HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - 02-16-1999 - 10eORANGE COUNTY
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTP.ACT
Meeting Date: February 16, 1999
Action Agenda
Item No.
SUBJECT: High School Construction Standards Task Force Recommendations
DEPARTMENT: County Manager/Budget PUBLIC HEARING: (Y/N)
BUDGET AMENDMENT: (Y/N)
ATTACHMENT(S):
Task Force Report
(under separate cover - previously distributed)
INFORMATION CONTACT:
Steve Halkiotis, Task Force Chair, 732 -8126
Rod Visser, Asst County Mgr, ext 2300
Donna Dean, Budget Director, ext 2151
TELEPHONE NUMBERS:
Hillsborough 732 -8181
Chapel Hill 968 -4501
Durham 688 -7331
Mebane 336- 227 -2031
PURPOSE: To receive a report from the High School Construction Standards Task Force concerning
recommendations for the physical space profile and other standards to be observed in the design and
construction of future new high school space in Orange County.
BACKGROUND: In September 1997, the Orange County Board of County Commissioners convened a
High School Construction Standards Task Force. This six - member task force included two
representatives from the Board of County Commissioners and two representatives from each of the two
School Boards.
Orange County Board of County Commissioners: Moses Carey, Stephen Halkiotis
Chapel Hill - Carrboro Board of Education: Elizabeth Carter, Ken Touw
Orange County Board of Education: Susan Dovenbarger, Rick Kennedy
In developing standards for future high school construction in Orange County, the task force used North
Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DPI) guidelines for a "typical high school "; space profiles for
East Chapel Hill High School; and information developed by Orange County Schools staff members. In
keeping with the charge from the Board of County Commissioners, the task force considered in its
discussions:
• The ability to expand a new high school's capacity from 1,000 children to 1,500
• Location of a new high school
• Energy efficiency standards and day lighting
• Cost control and construction management
The task force agreed that the DPI guidelines were reasonable standards to use at the local level. In the
draft report from the Task Force, Appendices A and B include square footage standards as outlined by the
State, modified to reflect local needs as recommended by the Task Force. DPI guidelines are viewed by
the State as minimum space requirements, and in many functional areas, Orange County standards allow
for more space to provide greater flexibility to meet the educational specifications that will be developed
for any new high school's program of instruction.
This agenda item has been carried forward from the February 2, 1999 regular meeting agenda.
FISCAL IMPACT: Receipt of this report has no direct, immediate fiscal impact. However, the Board's
decision at a subsequent meeting to adopt these recommendations, or a modified set of standards, will
significantly affect the design and construction cost of the new high school in Orange County, and any
other future new high school space that may be needed.
RECOMMENDATION(S): The Manager recommends that the Board receive the report as information
at this time, and provide direction to staff on modifications (if any) needed to the Task Force's
recommendations. The final high school construction standards would then be prepared for formal
adoption by the Board of Commissioners at a future regular meeting.
Orange County, North Carolina
January 1999
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Table of Contents
Background
Capacity
1
1
School Sites
1
Interior Building Space Allocations
Classroom Standards
2
Media Center Standards
3
Physical Education Standards
3
Administration Standards
3
Student Support Areas Standards
4
Staff Support Areas Standards
4
CafeterialFood Service Standards
4
Commons /Circuladon/Entries/Building Support Standards
4
Cost per Square Foot
5
Other Facility Considerations
Technology Infrastructure
5
Energy Efficiencies
5
Materials
5
Appendices
Appendix A — Space AllocationlSquare Footage Assignments (1,000 Student Capacity) 6
Appendix B - Space Allocation/Square Footage Assignments (1,506 Student Capacity) 9
Appendix C — Estimated Cost of New High School 12
Appendix D — Energy Efficiency in Public Schools 13
r-
High School Construction Standards
Background
5
In September 1997, the Orange County Board of County Commissioners convened a High School
Construction Standards Task Force. This six - member task force included two representatives from the
Board of County Commissioners and two representatives from each of the two School Boards.
