.9%
52.4%
Randolph
118,722
15,076
12.7%1
152,662
26,630
17.4%
28.6%
76.6 %
Richmond
45,840
6,646
14.5%
46,359
8,413
18.1%
1.1%
26.6%
Robeson
112,005
12,193
10.9%
125,186
19,337
15.4%
11.8%
58.6%
Rockingham
89,250
13,492
15.1%
92,604
19,761
21.3%
3.8%1
46.5%
Rowan
121,003
18,736
15.5%
152,090
27,821
18.3%
25.7%
48.5%
Rutherford
59,334
9,482
16.0%
65,631
13,485
20.5%
10.6%
42.2%
Sam son
51,498
7,6511
14.9%
55,733
11,272
20.2%
8.2%
47.3%
Scotland
35,030
3,9761
11.4%
37,387
6,363
17.0%
6.7%
60.00/a
Stanly
54,588
8,1121
14.9%
61,606
10,969
17.8%
12.9%
35.2%
Stokes
42,222
5,096
12.1%
54,553
10,526
19.3%
29.2%
106.60/a
Surry
65,866
10,402
15.8%
74,086
16,390
22.1%
12.5%
57.6%
Swain
11,847
1,919
16.2%
12,500
2,852
22.8%
5.5%
48.6%
Transylvania
27,558
5,760
20.9%
30,556
9,474
31.0%
10.9%
64.5%
Tyrrell
3,671
669
18.2%
3,287
798
24.3%
-10.5%
19.3%
Union
102,083
9,923
9.75/6
154,192
22,963
14.9%
51.0%
131.40/a
Vance
40,621
5,298
13.0%
44,821
7,276
16.2%
10.3%
37.3%
Wake
539,187
42,884
8.0%
918,936
119,762
13.0%
70.4%
179.3%
Warren
18,183
3,506
19.3%
19,808
5,252
26.5%
8.9%
49.8%
Washington
13,504
2,025
15.0 -/0
11,555
2,827
24.5%
- 14.40/a
39.60/a
Watauga
40,451
4,635
11.5%
47,624
9,102
19.1%
17.7%
96.4%
Wayne
112,386
12,338
11.0%
125,598
21,314
17.0%
11.8%
72.80/a
Wilkes
62,762
8,989
14.3%
64,952
14,868
22.9%
3.5%
65.4%
Wilson
68,460
9,168
13.4%
72,668
14,148
19.5%
6.1%
54.3%
Yadkin
34,737
5,381
15.5%
43,780
9,111
20.8%1
26.0%
69.3%
Yancey
16,248
2,980
18.3%
17,343
4,680
27.01/6
6.7%
57.0%
NC (Total)
7,323,085
927,586
12.7%
9,345,967
1,634,691
17.5%1
27.6%
76.2%
A Report Prepared
for the
14C Division of Aging
by CARES,
the Center for Aging
Research and
Educational Services
Jordan Institute for Families
School of Social Work
University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
(hftp://iff.sowo-unc.edu/cares/
boomteas.htm)
1990
Boomers
AA1 -me�
pi 9000
4!b- �
at Mid -fife
The Future of Aging in North Carolina
"Talkin "bout My Generation"
At each stage of life transition, "baby boomers = people born be-
tween 1946 to 1964 —have challenged existing structures and
resources. They put pressure on hospital maternity units
when they were bom. They overflowed the public school
system, leading to record construction, overcrowded
classrooms, and sometimes double shifts of classes.
They gave a huge boost to college enrollment, and they
created an "echo boom" of births when they reached
child- bearing ages. As the oldest boomers began to turn
50 in 1996, the media took up the cry that demogra-
phers and those who work in the field of aging had been
70 80 voicing for many years: "What is going to happen when
the boomers reach retirement age ?" Boomers at Mid -Life:
The Future of Aging in North Carolina will explore this com-
ing wave of older adults and its impact on North Carolina.
10 20 30 40 50 60
Age
"What's Goin' On"
A Description of Boomers in North Carolina
• In 1990 there were more than 2 million boomers in North Carolina —about one third
of the population and almost half of those of working age.
• One of the stereotypes of boomers is that they are well educated, but more than
half had a high school diploma or less when they were ages 25 to 34. This is better
than their parents, but it limits the occupational potential of the boomers and makes
lifelong learning a necessity.
• Boomers have higher incomes (in real terms) than their parents did at comparable
ages. This is because personal income has increased and because two- income
families are more common.
• The income gap between African American and White boomers is smaller than it
was in their parents' generation. Despite civil rights activities, the income gap for
African American boomers has not continued to narrow.
• How boomers will live in their later years will depend on the great diversity of family
configurations they have developed. Boomers married later than their parents, and
a larger number have remained single. They are less likely to be living in married -
family households or with their parents, and more likely to be living alone, as single
heads of household, or with a partner to whom they are not married.
"Money Makes the World Go Round"
Economic Security in Later Years
• Roughly one -fifth of NC boomers are comfortable or well -to-do (household incomes greater
than $63,000 in 1996 dollars). Another fifth are below the poverty level or just above.
Some 60 percent are in the middle. How well boomers do now influences how much they wilt
accumulate for retirement in Social Security, pensions, and assets.
