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HomeMy WebLinkAboutP-0350 - Citizens Access To Public Records 04-19-1988-5.' ~ ~ ' ~ • • POLICY FOR INSERTION INTO THE POLICY MANUAL MEETING DATE: April 19, 1988 EFFECTIVE DATE: A ril 19, 1988 NUMBER' P•0350 REVISIONS: Policy 0420 POLICY' CITIZEN ACCESS TO PUBLIC RECORDS That all copies of documents generated by and for the County to include all major reports, surveys and studies; copies of which will be retained in the County Commissioners meeting room of the administrative building. These copies may be checked out of the Board of County Commissioners office and read on site. If copies are requested by the public of any documentation, such copies will be made available within three working days of the request. At present there are no charges for copies made for the public. The Manager is having the Director of Purchasing and Central Services determine the practices of other local governments in our surrounding area and we will recommend a schedule of fees at a later meeting in May. T ..~' ~~ '~..r 1 ~PP~,OVED MAY 2. 1988 MINUTES ORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS REGULAR MEETING APRIL 19, 1988 The orange County Board of Commissioners met in regular session on Tuesday, April i9, 1988 in the courtroom of the old Post Office, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. BOARD MEMBERS PRESENT: Chair Shirley E. Marshall and Commissioners Moses Carey, Jr., Stephen Halkiotis, John Hartwell and Don Wfllhoit. ATTORNEY PRESENT: Geoffrey Gledhill. STAFF PRESENT: County Manager John M. Link, Jr., Assistant County Managers William T. Laws and Albert Kittrell, Planner Gene Bell, Recreation and Parks Director Mary Anne Black, Clerk to the Board -Beverly A. Blythe, Planning Director Marvin Collins, Director of Housing and Community Development Tara Fikes, Finance Director Ellen Liston, and Tax Assessor Kermit Lloyd. A. BOARD AND MANAGERS COMMENTS Chair Marshall added to the agenda two proclamations under that category. County Manager John M. Link added to the agenda as G8 a discussion on the proposed agreement between oWASA and Chatham County. He deleted from the Consent Agenda F1 - Board of Elections Tabulators and F5 Health Yourself Policy Statement. • B. PUBLIC COMMENTS 1. MATTERS ON THE ~~tINTED AGENDA None 2. MATTfiRB NOT ON THE PRINTED AGENDA None C. ES Motion was made by Commissioner Hartwell, seconded by Coaauaissioner Carey to approve the March 15, 1988 minutes as corrected. VOTE: UNANIMOUS. Motion was made by Commissioner Hartwell, s®conded by Commissioner Haikiotis to approve the mimttes far April 4, 1988 as corrected. VOTE: UNANIMOUS. Chair Shirley E. Marshall read the public charge. PUBLIC HEARING ** AND LAN Recreation and Parks Director Mary Anna Black made the presentation. She seated that the Board of Commissioners voted on March 15 to delete the greenways element of the Plan. The other three elements are being presented at this time for public comments. She presented a elide presentation which gave an overview of the process that was followed in developing the Plan. she used two maps to explain the differences between district parks and t • .. f 6 was approved by the Planning Board February 1, 1988. Commissioner Willhoit expressed a problem with accepting such a small The issue of what is meant by greenways need to be addressed. Chair Marshall stated that the procedure for accepting parcels of land is provided far in the Joint Land Use Plan. Concerns have been expressed about the area around Neville and Phils Cresk and she suggested that this Article in the Joint Land Use Plan be reviewed. She suggested that this small parcel could be used as a conservation sassement. Mary Anne Black explained that in the Land use Pian that for areas designated for recreation and/or open space required through the subdivision ordinance that no site sapecific planning had been done for those properties and it was the intent of the Land Use Plan to indicate potential areas for development or nondevelopment depending on the sensitivity of the property. Commissioner Willhoit noted that the stream buffer will protect the streams and if this property is part of the stream buffer, it would not be logical to have it in county ownership. Ha indicated there should be a minimum parcel size before the County accepts a parcel of land. The Board agreed that they would accept this parcel in accordance with the ordinance and asked that the ordinance be reviewed for amendments. Marvin Collins explained the intent of the ordinance with respect to the greenways system of trails. Motion was made by commissioner Hartwell, .seconded by Commissioner galkiatis to accept the 7,023 sq. ft. of land dedicated to Orange County. VOTE: UNANIMOUS. 4. JOINT PLANNING AREA PUBLIC HEARING The Board discussed the rescheduling of the April 13 Joint Planning Area Public Hearing that was canceled. It was decided that two passible dates would be checked with elected officials from Chapel Hill and Carrboro and considered at the next meeting. '~' 5. PUBLIC 12ECORDS y -" f 9~ ~~ Motion was made by Commissioner Halkiotis, seconded by Commissioner Hartwell to approve the following policy as recommended by the County Managers (1) That all copies of documents generated by and for the County to include all mayor reports, surveys and studies. Copies of such material will be retained in the County Commissioners meeting room of the administrative building. Thee~e copies may be checked out of Board of County Commissioners office and read on site. (2) If copies are requested by the public of any documentation such copies will be made available within three working days of the request. VOTE: UNANIMOUS. b . EI+iERGENCY SHELTER GRANT Tara Fikes: explained that the grants will bs awarded to local governments to help improve the quality and avnilability of emergency shelters and serviceB for the homeless in their communities. Inter-Faith Council hoe agreed to provide the matching resources necessary. The application will request $5,000 which is the maximum allowable. Motion was pads by Commissioner Hartwell, seconded by Commissioner Halkiotis to authorize the submission of an Emergency Shelter Grant application and authorize the Chair to sign the Application an behalf of the Board. VOTE: UNANIMOUS. • ORANGE COUNTY y HILLSBOROUGH NORTH CAROLINA arecu~e¢ ~s (~ieE MEMORANDUM T0: All Department Heads FROM: John M. Link DATE: April 22, 19$$ RE: CITIZEN ACCESS TO PUBLIC RECORDS ~stari~is~~ 1 X52 The Board of Commissioners on April 19 approved a procedure to be followed for providing