Orange County Board of County Commissioners Moses Carey
Stephen Halkiotis
Chapel Hill - Carrboro City School Board Elizabeth Carter
Ken Touw
Orange County School Board Susan Dovenbarger
Rick Kennedy
In developing standards for future high school construction in Orange County, the task force used North
Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DPI) guidelines for a "typical high school "; space profiles for
East Chapel Hill High School; and information developed by Orange County Schools staff members. The
task force paid particular attention to:
• The ability to expand a new high school's capacity from 1,000 children to 1,500;
• Location of a new high school;
• Energy efficiency standards and day lighting; and,
• Cost control and construction management.
The task force agreed that the DPI guidelines were reasonable standards to use at the local level.
Appendices A and B include square footage standards as outlined by the State, modified to reflect local
needs as recommended by the task force. DPI guidelines are viewed by the State as minimum space
requirements, and in many functional areas, Orange County standards allow for more space to provide
greater flexibility to meet the educational specifications that will be developed for any new high school's
program of instruction.
Capacity
The capacity of the Orange County standard high school is 1,000 students with the ability to expand to
1,500 students in future years as necessary.
School Sites
The March 1998 North Carolina Public School Facilities Guidelines report recommends a high school site
have a minimum of thirty usable acres plus one usable acre per each 100 average daily membership
(students). The minimum school site for a 1,000 - student high school is forty acres, and for a 1,500 -
student high school, it is forty-five acres.
1
b
Minimum acreage refers to usable land, land that can be developed. Additional acreage should be
considered to account for areas that cannot be built upon, such as steep slopes, wetlands, rights -of -way,
easements, setbacks, buffers, or poor soils. Another reason to consider additional acreage is the need to
meet requirements imposed by local ordinances. Restrictions governing the ratio of land that can be
disturbed within a development and the permitted amount of impervious surface will affect the ultimate
size of the site In addition, acreage for on -site parking needs should also be considered. Spaces should
be provided for all staff, itinerant specialists, and visitors. Parking should be provided for one -third or
more of the student population.
Community use of the facility and physical education fields could possibly increase the size of the school
site. For example, if a stadium and spectator parking are anticipated, an additional area of ten acres or
more may be necessary. The expanding number of high school athletic teams is another reason for a
larger school site. In addition to football and soccer teams, athletic facilities may also be required for
lacrosse and field hockey teams.
The Orange County high school standard profile cites a range of 40-60 acres, to accommodate the
potential acreage additions that may be necessary because of specific site topography, configuration, or
athletic facilities.
Interior Building Space Allocations
1. Classroom Standards
The Orange County standards are within the ranges provided by the State Department of Public
Instruction and provide for technology to be integrated into the classrooms. Square footage for regular
classrooms allows for five computers and ranges from 850 to 950 square feet per classroom. Square
footage for other classrooms - science, exceptional children, arts education, and workforce
development - is based on the function that each serves. The narrative below provides additional
information not detailed in the Appendices.
Remediation and Resource Labs - One or more small -group classrooms should be provided for
remediation, conferencing, guidance, and testing for groups up to twelve. Some smaller rooms may
also be needed in addition to the 450 square foot rooms to allow for smaller group activities. Orange
County standards provide for 900 -1,800 square feet for this function, depending on the design capacity
of the high school.
Exceptional Education - Programs for exceptional children vary depending on local factors which may
result in spaces that are larger than the DPI minimum guidelines. Additional support spaces may be
necessary for exceptional education purposes depending upon the program. Specialized spaces, such
as cooking areas, toilets, bath/shower rooms, laundries, observation rooms, and special equipment to
accommodate certain disabilities may be required. Orange County standards provide for 1,250 -3,300
square feet for this function, depending on the design capacity of the high school.
Instrumental and Vocal Classrooms - The State Department of Public Instruction facility guidelines
indicate that their square footage guidelines for both the Instrumental Classroom and the Vocal
K
7
Classroom/Music Library may be small. Some references recommend 10 -18 square feet per singer for
Vocal Rooms (more if choreographed) and 25 -35 square feet per student for Instrumental Rooms.
Class sizes for these programs are often large; 40 -80 students or more is not unusual. The Orange
County standards provide for a range of 2,800 -3,600 square feet for these classrooms.