• The bipartisan 1994 -96 Advisory Council on Social Security released three separate recom-
mendations to sustain Social Security beyond 2030. Each proposal included raising the re-
tirement age, a slight increase in taxes, and privatizing some or all of the trust fund revenue.
With no change, the trust fund will still be able to cover 75 percent of benefits in 2029.
• North Carolina has a greater proportion of new jobs in technical fields than the nation, and
these may offer good salaries and pension plans. However, nearly one million NC boomers —
roughly half —are in occupations that did not offer pensions to people who retired in 1993.
• Boomers are just entering the ages when their parents began to save more of their earnings
for retirement. Will the boomers save enough? To live on 75 percent of their current earnings,
boomers making $20,000 would have to save $120,000 to supplement Social Security. For
those with middle to high incomes, savings and pension together must surpass $1 million to
maintain the same standard of living. And what about the poor and near -poor?
• Lifelong learning through North Carolina's community colleges and universities are help-
ing boomers get and maintain better jobs now and will be a major source for job retraining,
information, and self - development.
"Stayin' Alive"
Health Status of Boomers Now and In the Future
• Around 260,000 (13 percent) of NC boomers —many fully employed and middle class —
have no health insurance, decreasing their chances of getting preventive services and early
treatment that reduce the possibility of serious health problems later. -
• Boomers talk a good game about living healthy life- styles, but do they really? About a third of
older NC and US boomers are overweight. Smoking rates in this state are among the highest
in the country, and NC boomers exercise less than boomers nationally.
• North Carolina is the twelfth highest in the nation in "preventable deaths =that is, deaths
caused by changeable behavioral or environmental causes.
• The anticipated arrival of boomers has heightened public concerns about the future of
Medicare and Medicaid and interest in a range of options including managed care, medi-
cal savings accounts, flexible long -term care insurance, and "medigap."
"When We're 64" and Older
How Will Boomers Live When They're Old?
• Like today's older adults, the boomers in later life will be disproportionately women. They
are even more likely to be single, and on average, they will have fewer children.
• Several trends suggest that boomers will age with fewer disabilities and be able to use
lower -cost service options. Still, their numbers will have a heavy impact on the formal and
informal long -term care system.
• Technology will make a big difference. On the positive side, better, more carefully tailored
services will be available. On the negative side, the glut of information may make people more
vulnerable to its misuse, increasing the need for consumer education and protection.
• Like their parents, most boomers will enter retirement healthy and active, but some face
difficult odds and create special challenges for their families, communities, and govern-
ment. What can we do today about the 344,000 who lack a high school education, the
nearly 186,000 boomer households at or near poverty, and the substantial numbers who
smoke, are overweight, or fail to exercise?
The NC oepwwrwd of Neam coca
H~ serves does na ascr:ni-
nw an ft wsis of race. color. na-
tiond wvr% sex. reig -% aye. or
6siDiy it ernpbprA nt or 1M Provi-
sion of serviom 1000 copies primta0
at a cost of SW or $0.06 per copy.
The Graying of America
✓ About half of all the people who have ever
lived to be 65 or -older are alive today.
✓ life expectancy at birth in the U.S. was 47
years in 1900; it is now about 76.
✓ More than 70 percent of people now live to
age 65, almost three times as many as at the
start of the century.
Six Myths ofAging
Society is in persistent denial of some important
truths about aging. We view the aged as sick,
demented, frail, weak, disabled, powerless, sexless,
passive, alone, unhappy, and unable to learn — in
short a rapidly growing mass of irreversibly ill,
irretrievable older Americans. To make use of the
new scientific knowledge and experience its ben-
efits, we must "unlearn" the myths of aging.
Myth: To be old is to be sick.
_ act: Only 5.2 percent of older people reside in
nursing homes, down from 6.3 percent in 1982. Of
Americans aged 75 -84 in 1994,73 percent reported
no disability. Even after age 85.40 percent were
fu::y functional- The reduction in disability appears
to be acLe!erating, even among those over age 957-1
Myth: You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
Fact: The less people are challenged, the less they
can perform. Older people can, and do, learn new
things — and learn them well. In one experiment,
older people who showed declines in inductive
reasoning and spatial orientation made significant
and longlasting improvement after five training
sessions.12
Myth: The horse is out of the barn.. Many believe
that, after decades of fat -laden foods, no exercise
and overindulging in alcohol, what they have lost is
gone forever and cannot be recovered.
Fact: Nature is remarkably forgiving. The risk of
heart disease begins to fall almost as soon as you
quit smoking. In five years, an ex- smoker is not
much more likely to have heart disease than some-
one who never smoked — and the good effects of
quitting hold regardless of age, how much or how
long you smoked. The same is true for obesity,
✓ From the birth of Christ to 1900, life ex-
pectancy increased each year an average of
three days. Since 1900, it has increased 110
days a year.
✓ The "old old" (over age 75) are the fastest
growing segment of the population: in 1900,
4 percent of the over -65 population was
over age 85; now more than 10 percent are.
— From Successful Aging
blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycer-
ides, and decreased physical functioning.