access to public documents. I have attached a copy of the agenda item and attachments for you to read. Please send to the Board of Commissioners' Office copies of any major,. reports, surveys or studies that were generated by and for the County. These will be catalogued and retained in the Board of Commissioners conference/library room for the public to check out and read. on site. There is available from the Institute of Government for department heads to purchase a new publication entitled "Interpreting North Carolina's Public Records Law" written by David M. Lawrence. Please let my office know if you have any specific questions. Thank you. ,~ 062 ORANGE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Action Ag nda Item No. ~~ ACTION AGENDA ITEM ABSTRACT Meeting Date: APRIL 19, 1988 SUBJECT: PUBLIC RECORDS DEPARTMENT: COUNTY MANAGER PUBLIC HEARING: Yes X No ATTACHMENT(S):. INFORMATION CONTACT: MANAGER'S OFFICE,X501 GEl`iERAL STATUTES REFERRING TO TELEPHONE NUMBER: PUBLIC RECORDS Hillsborough - 732-8181 Chapel Hill - 968-4501 Mebane - 227-2031 Durham - 688-7331 PURPOSE: To provide Board with preliminary report on Manager's proposed approach in providing access to public documents provided by and for Orange County. • BACKGROUND: North Carolina General Statute Section 132-1 defines public records as meaning all "documents,-papers, letters, maps, books, photographs, films, sound recordings, electronic data processing records, artifacts, or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, made or received pursuant to law or ordinance in connection with the transaction of public business by any agency in North Carolina government or its subdivisions." Public records do not include written communications and copies of .those communica- tions "made within the scope of the attorney-client relation- ship by any attorney-at-law serving the governmental body concerning any claim against, or on behalf of the County, or concerning the prosecution, defense, settlement or litigation of any judicial action, or any administrative or other type of proceeding to which the County is a party, or by which it is or may be directly affected." In addition to the accessibility referenced above, privileged information personnel files of employees, former employees or applicants for employment to the extent of the privilege • should not be disclosed. N. C. General Statute 153A-98 covers the employee personnel records exception to the general rule that all County documents are public records. os RECOMMENDATION(S) : ,~••``'''~a Manager makes the following preliminary recommendations: 1) That all copies of documents generated by and for the County to include all major reports, surveys and studies. Copies of which will be retained in the County Commis= sinners meeting room of the administrative building. These copies may be checked out of Board of County Commis- sioners office and read on site. 2) If copies are requested by the public of any documentation such copies will be made available within three working days of the request. At present there are no charges for copies made for the public. The Manager is having the Director of Purchasing and Central Services determine the practices of other local governments in our surrounding area and we will recommend on any schedule of fees at a later meeting in May. • • ~' .986 forth gular ~'`' . 395. p. 83. i ~~ y i .t ..i r ' a i -,~ ~~ :'1 i`~s -.~ ,, 132-1 CH. l3'l. PUBLIC RECORDS Chapter 132, Public Records. Q 6 ~ ~ 132-1 sec. sec. 132.1. "Public records" defined. 132-8. Assistance by and to Depart- 132.1.1. Confidential communications ment of Cultural Re- by legal counsel to public board or agency; not public sources. records. 132-8.1. Records management program 132-2. Custodian designated. administered by Depart- 132.3. Destruction of records regu- ment of Cultural Re- lated. sources; establishment of 132-4. Disposition of records at end of standards, procedures, etc.; Q official's term. ~ surveys. 132.5. Demanding custody. 132-~.2. Selection and preservation of 132-5.1. Regaining custody; civil reme- records considered eseen- dies. tial; makin or deai 132.6. Inspection and examination of B gnation records, of preservation duplicates; - 132.7. Keeping records in safe places; force and effect of dupli- copying or repairing; certi- cafes or copies thereof. Pied copies. 132-9. Access to records. $ 132-1. "Public records" defined. "Public record" or "public records" shall mean all documents, papers, letters, maps, books, photographs, films, sound recordings, magnetic or other tapes, electronic data-processing records, arti- facts, or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, made or received pursuant to law or ordi~iance in connection with the transaction of public business by any agency of North Carolina government or its subdivisions. Agency of North Carolina government or its stddivisions shall mean and include every public office, public officer or official (State or local, elected or appointed), institution, board, commission, bureau, council, depart- ment, authority or other unit of government of the State or of any county, unit, special district or other political subdivision of govern- ment. (1935, c. 265, s. 1; 1975, c. 787, s. 1.) • Local ModiScation. -- Henderson: 1985 fReg. Sess., 1986), c. 962, s. 1; Clay, Durham, Graham, Jackson, Macon, Polk, Transylvania: 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 969; McDowell: 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986),. c. 892, s. 1; Swain: 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 923, s. 1. (as to Chapter 132) city of Durham: 1985, c. ?27. Cross References. -- As to records of education agencies, see 6 115C-3. Legal Periodicals. -For comment on public access to government-field records, see 55 N.C.L. Rev. 1187 (1977). For a note on the public's access to public records, see 60 N.C.L. Rev. 853 (1982). For survey of 1981 administrative law, see 60 N.C.L. Rev. 1165 (1982). CASE NOTES i Chapter Contemplates Disclosure as Well as Storage. - A presumed leg- islative intent to mandate the extensive preservation of public records prescribed by this Chapter, with storage at public expense, but to which the public is de- nied access, is untenable. Preservation for its own sake, absent access, would be 1 os 13`Z-1 CH. 132. PUBLIC RECORDS ~ § 13`l-1 un absurdity. Advance I'ublica(ions, Inc. c. City of Elizabeth City, 53 N.C. App. ~i04, '?81 S.E.'ld 69 119ri I ). The phrase "pursuant to law or or- dinance in cunnection with the transaction of public business" should include, in