Dance Classroom - Dressing rooms and access to showers for dance students are desirable in high
schools. If located adjacent to the gymnasium locker rooms, this space can be combined. 1,800 -2,000
square feet are included in the Orange County standards for this function.
Workforce Development - Facilities for high school Workforce Development programs are often large,
extensively equipped, and more expensive than regular classrooms because of their similarity to
industry. Square footage included in the appendix indicates the guidelines as outlined by DPI. A
basic high school vocational education program must offer at least three of the workforce development
programs. Many high schools offer all seven programs including agricultural, health occupations,
business, family and consumer sciences, marketing, technology, and trade and industrial. The number
and types of laboratories depend on local factors. More than one laboratory for a program such as
family and consumer sciences education may be necessary in larger schools. Another factor to
consider is the co -use of the darkroom of a school. A larger - than- standard darkroom with additional
storage could serve art and science programs as well as workforce development programs. The
Orange County high school standards assume that all seven programs may be provided. Space is
allocated for each, with the total ranging from 10,750 to 16,100 square feet.
2. Media Center Standards
The capacity for the media center of the school should be ten percent of the average daily membership
of the school. State guidelines recommend that the media center be located on the ground floor, be
single story, and convenient to all learning areas of the school. Minimum support areas include
offices, work/production rooms, conference rooms, periodical storage, audiovisual equipment storage,
and spaces for professional collections. State guidelines recommend that the media center's location
should not preclude future expansion of the facility. Orange County standards provide for 7,740 to
8,740 square feet for this function, depending on the design capacity of the high school.
3. Physical Education Standards
The State square footage guidelines for high school physical education facilities vary. Orange County
gymnasium standards include space for two play courts, spectator seating, dressing, and shower areas,
storage, and a lobby. Showers should be available for both physical education and athletic programs.
In addition to the main gymnasium, Orange County standards provide for an auxiliary gym of 6,500
square feet in the 1,500 student profile, in keeping with DPI recommendations to incorporate this
space for high schools with 1,200 or more students.
4. Administration Standards
The size of the Central Office will vary according to staffing. Partition construction should allow for
flexibility of recommended space. Orange County high school standards provide for a range of 2,200-
2,350 square feet for administration.
91
8
5. Student Support Areas Standards
The State provides space guidelines for smaller high schools with one guidance counselor. Larger
schools require additional counselor offices, and 3 or 5 offices are included in the 1,000 and 1,500
student Orange County high school profiles, respectively. The reception area may need to be
expanded to handle the number of students who may use catalogs and other materials in the guidance
center. Areas designated for other student services may house social workers, psychologists, or other
health professionals. Overall student support space ranges from 1,550 to 1,850 square feet.
6. Staff Support Areas Standards
DPI recommends combined or shared office and workspace areas for teachers. This provides for more
efficient and flexible use of offices and workspaces. Guidelines state that efficiency can be
significantly enhanced by providing teacher office /planning areas in an area separate from but near to
the classroom. By providing a separate space for planning, telephoning, and other work, classrooms
are available for all periods of the day. In addition, workspace should be provided for instructional,
lab, and clerical teacher assistants. One office /workspace per projected itinerant teacher plus an
appropriate number for volunteers and student teachers is recommended. One or more centralized
workroom(s) is /are recommended for copy machines, specialized computers, and other equipment and
supplies that are not typically located in teacher offices /workspaces. Faculty size and building layout
will determine the size and number of lounges. It is recommended that limited kitchenette facilities be
included in each lounge. Orange County standard profiles provide for a range from 4,760 to 8,433
square feet for staff support space, depending on the school's design capacity.
7. Cafeteria/Food Service Standards
The minimum guidelines for nutrition facilities are based on a traditional program that includes full -
service kitchen and seating to accommodate the entire student body in shifts. Dining room area may
be reduced for schools with open lunch policies, although this is not assumed in Orange County
standards. The dining area size is determined by dividing the number of participating children by the
number of seatings multiplied by the square footage per pupil (size = ADM / number of seatings x
square foot per pupil). For the Orange County standards, three seatings are assumed for the 1,000 -
student high school while four seatings are assumed for the 1,500- student school.