Myth: The secret to successlul aging is to choose your
parents wisely.
Fact: With rare exceptions, only about 30 percent
of physical aging can be blamed on genes and only
about half of changes in mental function. This leaves
substantial room for healthy lifestyle to protect the
mind and body. Also, as we grow older, genetics
become less important, and environmental factors
more important.'
Myth: The rights may be on, but the voltage is low.
Fact: In an early study, about 70 percent of 68-
year -old men were sexually active. At age 78, this
dropped to about 25 percent. due mostly to health.
Among older women, the major factor for declining
sexual activity was the unavailability of an appropri-
ate partner. The same study repeated today would
likely show greater sexual activity.
Apart from sexual activitythe-basic human need
for affectionate physical contact, which is apparent
even in newborn infants, persists throughout life.
The voltage is never too low for that — in fact, it
may help keep the lights on.
Myth: The elderly don't pull their own weight
Fact The unstated assumptions are that every-
body who works for pay is pulling his or her weight,
and those who do not are a burden. The truth is
some people who are paid do little or nothing
useful while unpaid but productive work — in the
home or as. a volunteer — is uncounted. Also,
millions of seniors are, ready, willing and able to
increase their productivity, both paid and voluntary,
given a chance. 10 .
— Excerpted, with editing, from Successful Aging
I The Research
I. Albert. MS, et al. (December 1995) "Predictors of
Cognitive Change in Older Persons: MacArthur
Studies of Successful Aging :' Psychology and Aging, pp.
578 -89.
2. Avorn,J, and Langer, EJ Qune 1982) "induced Disabil-
ity in Nursing Home Patients:A Controlled Trial :'
Journal of the American Geriatric Society, pp. 397 -400.
3. Banes, P. and Baltes. MM, eds. (1990) Successful Aging:
Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences. NewYork:
Cambridge University Press.
4. Eandura,A (1997) "Self-Efficacy-.Toward a Unifying
Theory of Behavioral Change :' Psychological Review,
84.191.
S. Fiatarone, MA. et al. (June 23, 1994) "Exercise
Training and Nutritional Supplementation for
Physical Frailty in Very Elderly People :' New England
Journal of Medicine, pp. 1769 -75.
6. House. JS, et al. Guly 29, 1988) "Social Relationships
and Health :' Science, pp. 540 -5.
7. Manton. KG, et al. (1997) "Chronic Disability Trends
in E!derly United States Population, 1982- 1994 :'
P. ccee dings of National Academy of Science, pp. 2593 -8.
8. Manton, KG, et al. (July 1995) "Changes in Morbidity
and Chronic Disability in the U.S. Elderly Population:
Evidence from the 1982, 1984 and 1989 National
Lcn; Term Care Surveys :' Journals of Gerontology
Center for the
Advancement of Health
2000 Hari& Avenue N.W., Suite 210
Was:-dngton, D.C. 20009 -1231
hupl /unvw.cfah.org
Series B. Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, pp.
5194 -204.
9. McClearn. GE, ec al. (June 6. 1997) "Substantial
Genetic Influence on Cognitive Abilities in Twins 80
or More Years Old :' Science, pp, 1560-3.
10. Riley, MW, and Riley, JW (199.1) "Structural Lag: Past
and Future :' In Riley. MW ec al. eds.Age and Struc-
tural Lag: Society's Failure to Provide Meaningful Oppor-
tunities in Work, Familj and Leisure, I S. New York: John
Wiley.
11. Rowe, JW, and Kahn, RL Quly 10, 1987) "Human
Aging. Usual and Successful :' Science, pp. 143 -9.
12. Schaie, KW, and Willis, SL (March 1986) "Can Adult
Intellectual Decline Be Reversed!" Developmental
Psychology, 223 -232.
13. Seeman.TE, et al. (July 1995) "Eehavioral and Psycho-
social Predictors.of Physical Performance:
MacArthur Studies of SuccessfulAging7 journals of
Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical
Sciences, pp. M 177 -83.
14. Seeman,TE, et al. (May 1994) "Predicting Changes in
Physical Functioning in a High - Functioning Elderly
Cohort: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging :'
Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sc ences and
Medical Sciences, pp. M97 -108.
15. Seeman,TE,et al. (1994) "Social Ties and Support
and Neuroendocrine Function:The MacArthur
Studies of Successful Aging:* Annals of Behavioral
Medicine, pp. 95 -106.
This report was prepared with assistance from:
Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research
Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine
American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
American Psychiatric Association
American Psychological Association
American Psychological Association— Division 38
American Psychosomatic Society
American Society of Psychiatric Oncology
College on Problems of Drug Dependence
Institute for the Advancement of Social Work Research
International Psycho- Oncology Society
International Society forTraumatic Stress Studies
Society of Behavioral Medicine
Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Society for Public Health Education
This issue of facts of life was supported by a special grant from the)ohn D and CatherineT. MacArthur Foundation. The Center for theAdvancement
of Health is a health policy institute founded by the MacArthur and Nathan Cummings Foundations. it works to incorporate into standard health
care those proven strategies that recognize and respond to how profoundly our attitudes, emotions, behaviors, social relations and economic status
impact the onset of some diseases, the progression of many and the management of nearly all.