addition to those records required by law, those records that are kept in carrying out lawful du- ties. News & Observer Publishing Co. v. Wake County Hosp. Sys., 55 N.C. App. 1, 284 S.E.2d 542 11981), cert. denied, 305 N.C. 302, 291 S.E.2d 151, appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 459 U.S. 803, 103 S. Ct. 26, 74 L. Ed. 2d 42 (1982). "Agency of North Carolina govern- ment or its subdivisions". - The phrase "agency of North Carolina gov- ernment or its subdivisions" in this sec- tion need be construed only upon the plain meaning of this section and in the context of the public records statutes. News & Observer Publishing Co. v. Wake County Hosp. Sys., 55 N.C. App. 1, 284 S.E.2d 542 (19811, cert. denied, 305 N.C. 302, 291 S.E.2d 151, appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 489 U.S. 803, 103 S. Ct. 26, 74 L. Ed. 2d 42 (198') i. Wake County Hospital System is an agency of the county under the North Carolina public records statutes. News & Observer Publishing Co. v. Wake County Hosp. Sys., 55 N.C. App. 1, 284 S.E.2d 542 (1981), cert. denied, 305 N.C. 302, 291 S.E.2d 151, appeal dismissed and cert. denied, 459 U.S. 803, 103 S. Ct. 26, 74 L. Ed. id 42 (1982). By virtue of the definitions in ?;~~' 143-318.10(b) and 159.39;a), the Wake County Hospital System is a "pub- lic body" that must, by law, record set- llemenl terrtis considered in executive. sessions. The public has the right to know the terms of seltlements made by the system in actions for wrongful ter- minations of its agreements, since the funds from which the seltlements were paid must be considered the county's funds. News & Observer Publishing Co. v. Wake County Hoap. Sys., 55 N.C. App. 1, 284 S.E.2d 542 (1981), cert. de- nied,305 N.C. 302,291 S.E.2d 151,ap- peal dismissed and cert. denied, 459 U.S. 803, 103 S. Ct. 26, 74 L. Ed. 2d 42 (1982). S.B.I. records arq, not public records and access to them is not avail- able under the Public Recgrds Act. Ac- cess to S.B.I. records is controlled en- tirely by ~ 114-15. News & Observer Publishing Co. v. State ex rel. Starling, 312 N.C. 276, 322 S.E.2d 133 (1984). Letter from Engineer Consulting for City. - A letter received by the manager of defendant-city from a con- sulting engineer whom defendant-city employed to inspect construction work on additions and modifications to its water treatment plant is a public record subject to disclosure. Advance Publica- tions, lnc. v. City of Elizabeth City, 53 N.C. App. 504, 281 S.E.2d 69 (1981). Cited in State v. Bellar, 16 N.C. App. 339, 192 S.E.2d 86 (1972); Carnahan v. Reed, 53 N.C. App. 589, 281 S.E.2d 408 (1981); Housing Auth. v. Montgomery, 55 N.C. App. 422y286 S.E.2d 114 (1982); North Carolina State Bd. of Registration for Professional Eng'rs & land Sur- veyors v. FTC, 615 F. Supp. 1155 (E.D.N.C. 1985). OPINIONS OF ATTORNEY GENERAL Police Arrest and Disposition Records Subject to Public =:xamina- tion. -See opinion of Attorney General to Mr. Samuel M. Moore, 41 N.C.A.G. 40? ~ 1971). Textbook Lists of State Universi- ties Are Public Records. -See opin- ion of Attorney General to Mr. J.D. Wright, North Carolina State [Jniver- sity at Raleigh, 41 N.C.A.G. 199 X1971). Applications for Licensure as Speech and Language Pathologists and Audiologists Are Public Records. -See opinion of Attorney General to Mariana Newton, Phd., Chairman, Board of Examiners for Speech and Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 45 N.C.A.G. 188 11976). Municipal Records. and Papers, Such as Budgets, Bank Statements, Tax Levies, Utility Accounts, Min- utes of Meetings, etc., Are Public Records. -See opinion of Attorney General to Honorable R.L. Davis, 43 N.C.A.G. 274 (1973). Sheriff a department investigative reports and memoranda concerning investigation o[ crimes are not pub- lic records within the sense of Chapter. 132 and are not thereby subject to public inspection. Opinion of Attorney General to Honorable J. Hubert Haynes, 44 N.C.A.G. 340 (1975). Copies of Forms Maintained by Law Enforcement Officers Are Not Public Records. -The copy of Corm HP-332 (affidavit form) maintained by the arresting officer which is completed .~• a~• ~~ he are yia ;o. C. ie- 3p- s. 42 ritic 3il- tn• ver ng, 4). ing the :on- city pork its :ord ica- 53 ~1). app. n v. 408 :ery, ~~,~., ;~Iin- ~blic +rney ;, 43 alive nine pub• apter public Herat 3. 44 3 by Not form ed by Meted ~, • i 1 i I • ~~ • • 132-1.1 CH. 132. PUB1.lC RECt)RUS O ~ ~ ~ 132-1.1 when a person refuses to take a chemical test to determine alcoholic content of the blood is not a public record and subject to inspection. See opinion oC Attorney General to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secretary. Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The copy of HP-332A (rights of person requested to take chemical test to deter- mine alcoholic content of blood), main- tained by arresting officer is not a public record and subject to inspection. See opinion of Attorney General to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secretary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The copy of the alcohol influence re- port (HP-327) which is maintained by the arresting officer and the copy of which is maintained at troop headquar- ters is not a public record and subject to inspection. See opinion of Attorney Gen- eral to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secre- tary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The departmental copy of the N.C. un- iform traffic ticket and complaint, which is submitted by a highway patrolman to the district first sergeant who transmits it to the Traffic Record Section of the Division of Motor Vehicles, is not a pub- lic rernrd and subject to inspection dur- ing the time it is maintained at the pa- troldistrict headquarters. See opinion of Attorney General to Barbara Smith, As-~ sistant Secretary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (19781. The enforcement division copy of the N.C. uniform trntlic ticket and cu:n• plaint, ~chich is maintained by the offi- cer issuing the complaint and includr= his notes and other evidence, i~ not a public record and subject to inspection prior to trial of the offense charged in the complaint. See opinion oC Attorney General to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secretary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safely, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The enforcement division copy of the N.C. uniform traffic ticket and com- pl~int is not a public record and subject to ins~tion in the patrol district head- quart