8. Commons /Circulation/Entries/Building Support Standards
This area includes corridors, stairs, school commons areas, entries, mechanical areas, and storage.
Corridors receive a high volume of traffic during class changes. Wide, generous corridors of 12 feet
significantly enhance safety and security. Commons, not corridors, should be designed as the social
center for students. Location and design of commons areas are more important than size. Bus rider
entries and automobile rider entries should receive equal attention. DPI square footage guidelines for
building support areas vary from school to school. For Orange County standards, a larger allowance
for circulation and building support is provided at the high school level than at the elementary (33 %)
or middle school (35 %) level. The high school profile allows 45% of other building square footage
for these functions.
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9
Cost per Square Foot
$110 per square foot for construction is the 1998 assumed cost of high school construction. Prevailing
market factors, inflationary impacts, and the use of alternative design such as the unitary systems
approach should be factored in, as appropriate for future high school planning.
Other Facility Considerations
1. Technology Infrastructure
The State Department of Public Instruction encourages school systems to install up -to -date technology
infrastructure for use by all students, faculty, and staff. When funds are not available for the
installation of complete systems, the State recommends that school systems provide empty conduits
and cable trays. In addition, space should also be allocated for local and wide area networks, file
servers and other equipment. Wiring closets may be replaced with fiber -optic cable. This may be a
more cost efficient manner to provide connectivity.
For planning purposes, the Department of Public Instruction suggests a cost allowance for technology
infrastructure of $8.25 per building square footage. This is consistent with the construction standards
adopted for elementary and middle schools in Orange County.
2. Energy Efficiencies
During the planning process, special attention should be given to creating fiscally sound energy
efficiencies. Ways to achieve this include:
• Choosing efficient lighting systems and energy management controls,
• Considering solar orientation, earth integration, and plantings and landscaping in
siting the facility,
• Selecting energy efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems; and
• Exploring solar energy including day lighting and passive solar heating.
Life cycle cost analyses should be used when choosing energy systems. Appendix D provides further
detail as presented by the County Engineer to the High School Construction Standards Task Force.
3. Materials
Construction materials should be selected based on low maintenance and high durability. The
presumed life cycle of each new high school is a minimum of fifty years.
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10
High School Construction Standards Appendix A
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,000 Student Capacity)
1000 student cap acity
Square
Foota a
Total Square
Ft
From
To
# rooms
From
To
Classrooms
Regular classroom with 5 computers
850
950
22
18,700
20,900
Science Labs, Prep and Storage
Physical Science
1,200
1,200
1
1,200
1,200
Biology
1,200
1,200
2
2,400
2,400
Physics
1,200
1,200
1
1,200
1,200
Earth Science
1,400
1,400
1
1,400
1,400
Chemistry
1,500
1,500
1
1,500
1,500
Stora e/Prep Rooms (Biology, Chemistry, Physics)
250 1per
2 labs 1
21
500
500
Remediation & resource labs
450
450
1
450
450
Exceptional Children
Exceptional Children Self- Contained (8 to 12 student cap
800
1,200