Contace Richard Hebert, Communications Director —202- 387- 2829— rhebert @cfah_org
® Copyright 1998, Center for the Advancement of Health
0 + * *
National Institute on Aging
What's Y
01MAOT
I.Q.?
True False
1.
Baby boomers are the fastest growing segment of the population.
O
❑
2.
Families don't bother wiih their older relatives.
❑
❑
3.
Everyone becomes confused or forgetful if they live long enough.
❑
❑
4.
You can be too old to exercise.
❑
❑
5.
Heart disease is a much bigger problem for older men than for
❑
❑
older women.
6.
The older you get, the less you sleep.
❑
❑
7.
People should watch their weight as they age.
❑
❑
8.
Most older people are depressed. Why shouldn't they be?
❑
D
9.
There's no point in screening older people for cancer because
O
- ❑
they can't be treated.
10.
Older people take more medications than younger people.
❑
D
11.
People begin to lose interest in sex around age 55.
D
❑
12.
If your parents had Alzheimer's'disease, you will inevitably get it.
❑
❑
13.
Diet and exercise reduce the risk for osteoporosis.
❑
❑
14.
As your body changes with age, so does your personality.
❑
D
15.
Older people might as well accept urinary accidents as a fact of life.
D
❑
16.
Suicide is mainly a problem for teenagers.
❑
- ❑
17.
Falls and injuries "just happen" to older people.
❑
D
18.
Everybody gets cataracts.
D
❑
19.
Extremes of heat and cold can be especially dangerous for
D
❑
older people.
20.
"You can't teach an old dog new tricks."
❑
❑
Answers
1. False.
There are more than 3 million Americans
over the age of 85. That number is expected
to quadruple by the year 2040, when there
will be more than 12 million people in that
age group. The population age 85 and older
is the fastest growing age group in the U.S.
2 False.
Most older people live close to their children
and see them often. Many live with their
spouses. An estimated 80 percent of men
and 60 percent of women live in family
settings.' Only 5 percent of the older
population lives in nursing homes.
3. False.
Confusion and serious forgetfulness in old
age can be caused by Alzheimer's disease or
other conditions that result in irreversible
damage to the brain. But at least 100 other
problems can bring on the same symptoms. A
minor head injury, high fever, poornutrition,
adverse drug reactions, and depression also
can lead to confusion. These conditions are
treatable, however, and the confusion they
cause can be eliminated.
4. False.
Exercise at any age can help strengthen the
heart and lungs and lower blood pressure. It
also can improve muscle strength and, if
carefully chosen, lessen bone loss with
age. See a physician before beginning anew
exercise program.
5. False.
The risk of heart disease increases dramatically
forwomen after menopause. By age 65, both
men and women have a one in three chance
of showing symptoms. But risks can be
significantly reduced by following a healthy
diet and exercising.
6. False.
In later life, it's the quality of sleep that
declines, not total sleep time. Researchers
have found that sleep tends to become more
fragmented as people age. A number of
reports suggest that older people are. less
likely than younger people to stay awake
throughout the day and that older people
tend to take more naps than younger people.
7. True.
Mostpeople gain weightas theyage. Because
ofchangesin the bodyand decreasingphysical
activity, older people usually need fewer
calories. Still, a balanced diet is important.
Older people require essential nutrients just
likeyoungeradults. Youshouldbeconcerned
about your weight if there has been an
involuntary gain or loss of 10 pounds in the
past 6 months.
8. False.
Most older people are not depressed. When
it does occur, depression is treatable
throughout the life cycle using a variety of
approaches, such as family support,
psychotherapy, or antidepressant med-
ications. Aphysician can determine whether
the depression is caused by medication an
older person might be taking, by physical
illness, stress, or other factors.
9. False.
Many olderpeople can beatcancer, especially
if it's found early. Over half of all cancers
occur in people 65 and older, which means
that screening for cancer in this age group is
especially important.
10. True.
Older people often have a combination of
conditions thatrequire drugs. Theyconsume
25 percent of all medications and can have
many more problems with adverse reactions.
Check with your doctor to make sure all
drugs and dosages are appropriate.
11. False.
Most olderpeople can lead an active, satisfying
sex life.
12. False.
The overwhelming number of people with
Alzheimer's disease have not inherited the
disorder. In a few families, scientists have
seen an extremely high incidence of the
disease and have identified genes in these
families which they think may be responsible.
13. True.
Women are atparticularriskforosteoporosis.
They can help prevent bone loss by eating
foods rich in calcium and exercising regularly
throughoutlife. Foodssuchasmilkandother
dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables,
salmon, sardines, and tofu promote new bone
growth. Activities such as walking, biking,
and simple exercises to strengthen the upper
body also can be effective.
14. False.
Research has found that, except for the
changes that can result from Alzheimer's
disease and other forms of dementia,
personality is one of the few constants of life.
That is, you are likely to age much as you've
lived.
15. False.
Urinary incontinence is a symptom, not a
disease_ Usually, it is caused by specific
changes in bodyfunction thatcan resultfrom
infection, diseases, pregnancy, or the use of
certain medications. A variety of treatment
options are available for people who seek
medical attention.