rs after the trial oC the offense charged in the complaint. See opinion of Attorney General to Barbara Smith, As- sistant Secretary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The chemical test operator's log (DHS-2069) is not a public record and subject to inspection while in the posses- sion of the chemical test operator. See opinion of Attorney General to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secretary, Department . of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (1978). The breathalyzer operational check- list (DHS-2012) which is completed and maintained by the breathalyzer operator is not a public record and subject to in- spection. See opinion of Attorney Gen- era! to Barbara Smith, Assistant Secre- tary, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, 48 N.C.A.G. 63 (19781. § 132-1.1. Confidential communications by legal counsel to public .board or agency; not public records. Public records, as defined in G.S. 132-1, shall not include written communications (and copies thereof') to any public board, council, commission or other governmental body of the State or of any county, municipality or other political subdivision or unit of gov- ernment, made within the scope of the attorney-client relationship by any attorney-at-law serving any such governmental body, con- cerning any claim against or on behalf of the governmental body or the governmental entity for which such body acts, or concerning the prosecution, defense, settlement or litigation of any judicial action, or any administrative or other type of proceeding to which the gov- ernmental body is a party or by which it is or may be directly affected. Such written communication and copies thereof shall not be open to public inspection, examination or copying unless specifi- cally made public by the governmental body receiving such written communications; provided, however, that such written communica- ~~.~:~ 06~ 132-2 CH. 132. PUHLIC RECORDS § 132-4 tions and copies thereof shall become public records as defined in G.S. 132-1 three years from the date such communication was re- ceived by such public board, council, commission or other govern- mental body. (1975, c. 662J Legal Periodicals. -For survey of 1981 administrative law, see 60 N.C.L. Rev. 1165 (1982). CASE NoTEs F,x. ,~ ~. r• •4~. Cited in News & Observer Publishing Co. v. Wake County Hap. Sys., 55 N.C. .. App. 1, 284 S.E.2d 542 (1981). t, § .232-2. Custodian designated. The public official in charge of an office having public records shall be the custodian thereof. (1935, c. 265, s. 2.) § 132-3. Destruction of records regulated. No public official may destroy, sell, loan, or otherwise dispose of any public record, except in accordance with G.S. 121-5, without the consent of the Department of Cultural Resources. Whoever unlaw- fully removes a public record from the office where it is usually kept, or alters, defaces, mutilates yr destroys it shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction fined not less than ten dollars ($10.00) nor more than five hundred dollars ($500.00). (1935, c. 265, s. 3; .1943, c. 237;1953, c. 675, s. 17; 1957, c. 330, .2;1973, c. 476, s. 48.) Cross References. -For section fur- ther regulating destruction of records, see 3 121-5. CASE NOTES Applied in State v. West, 31 N.C. Cited in State v.l3ellar, 16 N.C. App. App. 431, 229 S.E.2d 826 (1976); State v. 339, 192 S.E.2d 86 (1972). Caldwell, 53 N.C. App. 1, 279 S.E.2d 852 11981). § 132-4. Disposition of records at end of off'icial's term. Whoever has the custody of any public records shall, at the expi- ration of his term of office, deliver to his successor, or, if there be none, to the Department of Cultural Resources, all records, books, writings,, letters and documents kept or received by him in the transaction of his official business; and any such person who shall refuse or neglect for the space of 10 days after request made in writing by any citizen of the State to deliver as herein required such public records to the person authorized to receive them shall 4 ,., - •-.: ~ ., obi 132-5 CN. 132. PUBLIC RECI)Itl)S ~ 132-5.1 • • be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction imprisoned for a term not exceeding two years or fined not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or both. (1935, c. 265, s. 4; 1943, c. 237; 1973, c. 476, s. 48; 1975, c. 696, s. 1.) § 132-5. Demanding custody. Whoever is entitled to the. custody of public records shall demand them from any person having illegal possession of them, who shall forthwith deliver the same to him. If the person who unlawfully possesses public records shall without just cause refuse or neglect for 10 days after a request made in writing by any citizen of the • • State to deliver such records to their lawful custodian, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction imprisoned for a term not exceeding two years or fined not exrceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or both. (1935, c. 265, s. 5; 1975, c. 696, s. 2.) § 132-5.1. Regaining custody; civil remedies. (a) The Secretary of the Department of Cultural Resources or his designated representative or any public official who is the custo- dian of public records which are in the possession of a person or agency not authorized by the custodian or by law to possess such public records may petition the superior court in the county in which the person holding such records resides or in which the mate- rials in issue, or any part thereof, are located for the return of such public records. The court may order such public records to be deliv- ered to the petitioner upon finding that the materials in issue are public records and that such public records are in the possession of a person not authorized by the custodian of the public records or by law to possess such public records. If the order of delivery does not receive compliance, the petitioner may request that the court en- force such order through its contempt power and procedures. (b) At any time after the filing of the petition set out in subsec- tion (a) or contemporaneous with such filing, the public official seeking the return of the public records may by ex pane petition request the judge or the court in which the action was filed to grant one of the following provisional remedies: (1) An order directed at the sheriff commanding him to seize the materials which are the subject of the action and de- . • liver the same to the court under the circumstances herein- after set forth; or (2) A preliminary injunction preventing the sale, removal, dis- posal