1
800
1,200
Exce tional Education Resource Room (for rou s up to
450
450
1
450
450
Arts Education
Instrumental Classroom w/ lockers
1,800 2,100
1
1,800
2,100
Vocal Classroom
1,000 1,500
1
1,000
1,500
Instrument storage room
400 600
1
400
600
Music Library
200 200
1
200
200
Instrument Repair
150 150
1
150
150
Office (each)
150 150
1
150
150
Uniform Storage
400 600
1
400
600
Practice Room
55 60
1
55
60
Ensemble Practice Room
150 200
1
150
200
Visual Arts Classroom
1,200 1,500
1
1,200
1,500
Kiln/Clay Storage
40 60
1
40
60
Art Material Storage
80 150
1
80
150
Theater Arts Classroom
1,800 2,000
1
1,800
2,0 CC
Theater Arts Auditorium
8 /seat; capacity 1/3
to 1/2 ADM
333 to 500 seats
2,667
4,000
Stage, Storage & Dressing Rooms
3,000 5,000
1
3,000
5,000
Light, Lock Vestibule, Lobby, Concession
800 2,000
1
800
2,000
Dance Classroom (including storage)
1,800 2,000
1 11
1,800
1 2,000
' High School Construction Standards Appendix A
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,000 Student Capacity
11
1000 student cap acity
Square
Foota e
Total S
uare Ft
From
To
# rooms
From
To
Workforce Development
Agricultural Education
2,500
3,000
1
2,500
3,000
Business Education
1,200
1,400
1
1,200
1,400
Family and Consumer Sciences Education
1,400
2,000
1
1,400
2,000
Health Occupations
2,000
2,500
1
2,000
2,500
Marketing Education (including store)
1,500
2,000
1
1,500
2,000
Technology Education
1,300
2,200
1
1,300
2,200
Trade and Industrial Education
850 1
3,000
1
850 1
3,000
Media Center
Main Room
5 sq ft per ADM
1
5,000
5,000
Support Areas
2,000 2,000
1
2,000
2,000
Video Studio
400 400
1
400
400
Control /Editing
260 260
1
260
260
E ui ment Storage
80 80
1
80
80
Physcial Education
Gymnasium Play Area
2 play courts
62 x 100 court
12,400
12,400
Spectator Seating
400 per 500 per
100 seats 100 seats
4,000
5,000
Gymnasium Dressing, Shower, Storage, Lobby
3,000
3,000
Wrestling (competitive)
3,000 3,000
1
3,000
3,000
Resistive Exercise (weight lifting)
2,000 3,000
1
2,000
3,000
Auxilli Gymnasium
recommended for high
schools with 1,200
or more
students
Administration
Principal's Office
200
200
1
200
200
Assistant Principal (each)
150
150
2
300
300
Reception Area
400
400
1
400
400
Secretary
150
150
2
300
300
SIMS 9 -12
200
200
1
200
200
Other Student Services
200
200
1
200
200
Workroom/Storage
200
200
1
200
200
Conference Room
200
200
1
200
200
Record Storage
100
100
1
100
100
General Storage
100
1 100
1 11
100
1 100
High School Construction Standards Appendix A 12
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,000 Student Capacity)
1 ota6 ,,quare Meet per Student 151 183
1000 student cap aci
Square
Foota e
Total S
uare Ft
From
To
From
To
# rooms
Student Support Areas
Guidance
300
300
1
300
300
Reception /Career Center
400
400
1
400
400
Counselor Office
150
150
3
450
450
Other Student Services
200
200
1
200
200
Health Room & Toilet
200
1 200
1
200
200
Staff Support Areas
Group Teacher Office /Planning (per teacher)
80
100
45
3,600
4,500
Special Assistant /Itinerant Teacher Office /Workspace (per t
80
100
7
560
700
Workroom
300
800
1
300
800
Loun e
1 300
1,333
1
300
1,333
Cafeteria /Food Service
Dining Room Seating Area (square feet per pupil) assumes 3
seatings
14
20
333
4,667
6,667
Serving (20% - 25% of dining area)
933
1,667
Kitchen (assumes 1,500 lunches served for 1,000 capacity)
1 2,880
2,880
1
2,880
2,880
Total Assigned Space
104,172
126,007
Commons/Circulation/Entries/Building Support 45%
46,877
56,703 1
1
46,877
56,703
Total Building Area
151,049
182,710
1 ota6 ,,quare Meet per Student 151 183
' High School Construction Standards Appendix B
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,500 Student Capacity)
13
1500 student cap acity
Square
Foota e
Total Square
Ft
From
To