16. False.
Suicide is most prevalent among people age
65 and older. An older person's concern
with suicide should be taken very seriously
and professional help should be sought
quickly.
17. False.
Falls are the most common cause of injuries
among people over age 65. But many of
these injuries, which result in broken bones,
can be avoided. Regular vision and hearing
tests and good safety habits can help prevent
accidents. Knowing whether your medi-
cations affect balance and coordination also
is a good idea.
18. False.
Not everyone gets cataracts, although a great
many older people do. Some 18 percent of
people between the ages of 65 and 74 have
cataracts, while more than 40 percent of
those between 75 and 85 have the problem.
Cataracts can be treated very successfully
with surgery; more than 90 percent of people
say they can see better after the procedure.
19. True.
The body's thermostat tends to function less
efficientlywith age, making the older person's
body less able to adapt to heat or cold.
20. False.
People at any age can learn new information
and skills. Research indicates that older
people can obtain new skills and improve old
ones, including how to use a computer.
The National Insti tute on Aging (NIA) is responsible for the "conduct and support of
biomedical, social, and behavioral research, training, health information dissemination,
and other programs with respect to the aging process and the diseases and other special
problems and needs of the aged." To carry out its mission, the NIA engages in colla-
borative activities with other NIH institutes and Federal agencies. Where appropriate,
research is conducted through interventions and clinical trials.
One component of the NIA is the Public Information Office, which plans and carries
out a legislatively mandated information and education program for the general
public, mass media, physicians and health care workers, other government agencies,
and service organizations. The information office oversees the NIA Information
Clearinghouse and the Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral (ADEAR)
Center. For more information on aging research or NIA publications, contact the
Public Information Office at (301) 496 -1752.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
October 1991
* U.S. Govcmmcnt Printing Office: 1991 - 281437140019
FQb -15 -99 05:44P Town of Carrboro 919 968 7737 P_01
TOWN OF CARRBORO
NORTH CAROLINA
FAX TRANSMITTAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT
TO: u� t
Dave Stancil
FROM: Patricia J. McGuire, Land Use er
DATE: February 15, 1999
SUBJECT: Inclusionary Housing/Small House Requirements
Here is a copy of the agenda abstract for the Board of Aldermen review of this issue at
their meeting next Tuesday night (February 23rd). I've included all the attachments to the
abstract except for 14 pages of results of a survey of inclusionary housing programs in
California that was attached to Alex Zatirron's memo but is not referenced. The available
original copy of Alex Zaffron's memo is rather fuzzy and may not survive the electronic
journey. Call me if you need a translator.
Don't hesitate to call me if you have any questions or need other information.
TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES (including this sheet) = 9
Planning Department • Planning Division
301 West Main StrW, Carrboro, NC 27510 • (919) 968 -7714 • FAX (919) 968.7737 • TDD (919) 968 -7717
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Feb -15 -99 05:45P Town o`f carrrboro 919 968 7737 P_02
BOARD OF ALDERNMN
ITEM NO.
AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT "Preliminary"
MEETING DATE: Tuesday, February 23, 7999
SUBJECT: DISCUSSIONIREQUEST -TO -SET: Land Use Ordinance Amendment to
require that developers provide some smaller houses
I)EPATIAKNT: PLANNING I PUBLIC HI,;AItING: YES— NO x
ATI'A(,'IIWENTS: WIZ INFORMA'NON CON1'A(:'I':
A. Alex Zaffron memo re: Inclusionary Patricia McGuire -- 968 -7714
Housing Proposal for Carrboro Mike Brough -- 929 -3905
B. Mike Brough memo re: requiring some
smaller houses in major subdivisions
UIE FOLLOWING INI,'ORMATiON IS PRO IWI):
(X) Purpose () Analysis (X) Summary
() Action Requested (X) Recommendation
PURPOSE
To review an "An Ordinance Amending; the C;arrboro rand Use Ordinance to Require that at Least
Twenty Percent of the Single Family Dwelling Units within any Residential Subdivision under a Special
or Conditional Use Permit be 1,100 Square Feet or Less in Size." Should the Board of Aldermen decide
to set a public hearing; to receive public comment on this ordinance, a recommended date is April 13,
1999.
SUMMARY
The 1998 Action Agenda included an Affordable Housing Goal. Four projects were listed as the means of
achieving this goal.
On August 25, 1998, the Board discussed a discussion paper on inclusionary zoning that had been
prepared by Alderman Alex Zaffron. This paper included a proposal for a text amendment to require that
20 percent of all new residential dwellings units be limited in size to 1,100 square feet or less.
The Board discussed the memo and directed Town Attorney, Mike Brough, to draft an ordinance as
proposed by A'ldernlan Zaffron.
Mr. though prepared a draft ordinance and submitted it to the Board of Aldermen on February 2, 1999.
Feb -15 -99 05 :45P Town o'f Carrboro 919 968 7737 P_03
Discussion /Request -to-set LUO Amendment Requiring Some Smaller Houses Page 2
February 23,1999
Should the Board decide to proceed with implementing this change, a public hearing will need to be set
and the draft ordinance referred to Orange County and the Advisory Boards. The Board may also wish to
refer the draft ordinance to the Home Council, and the Orange County Community Housing Corporation.