or destruction of or damage to such public records pending a final judgment by the court. (c) The judge or court aforesaid shall issue an order of seizure or grant a preliminary injunction upon receipt of an affidavit from the petitioner which alleges that the materials at issue are public records and that unless one of said provisional remedies is granted, there is a danger that such materials shall be sold, secreted, re- . moved out of the State or otherwise disposed of so as not to be forthcoming to answer the final judgment of the court respecting . the same; or that such property may be destroyed or materially damaged or injured if not seized or if injunctive relief is not i granted. • 5 a6~ 131-6 cli. 132. rusLlc llt•.coxvs ~ 132-7 id) The aforementioned order of seizure or preliminary injunc- tion shall issue without notice to the respondent and without the posting of any bond or other security by the petitioner. (1975, c. 787, s. 2.) CASE NOTES Public records and documents are the property of the State and not of the individual who happens, at the moment, to have them in his posses- sion; and when they are deposited in the place designated for them by law, there they must remain, and can be removed only under authority of an act of the leg- islature and in the manner and for the purpose designated by law. State v. Nest, 31 N.C. App. 431, 229 S.E.2d 826 (1976), affd, 293 N.C..18, 235 S.E.2d 150 (1977). Since ownership of bills of indict- ment is in the State, it cannot be dis- posed of except as provided by law. It cannot be forfeited through the over- sight, carelessness or even intentional conduct of any of the agents of the State. Thus, the documents in question left the custody of the court in an unlawful man- ner and legal title thereto cannot pass to the individual who happena;~ at the moment, to have them in his possession. State v. West, 31 N.C. App. 431,.229 S.E.2d 826 (1976), affd, 293 N.C. 18, 235 S.E.2d 150 (197?}. § .132-6. Inspection and examination of records. Every person having custody of public records shall permit them to be inspected and examined at reasonable times and under his supervision by any person, and he shall furnish certified copies thereof on payment of fees as prescribed by law. (1935, c. 265, s. 6.) Local Modification. -New Hano- ver: 1981, c. 960; city of Gastonia: 1985 Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 902, s. 8. Legal Periodicals. -For comment on public access to government-held records, see 55 N.C.L. Rev. 1187 (1977). CASE NOTES "Any Person" Includes Corpora- tion. -The General Assembly did not intend to exclude corporate entities from the scope of the phrase "any person" in For a note on the public's access to public records, see 60 N.C.L. Rev. 853 (1982). ~. this section. Advance Publications, Inc. v. City of Elizabeth City, 53 N.C. App. 504, 281 S.E.2d 69 (1981). § 132-7. Keeping records in safe places; copying or repairing; certified copies. Insofar as possible, custodians of public records shall keep them in fireproof safes, vaults, or rooms fitted with noncombustible mate- rials and in such arrangement as to be easily accessible for conve- nient use. All public records should be kept in the buildings in which they are ordinarily used. Record books should be copied or re~aired, renovated or rebound if worn, mutilated, damaged or diffi- cu.t to read. Whenever any State, county, or municipal records are in need of repair, restoration, or rebinding, the head of such State agency, department, board, or commission, the board of county com- missioners of such county, or the governing body of such municipal- ity may authorize that the records in need of repair, restoration, or 6 •i t N l ~ ~t -.. •.1~: ... ::7 dir sw~. wer- >nal ;ate. :the nsn- ss to the lion. 229 . 235 ~3. hern his spies ~. 6.) !ss to ~, 853 ~;, Inc. App. or them •nate- onve- gs in ed or diffi- s are Mate com- cipal- on, or • LJ • o~~ 132-8 CH. 132. PUBLIC RECORDS § 132-6.1 rebinding be removed from the building or office in which such records are ordinarily kept, for the length of time required to repair, restore, or rebind them. Any public official who causes a record book to be copied shall attest it and shall certify on oath that it is an accurate copy of the original book. The copy shall then ha~•e the force of the original. (1935, c. 265, s. 7; 1951, c. 294.? § 132-8. Assistance by and to Department of Cul- tural Resources. The Department of Cultural Resources shall have the right to examine into the condition of public records and shall give advice • and assistance to public officials in the solution of their problems of preserving, filing and making available the public records in their custody. When requested by the Department of Cultural Resources, public officials shall assist the Department in the preparation of an inclusive inventory of records in their custody, to which shall be - attached a schedule, approved by the head of the governmental unit or agency having custody of the records and the Secretary of Cul- tural Resources, establishing a time period for the retention or dis- posal of each series of records. Upon the completion of the inventory and schedule, the Department of Cultural Resources shall (subject to the availability of necessary space, staff, and other facilities for such purposes) make available space in its Records Center for the filing of semicurrent records so scheduled and in its archives for noncurrent records of permanent value, and shall render such other assistance as needed, including the microfilming o~ records so scheduled. (1935, c. 265, s. 8; 1943, c. 237; 1959, c. 68, s. 2; 1973, c. 476, s. 48.) • • ;~ § 132-8.1. Records management program adminis- tered by Department of Cultural Re- sources; establishment of standards, procedures, etc.; surveys. A records management program for the application of efficient and economical management methods to the creation, utilization maintenance, retention, preservation, and disposal of officia~ records shall be administered by the Department of Cultural Re- sources. It shall be the duty of that Department, In cooperation with and with the approval of the Department of Administration, to establish standards, procedures, and techniques for effective man- agement of public records, to make continuing surveys of paper work operations, and to recommend improvements in current records management practices including the use of space, equip- ment, and suppplies employed in creating, maintainin ,and servic- ing records. It shall be the duty of the head of each Mate agenc}~ and the governing body of each county, municipality and other subdivision of government to cooperate with the Department of Cultural Resources in conducting surveys and to establish and maintain an active, continuing program for the economical and efficient management of the records of said agency, county, munici- pality, or other subdivision of government. (1961, c. 1041; 1973, c. 476, s. 48.? 