# rooms
From
To
Classrooms
Regular classroom with 5 computers
850
950
1 40
33,575
37,525
Science Labs, Prep and Storage
Physical Science
1,200
1,200
3
3,000
3,000
Biology
1,200
1,200
4
4,200
4,200
Physics
1,200
1,200
1
1,200
1,200
Earth Science
1,400
1,400
1
1,400
1,400
Chemistry
1,500
1,500
3
3,750
3,750
Stora e/Prep Rooms (Biology, Chemistry, Physics)
250 1per
2 labs
1 41
875 1
875
Remediation & resource labs
450
450
4
1,800
1,800
Exceptional Children
Exceptional Children Self - Contained (8 to 12 student cap
800
1,200
2
1,600
2,400
Exce tional Education Resource Room for groups up to
1 450
4501
2
900
1 900
Arts Education
Instrumental Classroom w/ lockers
1,800 2,100
1
1,800
2,100
Vocal Classroom
1,000 1,500
1
1,000
1,500
Instrument storage room
400 600
1
400
600
Music Library
200 200
1
200
200
Instrument Repair
150 150
1
150
150
Office (each)
150 150
1
150
150
Uniform Storage
400 600
1
400
600
Practice Room
55 60
1
55
60
Ensemble Practice Room
150 200
1
150
200
Visual Arts Classroom
1,200 1,500
1
1,200
1,500
Kiln /Clay Storage
40 60
1
40
60
Art Material Storage
80 150
1
80
150
Theater Arts Classroom
1,800 2,000
1
1,800
2,000
Theater Arts Auditorium
8 /seat; capacity 1/3
to 1/2 ADM
300 to 750 seats
4,000
6,000
Stage, Storage & Dressing Rooms
3,000 5,000
1
3,000
5,000
Light, Lock Vestibule, Lobby, Concession
800 2,000
1
800
2,000
Dance Classroom (including storage)
1,800 2,000
1 11
1,800
2,000
High School Construction Standards Appendix B
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,500 Student Capacity)
14
10
1500 student cap acity
Square
Foota e
Total S uare Ft
From
To
# rooms
From
To
Workforce Development
Agricultural Education
2,500
3,000
1
2,500
3,000
Business Education
1,200
1,400
1
1,200
1,400
Family and Consumer Sciences Education
1,400
2,000
1
1,400
2,000
Health Occupations
2,000
2,500
1
2,000
2,500
Marketing Education (including store)
1,500
2,000
1
1,500
2,000
Technology Education
1,300
2,200
1
1,300
2,200
Trade and Industrial Education
850
1 3,000
1
850
3,000
Media Center
Main Room
4 sq ft per
ADM
1
6,000
6,000
Support Areas
2,000
2,000
1
2,000
2,000
Video Studio
400
400
1
400
400
Control /Editing
260
260
1
260
260
E III ment Storage
80
80
1
80
80
Physcial Education
Gymnasium Play Area
2 play
courts
62 x 100 court
12,400
12,400
Spectator Seating
400 per
500 per
100 seats
100 seats
6,000
7,500
Gymnasium Dressing, Shower, Storage, Lobby
4,000
4,000
Wrestling (competitive)
3,000
3,000
1
3,000
3,000
Resistive Exercise (weight lifting)
2,000
3,000
1
2,000
3,000
Auxilliary Gymnasium
6,500 1
6,500
11
6,500
6,500
Administration
Principal's Office
200
200
1
200
200
Assistant Principal (each)
150
150
3
450
450
Reception Area
400
400
1
400
400
Secretary
150
150
2
300
300
SIMS 9 -12
200
200
1
200
200
Other Student Services
200
200
1
200
200
Workroom/Storage
200
200
1
200
200
Conference Room
200
200
1
200
200
Record Storage
100
100
1
100
100
General Storage
100 1
100 1
11
100 1
100
10
15
High School Construction Standards Appendix B
Space Allocation /Square Footage Assignments (1,500 Student Capacity)
Total Square Feet per Student
11
141 168
1500 student cap acity
Square
Foota e
Total Square
Ft
From
To
From
To
# rooms
Student Support Areas
Guidance
300
300
1
300
300
Reception/Career Center
400
400
1
400
400
Counselor Office
150
150
5
750
750
Other Student Services
200
200
1
200
200
Health Room & Toilet
200
200
1
200
200
Staff Support Areas
Group Teacher Office /Planning (per teacher)
80
100
45
3,600
4,500
Special Assistant /Itinerant Teacher Office /Workspace (per 1
80
100
10
800
1,000
Workroom
300
800
2
600
1,600
Lounge
300
1 1,333
1
300
1,333
Cafeteria /Food Service
Dining Room Seating Area (square feet per pupil) assumes 3
seatmgs
14
20
550
7,700
11,000
Serving (20% - 25% of dining area)