ANALYSIS
See attached materials, including Alderman Zaffron's inclusionary Housing Proposal (_ and
Mr. Brough's memorandum ( ). Mr. Brough's memo includes a draft ordinance that. would
implement Alderman Laffron's proposal.
RECOMMENDATTON
The Administration recommends that the Board of Aldermen considers this issue and determines whether
it wishes to set a public hearing on "An Ordinance Amending the Carrboro Land Use Ordinance to
Require that at Least Twenty Percent of the Single Family Dwelling Units within any Residential
Subdivision Approved Under a Special or Conditional Use Permit be 1,100 Square Feet or Less in Size."
Should the Hoard decide to proceed and set a public hearing on this text amendment, the Administration
recommends that the hearing be set for April 13, 1999 and that the ordinance be referred to advisory
boards and Orange County for review.
Feb -15 -99 05:45P Town of Carrbovo 919 968 7737 P_04
14 t-1
• Attachment A
ALEX ZAI >;:RON
[06 W CA SA ST -2
CARP,GORO, NC, 27510
Memo--Zz --
t_
To:•$oari! of aldermen
Fr. Alderman AlexZ2tfron
Rc: QiversitroffaffordabiO housing as Included In 97.98 action agenda
AN INCLUSIONARY HOUSING PROPOSAL FOR CARRIDOW
f. A FEW N01-ES ON INCLUSIONARY HOLIVNGIZONING POLICIES
- inctusionary zoning/housing portcy" Is a term used to describe a series of mechanisms used by
govern ments --c+ ally oiues'Ind counties to induce developers by incerdiive or Muifemerd to
indude a percentage of moderately priced dwetrsngs in new developments. The application and
structure of tndusionery housing requirements is generally regarded to have been Initiated by a
series of court cases in New Jorsay in the 1970's. In these cases, the stete of NewJerszy fi,ed
the town of Mount Laurel, claiming that d'S exclusionary zoning' ordinances "oh Imposed
minimum iot4ze and dwelling -unit square footage MQuirOments eftectvely constituted a Public
policy of disc urination against lower income residents and minorities thereby violating feral
fair hotising guldefines. in the final case (NJ Y. Mount Laurel II) The court agreed with the s atc's
posrl -ion and mauired the city of Mount Lt urel to rwmoVe It's exdus!Qnary por -ties, and hunther
ordered that cemective measures be taken to ametlolate the past effecXs of Mount Laurel's
poticies. The mechanism that w-2S devised Is an oWinance requiring developers In the cry to
construct a cedAia peroentage of new dwstrrnns to be-.sold at or betow a specified price level.
This mechanism, known as indusionary zoning iM9since bem adopted by other governments
around the country to ttelp cotred the ell'ed of v6away Inflation of housing prices In Wet tented
markets, most notalAy In California.
2. LOCAL APPLICATION: -
Cincurnstadees in southern Orartigll County. and tastOOM and Chapel bill in pscticutar am si=r
to those In other areas becoming poptflar witA t+etlrees aitif wealthy iknmipsarrts. Namely. tYtat
demand for expensive. lt=ty housing has driven a patierr5'of inflation to housing costs vNc h
has far outstripped the rise in other Irving costs And salaries. Aowrdir►Q to an sri;de in the Ne%l
and Observer (3128198) the average sales price for homes Sold in January'96 in Ofange Cc -asmty
was $213,319 -dhe ftighesl average In the Trlang!e. Ac-.;ording to figures putA'fs1hed by the Grange
County Economic Development Comcnission, housing prices have risen over 1@QM over a V
year period. This series of indicators makes southern Orange County an, ideal candidate for the
impiernentation of an effective strategy to intervene in the markelplaoc to cool the Kationa.ti
trend
Feb -15 -99 05:45P Town of Carrbovo 919 968 7737 P.05
IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES:
The ordinance I propose begins Nrilh 8 Cas: line formula that wiu require that dCvelo;>er
construct a minimum of 20% of all new residential dwelling units within any develerx. :,; su`i.
to a conditional-or special -use permit to be no greater than 1100 square feet per -unO,
The figures described in the proposal were arrived at using the following reasoning: 1) ACC*rv,:.r
to information circulating In the real estate community, dwarlin units In the aun.y arc w;;ina 2i
a price roughly equivalent to St 00.00 per square toot. 2) According to Housing and Ur `an
Development Department guidelines, the definition of an "affordable" homo, is one iha; can e=
purchased by a household whose income i5 $0% or less than the Median hous-c&hold incoarre f -,-
a family of four in the Metropolitan Statistical area. Using these guidelines. Q engs C4�-: ,,y
Government figurers place the threshold of Wfordability" at *bOUI $104.000 p2Tune. -'C t!!
squarb foot figure is a round figure which roughly meets that standard, and is reaso,:et -'
compatible with many available floor plans for entry -level single family snits, 3? the 2_=
proportionality simply reflects the upper limit of proportionality contained "tt-..in mos,
inclusiorlary ordinances using price caps(Inclusionary Housing Programs: Poii•;�os arc, 2cticc:.