071 132-8.2 CH. 132. PUBLIC RECORDS ~ 132.9 132-8.2. Selection and preservation of records considered essential; making or desig- nation of preservation duplicates; force and effect of duplicates or copies thereof. In cooperation with the head of each State agency and the gov- erning body of each county, municipality, and other subdivision of government, the Department of Cultural Resources shall establish and maintain a program for the selection and preservation of public records considered essential to the operation of government and to the protection of the rights and interests of persons, and,:within the limitations of funds available for the purpose, shall make Qr cause to be made preservation duplicates or designate as preservation duplicates existing copies of such essential public records. Preserva- tion duplicates shall be durable, accurate, complete and clear,'and such duplicates made by a photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro card, miniature photographic, or other process which accu- rately reproduces and forms a durable medium for so reproducing the original shall have the same force and effect for all purposes as the original record whether the original record is in existence or not. A transcript, exemplification, or certified copy of such preser- vation duplicate shall be deemed for all purposes to be a transcript, exemplification, or certified copy of the original record. Such preser- vation duplicates shall be preserved in the place and manner of safekeeping prescribed by the Department of Cultural Resources. (1961, c. 1041; 1973, c. 476, s. 48.) § 132-9. Access to records. 1. Any person who is denied access to public records for purposes of inspection, examination or copying may apply to the appropriate division of the General Court of Justice for an order compelling disclosure, and the court shall have jurisdiction to issue such or- ders. (1935, c. 265, s. 9; 1975, c. 787, s. 3.) Local Modification. -New Hano- ver: 1981, c. 960; city of Gastonia: 1985 )Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 902, s. 8. Legal Periodicals. -For comment on public access to government-held records, see 55 N.C.L. Rev. 1187 (1977). For survey of 1981 administrative law, see 60 N.C.L. Rev. 1165 (1982). CASE NOTES "Any Person" Includes Corpora- tion. -The General Assembly. did not intend to exclude corporate entities from the scope of the phrase "any person" in this section. Advance Publications, Inc. v. City of Elizabeth City, 53 N.C. App. 504,. 281 S.E.2d 69 (1981). 8 Cited in Carnahan v. Reed, 53 N.C. App. 589, 281 S.E.2d 408 (1981); Hous- ing Auth. v. Montgomery, 55 N.C. App. 422, 286 S.E.2d 114 (1982); North Cara Tina State Bd. of Registration for Profes- sional Eng'rs & Land Surveyors v. FTC, 615 F. Supp. 1155 (E.D.N.C. 1985). • § 132-1 PUBLIC RECORDS Chapter 132. Public Records. Sec. Sec. 132-6. Inspection and examination of 132-9. Access to records. records. § 132-1. «Public records" defined. Local Modification. - Caldwell: 1987, c. 472, s. 1(c); Carteret: 1987, c. 375, s. 4(c); Currituck: 1987, c. 209, s. 1(c); Duplin: 1987, c. 317, s. 1(c); Gaston: 1987, c. 618, s. lfc); Halifax: 198?, c. 377, s. 1(c); Henderson: 1987, c. 172; Lee: 1987, c. 538, s. 1(c); Lenoir: 1987, c. 561, s. 1(c); MitchelL• 1987, c. 141, s. 1(c); Nash: 1987, c. 32; Pasquotank: 1987, c. 175, s. 1(c); Pitt: 1987, c. 143, s. 1(c); Rowan: 1987, c. 379, s. 1(c); Wilson: 1987, c. 484, e. 1(c); Yancey: 1987, c. 140, s. 1(c); city of Elizabeth City: 1987, c. 175, s. 1(c); city of Greensboro: 1987, c. Q~~ § 132-9 51; cities of Hickory and Conover: 1987, c. 319, s. 1; town of Beech Mountain: 1987, c. 376, s. 2(a); town of Blowing Rock: 1987, c. 171, s. 1(c); town of Boone: 1987, c. 170, s. 1(c); Averasboro Town- ship: 1987, c. 142. Cross References. - As to diaries kept in connection with construction or repair contracts, see § 136-28.5. Editor's Note. - By virtue of Session Laws 1987, c. 172, the local modification for Henderson by Session Laws 1985 (Reg. Sesa. 1986), c. 962 should be de- leted from the main volume. § 132-6. Inspection and examination of records. Every person having custody of public records shall permit them to be inspected and examined at reasonable times and under his supervision by any person, and he shall furnish certified copies thereof on payment of fees as prescribed by law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, public records relating to the proposed expansion or location of specific business or industrial projects In the State may be withheld so long as their inspection, examination or copying would frustrate the purpose for which such public records were created; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be construed to permit the withholding of public records relating to general eco- nomic development policies or activities. (1935,. c. 265, s. 6; 19$7, c. 835, s. 1.) Effect of Amendments. -The 1987 amendment, effective August 14, 198?, rewrote this section. 132-9. Access to records. Any person who is denied access to public records for purposes of inspection, examination or copying may apply to the appropriate division of the General Court of Justice for an order compelling disclosure, and the court shall have jurisdiction to issue such or- ders. In an action to compel disclosure of public records which have been withheld pursuant to the provisions of G.S. 132-6 concerning public records relating to the proposed expansion or location of par- ticular businesses and industrial projects, the burden shall be on the custodian withholding the records to show that disclosure would frustrate. the purpose of attracting that particular business or in- 131 ,.,,~ Q "; s § 132-9 1987 CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT § 132-9 § 133-1 F dustrial project.. (1935, c. 265, s. 9; 1975, c. 787, s. 3; 1987, c. 835, s. C 2J Effect of Amendments. -The 1987 PL amendment, effective August 14, 1987, added the last sentence. Article 3. Regulation oP Contractors Public Works. "~ ~ Sec. ~ 133-32. Gifts and favors regulat Gen. § 133-1. Employmen works w rials prc ~, ,~- Local Modification. - (As Chapter) Tyrell: 1983, c. 208; 1 120; 1987, c. 58, s. 1; 1`?