1,540
2,750
Kitchen (assumes 2,000 lunches served for 1,500 capacity)
4,398
4,398
1
4,398
4,398
Total Assigned Space
145,853
173,341
Commons/Circulation/Entries/Building Support 45%
65,634 1
78,004 1
65,634
78,004
Total Building Area
1211,487
1 251,345
Total Square Feet per Student
11
141 168
16
High School Construction Standards Appendix C
Estimated Cost of New High School
Student Capacity
Total Square Footage
1000
1500
Total S uare Ft
Total Square Ft
From
To
From
To
151,049
182,710
211,487
251,345
Construction Cost
Cost Per Square Foot
$110
$16,615,381
$20,098,063
$23,263,554
$27,647,943
Site Acquisition
Acres
40
50
45
60
Average Cost Per Acre
$30,000
$1,200,000
$1,500,000
$1,350,000
$1,800,000
Site Development
As a percentage of Construction
Cost
10%
$1,661,538
$2,009,806
$2,326,355
$2,764,794
Fees
As a percentage of Construction
Cost and Site Development
10%
$1,827,692
$2,210,787
$2,558,991
$3,041,274
Moveable Equipment
As a percentage of Construction
Cost
5%
$830,769
$1,004,903
$1,163,178
$1,382,397
Technology Cost Per Square foot $8.25 $1,246,154
(includes scaling and equipment for voice, video i and data distribution systems)
$1,507,355
$1,744,767
$2,073,596
Construction Contingency
As a percentage of Construction
Cost and Site Development
5%
$913,846
$1,105,393
$1,279,495
$1,520,637
Start-Up Costs
Non - personnel; one time start-up
costs
$399,927
$483,754
$559,946
$665,477
Total Estimated Cost
$24,695,346
$29,920,112 1
=$34,246,330
$40,896,177
12
Energy Efficiency in Public Schools 17
Appendix D
Overview
The following outline of technologies, strategies, tools, and issues does not present any new concepts for
school construction standards and financing policy makers. Rather, the emphasis here is to present those
concepts in a single simple document that indicates that creating fiscally sound energy efficiencies and
achieving real savings in energy and energy technology expenditures are a matter of planning and balance.
Energy Savings Tools and Strategies
• Energy Efficient Lighting - efficient lighting types (fluorescent, metal halide, high pressure
and Lighting Design sodium), proper lighting levels, lighting controls (occupancy sensors,
level controls, etc.), task lighting, multi-stage lighting, etc.
• Energy Management Controls - Thermostats, HVAC setback controls, etc.
• Siting. - solar orientation, earth integration, plantings/landscaping
• Energy Efficient Heating, Ventilation - High efficiency motors, fuel selection, system design,
and Air Conditioning zoning, thermal storage, heat reuse natural convection
• Building Shell - color, thermal mass, insulation, location of windows, window glazing (diffusion,
high transmittance, etc.) interior and exterior reflectance, ceiling height
• Solar Energy - daylighting and passive solar heating
Important terms and concepts for developing energy savings strategies
_ - Electrical Energy-cost components - Peak demand charge, time of day rates, usage costs
• Energy use goal - The lowest target for or limit of a building's energy use (in British Thermal -
Units [BTU's] per square foot per year)
=> Town of Chapel Kill Energy Ordinance sets goal at-30% less than NC State
Building Code requirements
US Department of Energy Building Energy Performance - Standards range
from 3 6, 000 BTU's per square foot per year for elementary schools to 5 0, 000
BTU's per square foot per year for high school gymnasiums
• Energy use budget - The upper limit of building's energy use in BTU's per square foot per year
• Life cycle cost analysis - The annualized cost of installing or constructing, operating and
maintaining any component or feature of building over its useful life or
some portion thereof deemed appropriate in analysis
13