Mallach. 1986.).
VARIATIONS:
I believe that there is some room for adjustment In the fioures(a.g. 25 -30% aRoraab�e
proportionality, andfor a split requirement of - assuming a 20114 overall proportiona'.ity -" it a+.
1,100 sglft and 10% at 600 sq /ft to promote additional diversity) in the con;tru r�:on o' t':t finat
ordinance.
Possible other requirements could br that these 'affordable' unks may not be isola:a = : ,c-m t:.e
remainder Of the development either visually or by Infrastructure, and that rusid ;;tts of
'affordable" units may out be precluded from full participation In, and acresa to any
common facilities within the development and any activities associated Wth any homeowner'
a$S*6360n a5SOCiatr4 with the deveioprnerni. The object of these peovisio�s to-& tz� ;,,even-t
developers frorn "eating nelghboMoods which would serve to segregate resider c of
incomes,
Also Mentioned has been the Idea of mandating that "affordable" units may be cons;ruaz—! iv *, a
minimum numbor of bedrooms to prevent developers from effie ing `Student' apart ments _o
meet the requirements. While there may be some problems with this idea, there may t-f a war to
incorporate such a mechanism
d, EFRECTWENESS-
Anyone wtio says that any piece of legislation is guaranteed to produce art of ttie resu'ts
is eitfler footish ordisingenuous. As such t do not propose that the ordinance prcposec .e-e Ls a
panacea for our housing dilemma. *i do believe, however that such a measure vii! e,nsU a :ar
greaterlevel of divet34iy in new housing than we have experienced in past de—'{65, an-= • :; s
wrill significantly broaden housing opportunities for a wider range of resid9r►ts
many other market cori;rois. Stich a measure, by discouraging cxtri:sivity a.)d r^:..
W, r _-
types may serve to help rnoa:ra(e tnc g^eieral inlationary trend in
Feb -15 -99 05:46P Town of Carrboro 919 968 7737 P.06
3. STRATEGIES AND OBSTACLES
t_cwAl govemrnenis have br:en struggling with the issue of how to restore the provision of a more
balanced stock of housing with limited results: Non pmrd organizations have produced some
afYordabic units wfih some government participation; orange County offers a very limited density
bonus to developers for the pr'ovLion of some housing at lower prices which has yielded no.ctnits
to dale. 11t►hile both Carrboro and Chapel Kill have exoressed lriterest in pursuing conven(lonal
incluSionary housing policies, $ has been opined that NOW) Carolina statuto doe$ not allow local
governments to directly impose controls on Rousing prices_ As a result, on several occasions
Chapel Hill and Carrl<oro have included neauests for enabling legislation in annual legislative
action packages. In all cases, these fegaests have been summarily rejected. It is generally
believed that such Ieglsfation would be. stridently oppoorpd h)�.(he Homebuilders Mvwciation and
olner development lobbying Interests.
As a rpsulL, I began a tine of inquiry to detormine "other local govemments might be able to
utilize another mechanism within currently allowed authority to achieve an effect similar to that
produced by traditional Inclusionary toning ordinances. After .sortie researeh, it seemed that the
best approach would be to attempt to use an Indexing system that was most closely-related to
the unit cost of new dwelling units which Could be regulated under local govemment's authority to
regulate land use.
In the mai estate industry, a common tenchmark for dascnbipg unit housing Costs Is t0 descn'b-e
the cost per square foot of dwelling units. tltitizino this benchmark in combin-ation vn"th Common.
sense ot*ervation shows that larger home$ sell for greater prices than smalterdwellins. As
such, It wom1d appear that a logical approach may be to ernptoy prMisely the same mechanism
es Mount Lautei s erstwi.ile exoustonary zoning ordinances in reverse, 'fo wit, to pace a limit orb
maximum allowable square footage per dwelling unit for a percentage of new units in each new
pertnitted development. Such regulation should then be indexed to a reliable indicator of
prevailing median salaries and mandated cap$ dos�gned to fit accepted descriptions of
'afl'otdable' housing, using the prevailing per-square foot unit cost.
As a result, we have made inquiries of the Town Attorney regarding the Towns regal ability to
use such a mechanism. In correspondence and testimony berore the Board, the attorney has
opined that these regulatory measures would tall tinder the town's authority to regulate land use,
and within that cont®xL the authorhy to regulate configuration and size of bulldings placed on
deretoping properties, Given the information presented. I propose that we consider the following:
Feb -15 -99 05 :46P Town of Carrboro 919 968 7737 P.07
Attachment B
Memorandum to: Carrboro Mayor and Board of Aldermen
From: Michael B. Brough 00
Subject: Ordinance Requiring Developers to Provide Some Smaller Houses
Date: February 2, 1999
Attached is the first draft of an ordinance requested by the Board some time ago. (I
apologize for taking so long to produce it). The draft has not been reviewed by the staff and is
truly just a first draft. Nevertheless, t wanted to get it into your hands since I have already been
contacted by a reporter about it.