~•~, H. Regulation of Cc § 133-32. Gifts and (d) This section is not it = honorariums for participa souvenirs of nominal vah~ section is not intended t~ _ supplier from making c defray meeting expenses . tiers of such professional o~ governmental employees zations from participation able to all members of the meeting. This section is ; gifts or favors between en relatives or the friends ai dren, or members of their relationship rather than ~ which is the motivating i such gifts knowingly mad by the donee to the agent. tor, subcontractor, or supl with the governmental a~ gift. (1981, c. 764, s. 1; 132 a x.19.2 .ART. 3. CML ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS § 6-20 ~ a. ,~ jditor's Note. -Section 150A-43, tive January 1, 1986, and has been re- ~' " to in this section, was rewritten codified as § 150B-43. ,s'~ n Laws 1985, c. 746, a. 1, effec- at~.s'. '~ ~ ~ 8-19.2. Attorney's fees to parties who compel dis- --~~~= closure of public records. ~} ~~«: '~~~ In any civil action in which a party successfully compels the -'G ~elosure of public records pursuant to G.S. 132-9 or other appro- ''~`~;~`~,te provisions of law, the court may, in its discretion, allow the ~svailing party to recover reasonable attorney's fees to be taxed as curt costs against the appropriate agency if: (1) The court finds that the agency acted without substantial justification in denying access to the public records; and (2) The court finds that there are no special circumstances that would make the award of attorney's fees unjust. The party shall petition for the attorney's fees within 30 days A,,liullowing final disposition of the case. The petition shall be sup- y~'~ oottcd by an affidavit setting forth the basis for the request. Nothing in this section grants permission to bring an action ` ' s~ainst an agency otherwise immune from suit or gives a right to bring an action to a party who otherwise lacks standing to bring the - action. Any attorney's fees assessed against an agency under this section shalt be charged against the operating expenses of the agency and ahal l not be reimbursed from any other source. (1983, c. 918, s. 1.) ~ 6-20. Costs allowed or not, in discretion of court. In other actions, costs may be allowed or not, in the discretion of the court, unless otherwise provided by law. (Code, s. 527; Rev., s. 126?; C.S., s. 1243.) Cross References. - As to costs there new trial is granted, see § 6-33 eM the note thereto. [.egal Periodicals. -For article, "The Legal Theory of Attorney Fee Shifting: A Critical Overview,' see 1982 Duke L.J. 6E1 (1982). CASE NOTES The Purpose of this provision is to Live the court authority to allow costs, e~ the justice of the case. may require. (+ulley v. Macy, 89 N.C. 343 (1883); Peron v. Boyd, 104 N.C. 422, 10 S.E. X80 (1889). Section Inapplicable to Contempt Ptoceedin8• -Although labeled "civil" eontemPt, a proceeding as for contempt u by no means a civil action or proceed- ing to which § 6-18, providing when mate shall be allowed to plaintiff as a matter of course, or this section would ePP1Y~ littited Artists Records, Inc. v. Eastern Tape Corp., 18 N.C. App. 183, 196 S.E.2d 598, cert. denied,l83 N.C. ~, 197 S.E.2d 880 (1973). Exercise of Discretion Presumed. - Nothing to the contrary appearing, it will be taken that the court gave judg- ment in the exercise of its discretion as provided in this section. Gulley v. Macy, 89 N.C. 343 (1883); Wooten v. Walters, 110 N.C. 251, 14 S.E. 734 (189L). Discretion Not Reviewable. - By this section the taxing of the costs is placed in the discretion of the trial judge, which discretion is not review- able. Kluttz v. Allison, 214 N.C. 379, 199 S.E. 395 (19381; Chriscoe v. Chriscoe, 268 N.C. 554, 151 S.E.2d 33 (1966). The exercise of the court's discretion- 13 ~I !~ Z n ~~ ti ~y._- - = ~. '~. ~~` ;~,. i - ~, ~.'~ ~;~ , ~~~ <~ _~~. ~:: r~ ~:" ,,. O 1 tJ .? is~A_95 ART. 5. ADMINISTRATION § 153A-98 s ;, -~ ~ -~ 3' T` ~ ig,3A-95. Personnel board. ~ s ~i ~; '('he board of commissioners may establish a personnel board with ~ ~ ~~>`~+uthonty, as regards employees in offices, departments, boards, R ~ emissions, and agencies under the general control of. the board of T ,. ~ ~mmissioners, to administer tests designed to determine the merit ~~ ;, toad fitness of candidates for appointment or promotion, to conduct henrinRs upon the appeal of employees who have been suspended, ` demoted, or discharged, to hear employee grievances, or to under- tako any other duties relating to personnel administration that the .`~"' board of commissioners may direct. (1973, c. 822, s. 1.) ~ 153A-96. Participation in the Social Security Act. The board of commissioners may take any action necessary to ~Il~>w county officers and employees to participate fully in benefits provided by the Federal Social Security Act. (1973, c. 822, s. 1.) "- ~-- ~ 153A-97. Defense of officers, employees and others. A county may, pursuant to G.S. 160A-167, provide for the defense of an count officer or em to ee includin the count board of Y Y P Y~ g Y elections or any county election official, and of any member of a w volunteer fire department or rescue squad which receives public funds. (1957, c. 436; 1973, c. 822, s. 1; 1977, c. 307, s. 1J " CASE NOTES Cited in Bostic v. Wall, 588 F. Supp. ~!4 iW.D.N.C. 1984). :~ _ ... # 153A-98. Privacy of employee personnel records. ° -''- (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of G.S. 132-6 or any other ~,~< general law or local act concerning access to public records, person- ,,,~`' ' nel files of employees, former employees, or applicants for employ- ~~ ~=%'' ment maintained by a county are subject to inspection and may be disclosed only as provided by this section. For purposes of this sec- tion, an employee's personnel file consists of any information in any ~ ~ ~ "`'. form gathered by the. county with respect to that employee and, by = ~~`:b way of illustration but not limitation, relating to his application, ~ "~' f,~ selection or nonselection, performance, promotions, demotions, transfers, suspension and other disciplinary actions, evaluation '~` forms, leave, salary, and termination of employment. As used in ro. :"' this section, "employee" includes former employees of the county. (b~ The following information with respect to each county em- ,~~ ployee is a matter of public record: name; age; date of original employment or appointment to the county service; current. position ,c '' title; current salary; date and amount of the most recent increase or _ ~ "~; decrease in salary; date of the most recent