In this initial draft, I have opted for a simple approach, requiring that at least 20% of the
new homes in covered subdivisions contain not more than 1,100 square feet of heated floor
space. The ordinance could be drafted to require varying percentages of different size homes if
the Board so desires. Note that the ordinance applies to all subdivided developments of more
than four lots, including townhome developments where the homes are sold. In fact, it is likely
that many developers would construct townhomes to comply with the provisions of this
amendment. Note also that the ordinance does not apply to multi - family projects that are not
subdivided (i.e. rental apartment projects). The main reason is that such projects have typically
provided a significant number of smaller units without a regulatory requirement.
Most of the provisions of the amendment are sett' explanatory, but two deserve some
comment. First, the second sentence of subsection (e) makes clear that, once a size- limited unit
is sold by the developer or builder, then the purchaser is not prohibited from expanding the home
after one year. The one year period is designed to assure that the expansion is undertaken by a
retail purchaser, rather than a builder. Second, subsection (f) exempts the conversion into "for
sale" townhomes of townhomes that have previously been rented for at feast three years. 1 have
some doubt based upon existing case law that the town could prevent such conversion, and
again, townhome projects typically provide a substantial percentage of units containing 1,100
square feet or less.
The staff and I will await the Board's direction as to how to proceed with this ordinance.
Feb -15 -99 05:46P Town of Carrboro 919 968 7737 P.08
DRAFT 2 -1 -99
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE CARRBORO LAND USE ORDINANCE TO REQUIRE
THAT AT LEAST TWENTY PERCENT OF THE SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING UNITS
WITHIN ANY RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION APPROVED UNDER A SPECIAL OR
CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT BE 1,100 SQUARE FEET OR LESS IN SIZE_
THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF TILE TOWN OF CARRBORO ORDAINS:
Section 1. Article XII of the C:arrboro Land Use Ordinance is amended by adding a new
Section 15 -188 to read as follows:
Section 15 -188 Restrictions Designed to Mandate the Construction of Some Smaller Single
Family Homes
(a) The Board finds that:
(1) Construction of new, single- i'amily homes within the town's planning
jurisdiction in recent years has been limited almost exclusively to homes
that exceed 1,500 square feet in heated floor area and that sell for prices
in excess of $ 175,000;
(2) it is in the public interest to have available within the town's planning
jurisdiction a diversity of new housing stock such that at least some
newly constructed single - family homes are potentially affordable to
families other than those in the highest income brackets;
(3) The objective of providing some diversity in terms of the affordability of
new housing stock within the town's planning jurisdiction as described
above can be advanced by mandating that a certain percentage of the
homes within new subdivisions be limited to not more than 1,100 square
feet in heated floor area.
(b) Subject to the remaining provisions of this section, every residential
subdivision containing live or more lots shall be developed in such a manner
that at least twenty percent of the dwelling units constructed within such
subdivision contain not more than 1,100 square feet of heated floor area at the
time such units are initially conveyed_ Such units shall be referred to in this
section as "size- limited units."
(c) The number of dwelling units that can be constructed within an architecturally
integrated subdivision is determined at the time the subdivision final plat is
approved. With respect to residential subdivisions other than architecturally
integrated subdivisions, each lot that is large enough for only a single
Feb -15 -99 05:46P Town of Carrboro 919 968 7737 P.09
dwelling unit or that is limited by restrictive covenants to development only
with a single dwelling unit shall be deemed to house one single- family
detached dwelling unit. Lots that are large enough to accommodate more
than one dwelling unit and are not so limited by restrictive covenants shall be
deemed to house the largest number of duplex or multifamily units that could
be approved under this chapter. The minimum number of size - limited units
shall then be determined by multiplying the maximum number of dwelling
units permissible within the subdivision as determined herein by 0.20
(resulting fractions shall be dropped).
(c�) The developer's plans submitted with the application for a special or
conditional use permit shall indicate which lots the developer proposes to
develop with a size - limited unit. The subdivision final plat shall indicate
clearly each lot on which a size- limited unit must be constructed, and, subject
to the provisions of subsection (e), purchasers of such lots shall be bound by
the limitation.
(e) No zoning or building permit may be issued for the construction of any
dwelling unit on any lot that has been designated as a lot on which a size -
limited unit must be constructed unless the dwelling conforms to the
limitations of this section. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this section shall
not prevent the purchaser of any size- limited unit, or any successor to such
purchaser, from enlarging the dwelling unit at any time following one year
after the issuance of the initial certificate of occupancy for the unit.
(f) This section shall not apply to any subdivision where each of the lots so
created contains on the date the final plat is approved a dwelling unit for
which a certificate of occupancy had been issued at least three years prior to
the date of final plat approval. Nor shall this section apply to modifications of
previously approved subdivisions.
(g) Size - limited units may not be located apart from the remainder of the
subdivision in any manner designed to isolate such units or discourage the
residents of such units from full participation in the enjoyment of all facilities
and common properties available to other residents of the subdivision.
Section 2. All provisions of any town ordinance in conflict with this ordinance
are repealed.
Section 3. This ordinance shall become effective upon adoption, except that its
provisions shall not apply to any subdivision with respect to which a completed
application was accepted, and the fees paid, prior to the date of adoption.