promotion, demotion, '" "' transfer, suspension, separation or other change in position classifi- cation; and the office to which the employee is currently assigned. The board of county commissioner:; shall determine in what form ; and by whom this infrn•mation ~~~ill be maintained. Any person may _ s 41 __ ; 4# l~ ,~ ~~ s r k F ':~ n u y J ,~~ a, ; ro~ =a J ' u ~ ~~ § 153A-98 CH. 153A. COUNTIES § 153A-98 have access to this information for the purpose of inspection, exami- nation, and copying, during regular business hours, subject only tq such rules and regulations for the safekeeping of public records as the board of commissioners may have adopted. Any person denied access to this information may apply to the appropriate division of the General Court of Justice for an order compelling disclosure, and the court shall have jurisdiction to issue such orders. (c) All information contained in a county employee's personnel file, other than the information made public by subsection (b) of this section, is confidential and shall be open to inspection only in the following instances: (1) The employee or his duly authorized agent may examine all portions of his personnel file except (i) letters of reference solicited prior to employment, and (ii) information concern- ing a medical disability, mental or physical, that a prudent j physician would not divulge to his patient. (2) A licensed physician designated in writing by the employee may examine the employee's medical record. (3) A county employee having supervisopy authority over the employee may examine all material irt, the employee's per- sonnel file. (4) By order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any person may examine such portion of an employee's personnel file as may be ordered by the court. (5) An official of an agency of the State or federal government, ~ ~ or any political subdivision of the State, may inspect any portion of a personnel file when such inspection is deemed by the official having custody of such records to be in- spected to be necessary and essential to the pursuance of a ~ proper function of the inspecting agency, but no informa- ~ tion shall be divulged for the purpose of assisting in a ' criminal prosecution of the employee, or for the purpose of ~ assisting in an investigation of the employee's tax liability. However, the official having custody of such records may release the name, address, and telephone number from a personnel file for the purpose of assisting in a criminal investigation. (6) An employee may sign a written release, to be placed with j his personnel file, that permits the person with custody of the file to provide, either in person, by telephone, or by mail, information specified in the release to prospective employers, educational institutions, or other persons speci- fied in the release. (7) The county manager, with concurrence of the board of ' county commissioners, or, in counties not having a man- ager, the board of county commissioners may inform any person of the employment or nonemployment, promotion, demotion, suspension or other disciplinary action, rein- ; statement, transfer, or termination of a county employee and the reasons for that personnel action. Before releasing the information, the manager or board shall determine in writing that the release is essential to maintaining public confidence in the administration of county services or to maintaining the level and quality of county services. This written determination shall he retained in the office of the manager or the county clerk, is a record available for pub- 42 t , Q ~~ ~. ~~ ¢ 153A-98 ART. 5. ADMINISTRATION § 153A-98 r t: 'S - lic inspection and shall become part of the employee's per- a '' .. . ~ sonnel file. , ~- ~. _ -~ (cl) Even if considered part of an employee's personnel file, the ~ ,a '~ : following information need not be disclosed to an employee nor to ~ _ ~_ 8ny other person: ? ~. (1) Testing or examination material used solely to determine -- . „ individual qualifications for appointment, employment, or promotion in the county's service, when disclosure would compromise the objectivity or the fairness of the testing or - examination process. '= (2) Investigative reports or memoranda and other information concerning the investigation of possible criminal actions of an employee, until the investigation is completed and no .~.-~{~ criminal action taken, or until the criminal action is con- ''~ - cluded. (3) Information that might identify an undercover law enforce- ment officer or a law enforcement informer. (4) Notes, preliminary drafts and internal communications ~ concerning an employee. In the event such materials are ~ ` used for any official personnel decision, then the employee or his duly authorized agent shall have a right to inspect - such materials. _ (c2) The board of county commissioners may permit access, sub- ~ ;,~ ject to limitations they may impose, to selected personnel files by a professional representative of a training, research, or academic in- stitution if that person certifies that he will not release information identifying the employees whose files are opened and that the infor- mation will be used solely for statistical, research,, or teaching pur- poses. This certification shall be retained by the county as long as each personnel file so examined is retained. _ (d) The board of commissioners of a county that maintains per- sonnel files containing information other than the information ''''°T a- mentioned in subsection (b) of this section shall establish proce- . dures whereby an employee who objects to material in his file on i= grounds that it is inaccurate or misleading may seek to have the ~~ ~` ~'~ material removed from the file or may place in the file a statement = ~ ` relating to the material. ~ ~' = (e) A public official or employee who knowingly, willfully, and ~ r,' with malice permits any person to have access to information con- ~`; tained in a personnel file, except as is permitted by this section, is ,~ ~ :~.. guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be fined an amount not more than five hundred dollars ($500.00). (f) Any person, not specifically authorized by this section to have access to a personnel file designated as confidential, who shall knowingly and willfully examine in its official filing place, remove or copy any portion of a confidential personnel file shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be fined in the discretion _ ; of the court but not in excess of five hundred dollars ($500.00). ~' (1975, c. 701, s. 1; 1981, c. 926, ss. 1, 5-8.) t 1:~